1. tomcat简介

Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会(Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持,最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现,Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应HTML(标准通用标记语言下的一个应用)页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展,但运行时它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是,当配置正确时,Apache 为HTML页面服务,而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外,Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样,具有处理HTML页面的功能,另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器,独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过,Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0。

tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一,tomcat本身是一个容器,专门用来运行java程序,java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景:lnmt
tomcat官网 :http://tomcat.apache.org/

2.tomcat 项目部署

tomcat应用场景:lnmt
tomcat官网 :链接: http://tomcat.apache.org/.

2.1 tomcat部署多个项目

以部署两个项目为例:

//关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl  stop  firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl  disable  firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vim  /etc/selinux/config
 **//将第六行中的 enforcing 改为 disabled**
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled      

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce   0

//安装之前请确保本地仓库可用
//安装jdk环境
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0*
……下载过程略

[root@localhost src]# cd  /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# mkdir  tomcat

//下载tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz
……下载过程略
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz   debug  kernels
//部署项目一
[root@localhost src]# tar   xf  apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz 
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.35  apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz  debug  kernels
[root@localhost src]# mv  apache-tomcat-9.0.35  tomcat1
[root@localhost src]# mv  tomcat1   /usr/local/tomcat/

//部署项目二
[root@localhost src]# tar xf  apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz 
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.35  apache-tomcat-9.0.35.tar.gz  debug  kernels
[root@localhost src]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.35  tomcat2
[root@localhost src]# mv  tomcat2  /usr/local/tomcat/

[root@localhost src]# cd  /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
tomcat1  tomcat2

//分别在两个项目中进行测试
//tomcat1
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd  tomcat1/webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# ls
docs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT
//创建测试文档
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir  test
[root@localhost webapps]# cd  test/
//编写一个java页面进行测试
[root@localhost test]# vim  index.jsp
[root@localhost test]# cat index.jsp


 test


 <%
 out.println("I am tomcat1");
 %>



//在tomcat2中的操作与tomcat1中相同
[root@localhost tomcat]# cd  tomcat2/webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# ls
docs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT
//创建测试文档
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir  test
[root@localhost webapps]# cd  test/
//编写一个java页面进行测试
[root@localhost test]# vim  index.jsp
[root@localhost test]# cat index.jsp


 test


 <%
 out.println("I am tomcat1");
 %>



//启动tomcat
//启动tomcat1,端口为8080和8005
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/catalina.sh  start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost bin]# ss  -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q              Local Address:Port                             Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                             *:22                                          *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                     127.0.0.1:25                                          *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                            :::8080                                       :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                            :::22                                         :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                           ::1:25                                         :::*                  
LISTEN      0      1                ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005                                       :::*                  

//tomcat2无法与tomcat1一样启动,因为他们的服务端口是一样的,如果再启动tomcat2就会有冲突。
//要想启动tomcat2,需要更改tomcat2的服务端口
[root@localhost ~]# cd  /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ls
catalina.policy      context.xml           jaspic-providers.xsd  server.xml        tomcat-users.xsd
catalina.properties  jaspic-providers.xml  logging.properties    tomcat-users.xml  web.xml
[root@localhost conf]# vim  server.xml
.......
//将prot后的8005端口改为你想改的。

  
.......
.......
//将prot后的8080端口改为你想改的。
//将redirectPort后的8443端口改为你想改的。

.......

//改完后就可以启动tomcat2
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/catalina.sh  start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost bin]# ss  -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q              Local Address:Port                             Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                             *:22                                          *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                     127.0.0.1:25                                          *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                            :::8080                                       :::*             
LISTEN      0      100                            :::8081                                       :::*                       
LISTEN      0      128                            :::22                                         :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                           ::1:25                                         :::*                  
LISTEN      0      1                ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005                                       :::*                  
LISTEN      0      1                ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8006                                       :::*          

2.2 验证

tomcat_第1张图片tomcat_第2张图片

2.3 开启管理模块

tomcat_第3张图片
当点击图中说指的内容时,会被拒绝。
tomcat_第4张图片
修改配置文件/usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
......
  
  
  
     ## 在此行前面添加以上内容

**注意:admin-gui是管理Host Manager项的,manager-gui是管理Server status和Manager App项

修改配置文件/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml**

       ##此处要允许宿主机的ip访问
  

重启tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

现在已经可以进入Server status和Manager App了,点击对应的按钮,输入密码即可进入,页面如下:
tomcat_第5张图片tomcat_第6张图片
**但是现在还不能进入Host Manager

修改配置文件/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml**


         ##同样加上允许宿主机ip访问
  

重启tomcat服务

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

点击Host Manager的按钮,输入密码即可进入,页面如下:
tomcat_第7张图片