手写 spring mvc 基于注解

手写 spring mvc 基于注解

author: huifer

前置知识

  • 在 spring 中我们会有如下几个注解来帮助我们定义 web-mvc 的语义

    1. Controller
    2. Service
    3. RequestParam
    4. Autowired
    5. RequestMapping
  • 这些注解相比大家都使用过在这里就不具体展开描述了. 在后面的开发中我们再来细说

配置篇

  • web.xml 的配置
  • 在 web.xml 中我们需要配置

    1. servlet-class
    2. spring的配置(伪)
    3. url-pattern
  • spring 配置这里简化为一个包的扫描路径. component-scan
  • 配置详情
  • web.xml


  HuiFer web application
  
    HuiFer mvc
    org.huifer.spring.servlet.v1.HFDispatcherServlet
    
      contextConfigLocation
      classpath*:application.properties
    
    1
  
  
    HuiFer mvc
    /*
  
  • application.properties
scanPackage=org.huifer.spring

注解篇

  • HFAutowired

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.FIELD,
    ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface HFAutowired {

  String value() default "";

}
  • HFController
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface HFController {

}
  • HFRequestMapping
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface HFRequestMapping {

  String name() default "";
}
  • HFRequestParam

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface HFRequestParam {

  String name() default "";
}
  • HFService

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface HFService {

  String name() default "";

}
  • 注解篇没什么可以多说的. 只是定义一些语义标记. 接下来就是具体的实现了

servlet 篇

  • 开发流程

    1. 读取web.xml中的配置,读取包扫描路径
    2. 根据包扫描路径加载类命.
    3. 实例化类.(service注解)

      1. 根据名称注入
      2. 根据类型注入
    4. 读取 requestMapping 注解

      1. key: url , value: method
    5. 执行http请求
  • 首先继承 javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
  • 重写的方法

    1. init
    2. doPost
    3. doGet
  • 主要部分都在init方法中, 按照行为拆分如下几个方法

    1. doLoadConfig 读取配置
    2. doScan 进行包扫描
    3. instance 实例化
    4. autowired 注入
    5. initHandlerMapping url和method映射关系
  • 读取配置文件. 通过getServletConfig获取 servlet 的配置, 并读取 resource 文件夹中的配置.
  /**
   * 从 web.xml 读取contextConfigLocation 
把 {@code classpath*:application.properties} 载入配置 */ private void doLoadConfig() { InputStream resourceAsStream = null; try { // 获取servlet的配置 ServletConfig servletConfig = this.getServletConfig(); String configInitParameter = servletConfig.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CONFIG_LOCATION) .replace("classpath*:", ""); // 读取配置文件 resourceAsStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream(configInitParameter); SPRING_CONTEXT_CONFIG.load(resourceAsStream); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (resourceAsStream != null) { try { resourceAsStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
  • 包扫描. 递归的扫描基本路径下的class. 放入类名字列表
  /**
   * 包扫描
   */
  private void doScan(String scanPackage) {

    // 类路径
    URL resource = this.getClass().getClassLoader()
        .getResource("/" + scanPackage.replaceAll("\\.", "/"));

    File classPath = new File(resource.getFile());

    for (File file : classPath.listFiles()) {
      if (file.isDirectory()) {
        doScan(scanPackage + "." + file.getName());
      }
      else {
        if (!file.getName().endsWith(".class")) {
          continue;
        }
        else {
          String className = (scanPackage + "." + file.getName()).replace(".class", "");
          classNameList.add(className);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  • 实例化.

    • 那些类需要实例化. 带有 spring 注解的类需要初始化. 在spring里面是 @Component 这里做例子就直接写死了几个需要初始化的标记接口

      1. HFController
      2. HFService
    • 实例化后的存储

      1. Map 结构毋庸置疑

        • 在spring中我们注入有 byName 和 byType. 我们这个简单的ioc容器也会有

          • byName 的存储方式: key: beanName value: object
        • 通过反射方法getInterfaces 我们可以获取这个类实现了那些接口. 因此可以直接进行注入

          • byType 的存储方式: key: interfaceName value:Object
  /**
   * 实例化
   */
  private void instance() {
    if (this.classNameList.isEmpty()) {
      return;
    }
    try {

      for (String clazz : this.classNameList) {
        Class aClass = Class.forName(clazz);

