需求开发中经常会用到很字符串操作的函数,现整理常用函数如下:
函数名: strcpy
功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
用 法: char *strcpy(char *destin, char *source);
示例如下:
#include
#include
int main()
{
char desstr[10];
char *srcstr = "abcdefg";
strcpy(desstr,srcstr);
printf("%s\n",desstr);
}
#include
#include
int main()
{
char temstr [50] = {0};
char *desstr = "123456";
char *srcstr="789";
char *temp = NULL;
strcpy(temstr,desstr);
strcat(temstr,srcstr);
temp = strchr(temstr,'7');
printf("%s",temp);
}
说明:返回首次出现c的位置的指针,返回的地址是被查找字符串指针开始的第一个与Val相同字符的指针,如果s中不存在c则返回NULL。
程序例
#include
#include
int main()
{
char temstr [50] = {0};
char *desstr = "123456";
char *srcstr="789";
strcpy(temstr,desstr);
strcat(temstr,srcstr);
printf("%s",temstr);
}
函数名: strcmp
/*
当s1s2时,返回正数
*/
#include
#include
int main()
{
char string[20];
char str[3][20];
int i;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
gets(str[i]);
if(strcmp(str[0],str[1])>0)
strcpy(string,str[0]);
else
strcpy(string,str[1]);
if(strcmp(str[2],string)>0)
strcpy(string,str[2]);
printf("\nThe largest string is%s\n",string);
return0;
}
#include
#include
int main()
{
char *desstr = "holle ,hi 123";
char *srcstr=",";
int relust = 0;
relust = strcspn(desstr,srcstr);
printf("%d",relust);
}
#include
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";
dup_str = strdup(string);
printf("%sn", dup_str);
free(dup_str);
return 0;
}
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n");
if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n");
if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n");
return 0;
}
指向错误信息的指针(即:错误的描述字符串)。
程序例:
#include
#include
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
FILE*fp;
externinterrno;
char*message;
if(NULL==(fp=fopen("/dev/dsp","r+")))
{
printf("errno=%d\n",errno);
message=strerror(errno);
printf("Mesg:%s\n",message);
}
exit(0);
}
/*
输出:
error=2
Mesg:No such file or direcory
*/
/*
strncmp函数是指定比较size个字符。也就是说,如果字符串s1与s2的前size个字符相同,函数返回值为0。此函数功能即比较字符串str1和str2的前maxlen个字符。如果前maxlen字节完全相等,返回值就=0;在前maxlen字节比较过程中,如果出现str1[n]与str2[n]不等,则依次比较str1和str2的前n位,设i(i
#include
int main(void)
{
char *buf1="aaabbb",*buf2="bbbccc",*buf3="ccc";
int ptr;
ptr=strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
if(ptr>0)
printf("buffer2 is greater than buffer1\n");
elseif(ptr<0)
printf("buffer2 is less than buffer1\n");
ptr=strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
if(ptr>0)
printf("buffer2 is greater than buffer3\n");
elseif(ptr<0)
printf("buffer2 is less than buffer3\n");
return(0);
}
可对比strcpy方法使用;
程序例:
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
char string[10];
char *str1 = "abcdefghi";
strncpy(string, str1, 3);
/*string 中必须保证有足够的空间存储被拷贝进去的字符串*/
string[3] = '';
printf("%sn", string);
return 0;
}
程序例:
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
char string[55]="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char letter='x';
printf("stringbeforestrnset:%s\n",string);
strnset(string,letter,13);
printf("stringafterstrnset:%s\n",string);
return 0;
}
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char *string2 = "onm";
char *ptr;
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);
if (ptr)
printf("strpbrk found first character: %cn", *ptr);
else
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in setn");
return 0;
}
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
printf("The substring is: %sn", ptr);
return 0;
}
函数名: strtod
功 能: 将字符串转换为double型值
用 法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
程序例:
/*
strtod()会扫描参数nptr字符串,跳过前面的空格字符,直到遇上数字或正负符号才开始做转换,到出现非数字或字符串结束时('\0')才结束转换,并将结果返回。若endptr不为NULL,则会将遇到不合条件而终止的nptr中的字符指针由endptr传回。参数nptr字符串可包含正负号、小数点或E(e)来表示指数部分。如123.456或123e-2。
*/
#include
#include
void main()
{
char *endptr;
char a[] = "12345.6789";
char b[] = "1234.567qwer";
char c[] = "-232.23e4";
printf( "a=%lf\n", strtod(a,NULL) );
printf( "b=%lf\n", strtod(b,&endptr) );
printf( "endptr=%s\n", endptr );
printf( "c=%lf\n", strtod(c,NULL) );
}
/*执行:
1
2
3
4
a=12345.678900
b=1234.567000
endptr=qwer
c=-2322300.000000
*/
函数名: strtol
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
long lnumber;
/* strtol converts string to long integer */
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
printf("string = %s long = %ldn", string, lnumber);
return 0;
}
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;
/* converts string to upper case characters */
ptr = strupr(string);
printf("%sn", ptr);
return 0;
}
函数名: swab
#include
#include
#include
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
char target[15];
int main(void)
{
swab(source, target, strlen(source));
printf("This is target: %sn", target);
return 0;
}
当然还有很多欢迎补充!