Python微信后台开发--环境搭建与接入指南

0x00 背景及介绍

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申请一个微信公众平台订阅号，将后台接入到服务器上，验证服务器地址的有效性，实现简单的业务逻辑，根据用户发送不同类型的消息做出不同的反应。

0x01 语言和框架

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• 语言：Python
• 框架：Django
• 开发包：wechat-python-sdk
• Github源码地址：
  https://github.com/PorridgeEater/WeChat

0x02 参考文档

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• 微信公众平台开发文档：
  http://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki/home/index.html
• sdk开发包文档：
  http://wechat-python-sdk.com/

0x03 服务器配置

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• 系统：CentOS
• 配置过程：
  1. 更新系统

yum update

2. 安装python依赖包

yum groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

3. 安装python和pip及更新

yum install python
yum install python-pip
(sudo) pip install --upgrade pip

4. 安装Django框架

pip install Django

5. 安装wechat-python-sdk开发包

pip install wechat-sdk

6. 新建一个Django实例

django-admin.py startproject PROJECT_NAME
cd PROJECT_NAME
python manage.py startapp APP_NAME
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

7. 添加url规则(urls.py)

urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^wechat/', views.wechat_home),
]

8. 编写views逻辑(views.py)

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
from django.http.response import HttpResponse, HttpResponseBadRequest
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from wechat_sdk import WechatConf
from wechat_sdk import WechatBasic
from wechat_sdk.exceptions import ParseError
from wechat_sdk.messages import (TextMessage, VoiceMessage, ImageMessage, VideoMessage, LinkMessage, LocationMessage, EventMessage, ShortVideoMessage)
conf = WechatConf(
        token='YOUR_TOKEN_HERE',
        appid='YOUR_APPID',
        appsecret='YOUR_APPSECRET',
        encrypt_mode='YOUR_MODE',
        encoding_aes_key='YOUR_AES_KEY'
)
@csrf_exempt
def wechat_home(request):
        signature = request.GET.get('signature')
        timestamp = request.GET.get('timestamp')
        nonce = request.GET.get('nonce')
        wechat_instance = WechatBasic(conf=conf)
        if not wechat_instance.check_signature(signature=signature, timestamp=timestamp, nonce=nonce):
            return HttpResponseBadRequest('Verify Failed')
        else:
            if request.method == 'GET':
                response = request.GET.get('echostr', 'error')
            else:
                try:
                    wechat_instance.parse_data(request.body)    
                    message = wechat_instance.get_message()         
                    if isinstance(message, TextMessage):            
                        reply_text = 'text'
                    elif isinstance(message, VoiceMessage):         
                        reply_text = 'voice'
                    elif isinstance(message, ImageMessage):         
                        reply_text = 'image'
                    elif isinstance(message, LinkMessage):          
                        reply_text = 'link'
                    elif isinstance(message, LocationMessage):      
                        reply_text = 'location'
                    elif isinstance(message, VideoMessage):         
                        reply_text = 'video'
                    elif isinstance(message, ShortVideoMessage):    
                        reply_text = 'shortvideo'
                    else:
                        reply_text = 'other'
                    response = wechat_instance.response_text(content=reply_text)
                except ParseError:  
                    return HttpResponseBadRequest('Invalid XML Data')
            return HttpResponse(response, content_type="application/xml")

9. 开启django app，后台挂载在80端口

sudo python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80 &

0x04 微信后台配置

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• 记录APPID和APPSecret填入views.py的conf属性
• 填写服务器配置
  • 注意URL最后带上/，否则django会报POST URL error
  • 自定义token，填入views.py的conf属性
  • 自定义EncodingAESKey，填入views.py的conf属性

基本配置

0x05 遇到的坑

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1. runserver后本地能够访问，外网不能访问

• 绑定ip到0.0.0.0，设置为对公监听即可

2. 输入中文无法响应

• import os后设置编码为utf8

3. 端口号被占用

• ps aux | grep manage后然后kill -9 相应进程号

0x06 后记

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• 能够识别不同的消息类型并进行相应回复

  
  
  

  实现效果图
• 代码的功能还有待完善，结构和逻辑也可以再设计得更清晰一些

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