数据库备份,数据库为school,素材如下:
1.创建student和score表
CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50)
)engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
) engine= innodb default charset=utf8;
2.为student表和score表增加记录
向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
按要求完成下面问题:
1.备份数据库school到/backup目录
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /backup
[root@localhost /]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123ABCabc!' -B school > /backup/school.sql
-B:创建数据库和切换到数据库,恢复时不需要创建数据库和删表。备份多个数据库时用-B 数据库1 数据库2 …
[root@localhost /]# vim /backup/school.sql
2.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式,能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123ABCabc!' -h127.0.0.1 --add-drop-table -B school > backupfile.sql
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123ABCabc!' -h127.0.0.1 -B school | gzip > backupfile.sql.gz
4.备份MySQL数据库某个表(此例备份为student表)
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123ABCabc!' -h127.0.0.1 school student > studentfile.sql
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123ABCabc!' -h127.0.0.1 school db1 -B > morebackupfile.sql
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123ABCabc!' -h127.0.0.1 --no-data school > structurebackupfile.sql
[root@localhost backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123ABCabc!' -h127.0.0.1 --all-databases > allbackupfile.sql
[root@localhost backup]# mysql -uroot -p'123ABCabc!' -B school < /backup/school.sql
[root@localhost backup]# zcat /etc/lvm/backup/backupfile.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p'123ABCabc!'
10.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库
环境:安装xtrabackup(建议安装2.4版本,8.0版本无innobackup)
下载地址:https://www.percona.com/software/mysql-database/percona-xtrabackup
1、配置epel源
[root@localhost ~]#wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
2、安装
安装依赖及软件:
mysql-community-libs-compat、perl-DBD-MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# yum install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.8-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
3、授权用户
备份用户需要权限:
mysql> CREATE USER 'bakuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'ABCabc123!';
mysql> GRANT SELECT,RELOAD,SHOW DATABASES,PROCESS,LOCK TABLES,SUPER,REPLICATION CLIENT on *.* to 'bakuser'@'localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
这里可以修改密码策略,使密码简单化,(我的mysql小练习第三个,可以看看)
[root@localhost full]# innobackupex -v
innobackupex version 2.4.8 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 97330f7)
mkdir /backup/mysql/full -p
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=bakuser --password='ABCabc123!' /backup/mysql/full
11.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份。
在客户端上用SCP下载所备份的文件
发现主机密钥验证失败的解决方案
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ssh/ssh_config
加上StrictHostKeyChecking no(有改无加)
备份:
root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/full/full/2020-07-19_10-28-32 --完全备份路径
停止数据库:systemctl stop mysqld
清空数据:rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/ --代表删除数据,以离线方式安装的mysql默认文件路径为/var/lib/mysql,可以确认一下。
[root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/full/full/2020-07-19_10-28-32
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
12.使用mydumper备份数据库
环境:CentOS7 使用mydumper
(1)安装依赖包
使用扩展源:
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum -y install glib2-devel zlib-devel pcre-devel gcc gcc-c++
安装mysql-devel(需要三个依赖包和删除mariadb-libs)
yum remove mariadb-libs
yum install mysql-community-libs-5.7.14-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-devel-5.7.14-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.14-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
(2)上传软件包mydumper-0.9.1.tar.gz
#tar xf mydumper-0.9.1.tar.gz
#cd mydumper-0.9.1/
#cmake .
#make
#make install
查看环境变量:
至此安装完成,安装完成后生成两个二进制文件 mydumper 和 myloader 位于 /usr/local/bin 目录下。
[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123ABCabc! -t 4 -B school -o /backup/school
注:Mydumper备份是以文件夹形式备份,如果是以源码安装的MySQL需要加套接字(-S /tmp/mysql.sock),如有不会请mydumper --help。
13.使用mydumper恢复数据库
如果数据库不存在,先创建数据库
mysql> create database booksDB;
[root@localhost ~]# myloader -u root -p 123ABCabc! -d /backup/school/ -o -B school