        // 1. 接口的实现类初始化
        if (!aClass.isInterface()) {
          System.out.println(clazz);
          Object o = aClass.newInstance();
          // 1. 带有注解的初始化
          if (aClass.isAnnotationPresent(HFController.class)) {
            IOC_NAME.put(aClass.getSimpleName(), o);
          }
          else if (aClass.isAnnotationPresent(HFService.class)) {
            HFService annotation = aClass.getAnnotation(HFService.class);
            // 名字注入
            if (annotation.name().equals("")) {
              IOC_NAME.put(aClass.getSimpleName(), o);
            }
            else {
              IOC_NAME.put(annotation.name(), o);
            }

            // 类型注入
            Class[] interfaces = aClass.getInterfaces();
            for (Class anInterface : interfaces) {
              if (!IOC_NAME.containsKey(anInterface.getName())) {
                IOC_NAME.put(anInterface.getName(), o);
              }
            }
          }

          else {
            continue;
          }
        }

      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
  • 自动注入

    • 从ico容器中获取实例化的对象并且强制设置属性

      1. 那些字段需要呗强制设置? 带有 HFAutowired 注解的字段
private void autowired() {

    if (IOC_NAME.isEmpty()) {
      return;
    }

    for (Entry entry : IOC_NAME.entrySet()) {
      try {

        String k = entry.getKey();
        Object v = entry.getValue();
        Field[] declaredFields = v.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
          // 是否又自动注入的注解
          if (declaredField.isAnnotationPresent(HFAutowired.class)) {
            HFAutowired annotation = declaredField.getAnnotation(HFAutowired.class);
            String beanName = annotation.value().trim();
            // byType 获取具体的实现类
            if (beanName.equals("")) {
              beanName = declaredField.getType().getName();
            }
            declaredField.setAccessible(true);
            declaredField.set(v, IOC_NAME.get(beanName));
          }
          else {
            continue;
          }
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();

      }
    }

  }
  • 绑定url和执行方法

    • 先找到 HFController. 再找到 HFRequestMapping 反射获取所有 method 判断method是否有 HFRequestMapping. 最终组装, 类上面的HFRequestMapping和方法上的HFRequestMapping属性值拼接起来就是url
private void initHandlerMapping() {
    if (IOC_NAME.isEmpty()) {
      return;
    }

    for (Entry entry : IOC_NAME.entrySet()) {
      Class clazz = entry.getValue().getClass();

      if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(HFController.class)) {
        if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(HFRequestMapping.class)) {
          HFRequestMapping annotation = clazz.getAnnotation(HFRequestMapping.class);
          String baseUri = annotation.name();

          for (Method method : clazz.getMethods()) {
            HFRequestMapping annotation1 = method.getAnnotation(HFRequestMapping.class);
            if (annotation1 != null) {

              String uri = ("/" + baseUri + "/" + annotation1.name()).replaceAll("/+", "/");
              HandlerMapping.put(uri, method);
            }
          }
        }
      }


    }

  }

运行时

  • 处理请求

    1. 从请求的url转换为method
    2. 参数匹配

      1. 读取method的参数列表,类型列表
      2. 根据类型我们有两个可以直接设置HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse
      3. 获取参数的注解. HFRequestParam . 从url中获取对应的名称. 放入参数列表.
      4. method.invoke 执行.
      5. 获取method的执行结果. response 写出
private void dispath(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {
    String requestURI = req.getRequestURI();
    String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
    requestURI = requestURI.replaceAll(contextPath, "").replaceAll("/+", "/");
    if (!HandlerMapping.containsKey(requestURI)) {
      throw new RuntimeException("不存在的url");
    }

    Method method = HandlerMapping.get(requestURI);
    if (method != null) {

      // 获取 method 所在的class
      String simpleName = method.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName();
      Object o = IOC_NAME.get(simpleName);

