HttpURLConnection是一种多用途、轻量极的HTTP客户端,使用它来进行HTTP操作可以适用于大多数的应用程序。对于之前为何一直使用HttpClient而不使用HttpURLConnection也是有原因的。具体分析如下
从上面可以看出之前一直使用HttClient是由于HttpURLConnection不稳定导致,那么现在谷歌虽然修复了HttpURLConnection之前存在的一些问题之后,相比HttpClient有什么优势呢?为何要废除HttpClient呢?
private void requestGet(HashMapparamsMap) { try { String baseUrl = "https://xxx.com/getUsers?"; StringBuilder tempParams = new StringBuilder(); int pos = 0; for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) { if (pos > 0) { tempParams.append("&"); } tempParams.append(String.format("%s=%s", key, URLEncoder.encode(paramsMap.get(key),"utf-8"))); pos++; } String requestUrl = baseUrl + tempParams.toString(); // 新建一个URL对象 URL url = new URL(requestUrl); // 打开一个HttpURLConnection连接 HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设置连接主机超时时间 urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); //设置从主机读取数据超时 urlConn.setReadTimeout(5 * 1000); // 设置是否使用缓存 默认是true urlConn.setUseCaches(true); // 设置为Post请求 urlConn.setRequestMethod("GET"); //urlConn设置请求头信息 //设置请求中的媒体类型信息。 urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json"); //设置客户端与服务连接类型 urlConn.addRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); // 开始连接 urlConn.connect(); // 判断请求是否成功 if (urlConn.getResponseCode() == 200) { // 获取返回的数据 String result = streamToString(urlConn.getInputStream()); Log.e(TAG, "Get方式请求成功,result--->" + result); } else { Log.e(TAG, "Get方式请求失败"); } // 关闭连接 urlConn.disconnect(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } }
private void requestPost(HashMapparamsMap) { try { String baseUrl = "https://xxx.com/getUsers"; //合成参数 StringBuilder tempParams = new StringBuilder(); int pos = 0; for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) { if (pos > 0) { tempParams.append("&"); } tempParams.append(String.format("%s=%s", key, URLEncoder.encode(paramsMap.get(key),"utf-8"))); pos++; } String params =tempParams.toString(); // 请求的参数转换为byte数组 byte[] postData = params.getBytes(); // 新建一个URL对象 URL url = new URL(baseUrl); // 打开一个HttpURLConnection连接 HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设置连接超时时间 urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); //设置从主机读取数据超时 urlConn.setReadTimeout(5 * 1000); // Post请求必须设置允许输出 默认false urlConn.setDoOutput(true); //设置请求允许输入 默认是true urlConn.setDoInput(true); // Post请求不能使用缓存 urlConn.setUseCaches(false); // 设置为Post请求 urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST"); //设置本次连接是否自动处理重定向 urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true); // 配置请求Content-Type urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json"); // 开始连接 urlConn.connect(); // 发送请求参数 DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream()); dos.write(postData); dos.flush(); dos.close(); // 判断请求是否成功 if (urlConn.getResponseCode() == 200) { // 获取返回的数据 String result = streamToString(urlConn.getInputStream()); Log.e(TAG, "Post方式请求成功,result--->" + result); } else { Log.e(TAG, "Post方式请求失败"); } // 关闭连接 urlConn.disconnect(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } }
/** * 将输入流转换成字符串 * * @param is 从网络获取的输入流 * @return */ public String streamToString(InputStream is) { try { ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = 0; while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) { baos.write(buffer, 0, len); } baos.close(); is.close(); byte[] byteArray = baos.toByteArray(); return new String(byteArray); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); return null; } }
以上就是HttpConnection的get、post的简单实现,如何实现文件的下载和上传呢?
private void downloadFile(String fileUrl){ try { // 新建一个URL对象 URL url = new URL(fileUrl); // 打开一个HttpURLConnection连接 HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设置连接主机超时时间 urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); //设置从主机读取数据超时 urlConn.setReadTimeout(5 * 1000); // 设置是否使用缓存 默认是true urlConn.setUseCaches(true); // 设置为Post请求 urlConn.setRequestMethod("GET"); //urlConn设置请求头信息 //设置请求中的媒体类型信息。 urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json"); //设置客户端与服务连接类型 urlConn.addRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); // 开始连接 urlConn.connect(); // 判断请求是否成功 if (urlConn.getResponseCode() == 200) { String filePath=""; File descFile = new File(filePath); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(descFile);; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; InputStream inputStream = urlConn.getInputStream(); while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { // 写到本地 fos.write(buffer, 0, len); } } else { Log.e(TAG, "文件下载失败"); } // 关闭连接 urlConn.disconnect(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } }
private void upLoadFile(String filePath, HashMapparamsMap) { try { String baseUrl = "https://xxx.com/uploadFile"; File file = new File(filePath); //新建url对象 URL url = new URL(baseUrl); //通过HttpURLConnection对象,向网络地址发送请求 HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); //设置该连接允许读取 urlConn.setDoOutput(true); //设置该连接允许写入 urlConn.setDoInput(true); //设置不能适用缓存 urlConn.setUseCaches(false); //设置连接超时时间 urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); //设置连接超时时间 //设置读取超时时间 urlConn.setReadTimeout(5 * 1000); //读取超时 //设置连接方法post urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST"); //设置维持长连接 urlConn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive"); //设置文件字符集 urlConn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "UTF-8"); //设置文件类型 urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + "*****"); String name = file.getName(); DataOutputStream requestStream = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream()); requestStream.writeBytes("--" + "*****" + "\r\n"); //发送文件参数信息 StringBuilder tempParams = new StringBuilder(); tempParams.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"; filename=\"" + name + "\"; "); int pos = 0; int size=paramsMap.size(); for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) { tempParams.append( String.format("%s=\"%s\"", key, paramsMap.get(key), "utf-8")); if (pos < size-1) { tempParams.append("; "); } pos++; } tempParams.append("\r\n"); tempParams.append("Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n"); tempParams.append("\r\n"); String params = tempParams.toString(); requestStream.writeBytes(params); //发送文件数据 FileInputStream fileInput = new FileInputStream(file); int bytesRead; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)); while ((bytesRead = in.read(buffer)) != -1) { requestStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); } requestStream.writeBytes("\r\n"); requestStream.flush(); requestStream.writeBytes("--" + "*****" + "--" + "\r\n"); requestStream.flush(); fileInput.close(); int statusCode = urlConn.getResponseCode(); if (statusCode == 200) { // 获取返回的数据 String result = streamToString(urlConn.getInputStream()); Log.e(TAG, "上传成功,result--->" + result); } else { Log.e(TAG, "上传失败"); } } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } }
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>