我们先阅读图1,从中了解Tomcat涉及生命周期管理的主要类。
图2 JMX架构
/**
* Allow sub classes to fire {@link Lifecycle} events.
*
* @param type Event type
* @param data Data associated with event.
*/
protected void fireLifecycleEvent(String type, Object data) {
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(type, data);
}
lifecycle的定义如下:
/**
* Used to handle firing lifecycle events.
* TODO: Consider merging LifecycleSupport into this class.
*/
private LifecycleSupport lifecycle = new LifecycleSupport(this);
LifecycleSupport的fireLifecycleEvent方法的实现,见代码清单2。
/**
* Notify all lifecycle event listeners that a particular event has
* occurred for this Container. The default implementation performs
* this notification synchronously using the calling thread. gja
*
* @param type Event type
* @param data Event data
*/
public void fireLifecycleEvent(String type, Object data) {
LifecycleEvent event = new LifecycleEvent(lifecycle, type, data);
LifecycleListener interested[] = listeners;
for (int i = 0; i < interested.length; i++)
interested[i].lifecycleEvent(event);
}
代码清单2将事件通知给所有监听当前容器的生命周期监听器LifecycleListener,并调用LifecycleListener的lifecycleEvent方法。每个容器都维护这一个监听器缓存,其实现如下:
/**
* The set of registered LifecycleListeners for event notifications.
*/
private LifecycleListener listeners[] = new LifecycleListener[0];
那么listeners中的监听器是何时添加进来的呢?每个容器在新建、初始化、启动,销毁,被添加到父容器的过程中都会调用父类LifecycleBase的addLifecycleListener方法,addLifecycleListener的实现见代码清单3。
@Override
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.addLifecycleListener(listener);
}
从代码清单3看到,LifecycleBase的addLifecycleListener方法实际是对LifecycleSupport的addLifecycleListener方法的简单代理,LifecycleSupport的addLifecycleListener方法的实现,见代码清单4。
/**
* Add a lifecycle event listener to this component.
*
* @param listener The listener to add
*/
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
synchronized (listenersLock) {
LifecycleListener results[] =
new LifecycleListener[listeners.length + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++)
results[i] = listeners[i];
results[listeners.length] = listener;
listeners = results;
}
}
在代码清单2中,我们讲过容器会最终调用每个对此容器感兴趣的LifecycleListener的lifecycleEvent方法,那么LifecycleListener的lifecycleEvent方法会做些什么呢?为了简单起见,我们以监听器AprLifecycleListener为例,AprLifecycleListener的lifecycleEvent方法的实现,见代码清单5。
/**
* Primary entry point for startup and shutdown events.
*
* @param event The event that has occurred
*/
public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {
if (Lifecycle.INIT_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
synchronized (lock) {
init();
if (aprAvailable) {
try {
initializeSSL();
} catch (Throwable t) {
log.info(sm.getString("aprListener.sslInit"));
}
}
}
} else if (Lifecycle.AFTER_STOP_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
synchronized (lock) {
if (!aprAvailable) {
return;
}
try {
terminateAPR();
} catch (Throwable t) {
log.info(sm.getString("aprListener.aprDestroy"));
}
}
}
}
/**
* The current state of the source component.
*/
private volatile LifecycleState state = LifecycleState.NEW;
public synchronized final void init() throws LifecycleException {
if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
invalidTransition(Lifecycle.INIT_EVENT);
}
initInternal();
setState(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED);
}
@Override
protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
super.initInternal();
// Register global String cache geng
// Note although the cache is global, if there are multiple Servers
// present in the JVM (may happen when embedding) then the same cache
// will be registered under multiple names
onameStringCache = register(new StringCache(), "type=StringCache");
// Register the MBeanFactory
onameMBeanFactory = register(new MBeanFactory(), "type=MBeanFactory");
// Register the naming resources
onameNamingResoucres = register(globalNamingResources,
"type=NamingResources");
// Initialize our defined Services
for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {
services[i].init();
}
}
@Override
protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
// If oname is not null then registration has already happened via jiaan
// preRegister().
if (oname == null) {
mserver = Registry.getRegistry(null, null).getMBeanServer();
oname = register(this, getObjectNameKeyProperties());
}
}
@Override
protected final String getObjectNameKeyProperties() {
return "type=Server";
}
protected final ObjectName register(Object obj,
String objectNameKeyProperties) {
// Construct an object name with the right domain
StringBuilder name = new StringBuilder(getDomain());
name.append(':');
name.append(objectNameKeyProperties);
ObjectName on = null;
try {
on = new ObjectName(name.toString());
Registry.getRegistry(null, null).registerComponent(obj, on, null);
} catch (MalformedObjectNameException e) {
log.warn(sm.getString("lifecycleMBeanBase.registerFail", obj, name),
e);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.warn(sm.getString("lifecycleMBeanBase.registerFail", obj, name),
e);
}
return on;
}
/** Register a component
* XXX make it private
*
* @param bean
* @param oname
* @param type
* @throws Exception
*/
public void registerComponent(Object bean, ObjectName oname, String type)
throws Exception
{
if( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
log.debug( "Managed= "+ oname);
}
if( bean ==null ) {
log.error("Null component " + oname );
return;
}
try {
if( type==null ) {
type=bean.getClass().getName();
}
ManagedBean managed = findManagedBean(bean.getClass(), type);
// The real mbean is created and registered
DynamicMBean mbean = managed.createMBean(bean);
if( getMBeanServer().isRegistered( oname )) {
if( log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Unregistering existing component " + oname );
}
getMBeanServer().unregisterMBean( oname );
}
getMBeanServer().registerMBean( mbean, oname);
} catch( Exception ex) {
log.error("Error registering " + oname, ex );
throw ex;
}
}
@Override
public synchronized final void start() throws LifecycleException {
if (LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP.equals(state) ||
LifecycleState.STARTING.equals(state) ||
LifecycleState.STARTED.equals(state)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
Exception e = new LifecycleException();
log.debug(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted",
toString()), e);
} else if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
log.info(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted",
toString()));
}
return;
}
if (state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
init();
} else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED) &&
!state.equals(LifecycleState.STOPPED)) {
invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT);
}
setState(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP);
try {
startInternal();
} catch (LifecycleException e) {
setState(LifecycleState.FAILED);
throw e;
}
if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED) ||
state.equals(LifecycleState.MUST_STOP)) {
stop();
} else {
// Shouldn't be necessary but acts as a check that sub-classes are
// doing what they are supposed to.
if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.STARTING)) {
invalidTransition(Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT);
}
setState(LifecycleState.STARTED);
}
}
@Override
protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
fireLifecycleEvent(CONFIGURE_START_EVENT, null);
setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
// Start our defined Services
synchronized (services) {
for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {
services[i].start();
}
}
}
图7 使用JMX动态管理Tomcat
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