      // 请求参数
      Map parameterMap = req.getParameterMap();
      // 参数动态赋值
      Class[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
      Object[] paramValues = new Object[parameterTypes.length];

      for (int i = 0; i < paramValues.length; i++) {
        // 获取 controller 中的参数类型
        Class parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
        if (parameterType.equals(req.getClass())) {
          paramValues[i] = req;
        }
        else if (parameterType.equals(resp.getClass())) {
          paramValues[i] = resp;
        }
        // todo: 2020/7/25 参数内容的设置
        else if (parameterType.equals(String.class)) {
          Annotation[][] parameterAnnotations = method.getParameterAnnotations();
          for (Annotation a : parameterAnnotations[i]) {
            if (a instanceof HFRequestParam) {
              String paramName = ((HFRequestParam) a).name();
              if (!"".equals(paramName.trim())) {
                String value = Arrays.toString(parameterMap.get(paramName))
                    .replaceAll("\\[|\\]", "").replaceAll("\\s", ",");
                paramValues[i] = value;
              }

            }
          }
        }
        else if (parameterType.equals(Integer.class) || parameterType.equals(int.class)) {
          Annotation[][] parameterAnnotations = method.getParameterAnnotations();
          for (Annotation a : parameterAnnotations[i]) {
            if (a instanceof HFRequestParam) {
              String paramName = ((HFRequestParam) a).name();
              if (!"".equals(paramName.trim())) {
                String value = Arrays.toString(parameterMap.get(paramName))
                    .replaceAll("\\[|\\]", "").replaceAll("\\s", ",");
                paramValues[i] = Integer.valueOf(value);
              }

            }
          }
        }
      }
      Object invoke = method.invoke(o, paramValues);
      resp.getWriter().write(invoke.toString());
    }

  }

完整的类

package org.huifer.spring.servlet.v1;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.huifer.spring.annotation.HFAutowired;
import org.huifer.spring.annotation.HFController;
import org.huifer.spring.annotation.HFRequestMapping;
import org.huifer.spring.annotation.HFRequestParam;
import org.huifer.spring.annotation.HFService;

public class HFDispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {


  public static final String CONTEXT_CONFIG_LOCATION = "contextConfigLocation";
  public static final String SCAN_KEY = "scanPackage";
  private final Properties SPRING_CONTEXT_CONFIG = new Properties();
  private final List classNameList = new ArrayList<>();
  private final Map HandlerMapping = new HashMap<>();
  /**
   *
   */
  Map IOC_NAME = new HashMap<>();

  @Override
  public void init() throws ServletException {
    // 配置读取
    doLoadConfig();
    // 注解扫描.
    doScan(this.SPRING_CONTEXT_CONFIG.getProperty(SCAN_KEY));
    // 初始化类
    instance();
    // 依赖注入
    autowired();
    // 初始化 handlerMapping
    initHandlerMapping();
    System.out.println();
  }

  private void initHandlerMapping() {
    if (IOC_NAME.isEmpty()) {
      return;
    }

    for (Entry entry : IOC_NAME.entrySet()) {
      Class clazz = entry.getValue().getClass();

      if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(HFController.class)) {
        if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(HFRequestMapping.class)) {
          HFRequestMapping annotation = clazz.getAnnotation(HFRequestMapping.class);
          String baseUri = annotation.name();

          for (Method method : clazz.getMethods()) {
            HFRequestMapping annotation1 = method.getAnnotation(HFRequestMapping.class);
            if (annotation1 != null) {

              String uri = ("/" + baseUri + "/" + annotation1.name()).replaceAll("/+", "/");
              HandlerMapping.put(uri, method);
            }
          }
        }
      }


    }

  }

  private void autowired() {

    if (IOC_NAME.isEmpty()) {
      return;
    }

    for (Entry entry : IOC_NAME.entrySet()) {
      try {

        String k = entry.getKey();
        Object v = entry.getValue();
        Field[] declaredFields = v.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
          // 是否又自动注入的注解
          if (declaredField.isAnnotationPresent(HFAutowired.class)) {
            HFAutowired annotation = declaredField.getAnnotation(HFAutowired.class);
            String beanName = annotation.value().trim();
            // byType 获取具体的实现类
            if (beanName.equals("")) {
              beanName = declaredField.getType().getName();
            }
            declaredField.setAccessible(true);
            declaredField.set(v, IOC_NAME.get(beanName));
          }
          else {
            continue;
          }
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();

      }
    }

  }

  /**
   * 实例化
   */
  private void instance() {
    if (this.classNameList.isEmpty()) {
      return;
    }
    try {

      for (String clazz : this.classNameList) {
        Class aClass = Class.forName(clazz);

        // 1. 接口的实现类初始化
        if (!aClass.isInterface()) {
          System.out.println(clazz);
          Object o = aClass.newInstance();
          // 1. 带有注解的初始化
          if (aClass.isAnnotationPresent(HFController.class)) {
            IOC_NAME.put(aClass.getSimpleName(), o);
          }
          else if (aClass.isAnnotationPresent(HFService.class)) {
            HFService annotation = aClass.getAnnotation(HFService.class);
            // 名字注入
            if (annotation.name().equals("")) {
              IOC_NAME.put(aClass.getSimpleName(), o);
            }
            else {
              IOC_NAME.put(annotation.name(), o);
            }

            // 类型注入
            Class[] interfaces = aClass.getInterfaces();
            for (Class anInterface : interfaces) {
              if (!IOC_NAME.containsKey(anInterface.getName())) {
                IOC_NAME.put(anInterface.getName(), o);
              }
            }
          }

          else {
            continue;
          }
        }

      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }


  /**
   * 包扫描
   */
  private void doScan(String scanPackage) {

    // 类路径
    URL resource = this.getClass().getClassLoader()
        .getResource("/" + scanPackage.replaceAll("\\.", "/"));

    File classPath = new File(resource.getFile());

    for (File file : classPath.listFiles()) {
      if (file.isDirectory()) {
        doScan(scanPackage + "." + file.getName());
      }
      else {
        if (!file.getName().endsWith(".class")) {
          continue;
        }
        else {
          String className = (scanPackage + "." + file.getName()).replace(".class", "");
          classNameList.add(className);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * 从 web.xml 读取contextConfigLocation 
把 {@code classpath*:application.properties} 载入配置 */ private void doLoadConfig() { InputStream resourceAsStream = null; try { // 获取servlet的配置 ServletConfig servletConfig = this.getServletConfig(); String configInitParameter = servletConfig.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CONFIG_LOCATION) .replace("classpath*:", ""); // 读取配置文件 resourceAsStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream(configInitParameter); SPRING_CONTEXT_CONFIG.load(resourceAsStream); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (resourceAsStream != null) { try { resourceAsStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { try { dispath(req, resp); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); resp.getWriter().write(Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace())); } } private void dispath(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception { String requestURI = req.getRequestURI(); String contextPath = req.getContextPath(); requestURI = requestURI.replaceAll(contextPath, "").replaceAll("/+", "/"); if (!HandlerMapping.containsKey(requestURI)) { throw new RuntimeException("不存在的url"); } Method method = HandlerMapping.get(requestURI); if (method != null) { // 获取 method 所在的class String simpleName = method.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(); Object o = IOC_NAME.get(simpleName); // 请求参数 Map parameterMap = req.getParameterMap(); // 参数动态赋值 Class[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes(); Object[] paramValues = new Object[parameterTypes.length]; for (int i = 0; i < paramValues.length; i++) { // 获取 controller 中的参数类型 Class parameterType = parameterTypes[i]; if (parameterType.equals(req.getClass())) { paramValues[i] = req; } else if (parameterType.equals(resp.getClass())) { paramValues[i] = resp; } // todo: 2020/7/25 参数内容的设置 else if (parameterType.equals(String.class)) { Annotation[][] parameterAnnotations = method.getParameterAnnotations(); for (Annotation a : parameterAnnotations[i]) { if (a instanceof HFRequestParam) { String paramName = ((HFRequestParam) a).name(); if (!"".equals(paramName.trim())) { String value = Arrays.toString(parameterMap.get(paramName)) .replaceAll("\\[|\\]", "").replaceAll("\\s", ","); paramValues[i] = value; } } } } else if (parameterType.equals(Integer.class) || parameterType.equals(int.class)) { Annotation[][] parameterAnnotations = method.getParameterAnnotations(); for (Annotation a : parameterAnnotations[i]) { if (a instanceof HFRequestParam) { String paramName = ((HFRequestParam) a).name(); if (!"".equals(paramName.trim())) { String value = Arrays.toString(parameterMap.get(paramName)) .replaceAll("\\[|\\]", "").replaceAll("\\s", ","); paramValues[i] = Integer.valueOf(value); } } } } } Object invoke = method.invoke(o, paramValues); resp.getWriter().write(invoke.toString()); } } @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { try { dispath(req, resp); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); resp.getWriter().write(Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace())); } } }

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