一 selenium剩余部分
-点击、清除
click、clear
-Action Chains
是一个动作链对象，需要把driver驱动传给它
动作链对象可以操作一系列设定好的动作行为
-frame的切换
driver.switch_to_frame('iframeResult')
-执行js代码
execute_script()
二 BeautifulSoup4(BS4)
1.什么是BeautifulSoup？
BS4是一个解析库，可以通过某种解析器来帮我们提取想要的数据
2.为什么使用BS4？
因为它通过简洁的语法快速提取用户想要的数据
3.解析器分类
-lhtml
-html.parser
4.安装与使用
安装解析器：
pip3 install lxml
安装解析库:
pip3 install bs4
普及知识点：
数据格式：
json数据:
{
"name":"wn"
}
XML数据
生成器：
def f():
#return 1
yield 1
yield 2
yield 3
g = f()
print(g)
for line in g:
print(line)
ActionChains查找内容并清空输入框 from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys # 键盘按键操作 from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait # 等待页面加载某些元素 import time driver = webdriver.Chrome() try: driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get('https://www.jd.com/') time.sleep(5) #点击、清除 input = driver.find_element_by_id('key') input.send_keys('围城') #通过class查找搜索按钮 search = driver.find_element_by_class_name('button') time.sleep(3) input2 = driver.find_element_by_id('key') input2.clear() #清空输入框 time.sleep(1) input2.send_keys('墨菲定律') input2.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) time.sleep(10) finally: driver.close()
滑块移动 ''' 方式一 ''' from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys # 键盘按键操作 from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait # 等待页面加载某些元素 import time driver = webdriver.Chrome() try: driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable') time.sleep(5) #遗弃 #driver.switch_to_frame() #新方式 driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') time.sleep(1) #获取动作链对象 action = ActionChains(driver) #起始方块id：draggable source = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable') #目标方块id：droppable target = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable') #起始方块瞬间移动到目标方块 #拟定好一个动作，需要调用执行方法 action.drag_and_drop(source, target).perform() time.sleep(10) finally: driver.close() ''' 方式二 ''' from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys # 键盘按键操作 from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait # 等待页面加载某些元素 import time driver = webdriver.Chrome() try: driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable') time.sleep(5) # 遗弃方法 # driver.switch_to_frame() # 新方法 driver.switch_to_frame('iframeResult') time.sleep(1) # 起始方块id：draggable source = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable') # 目标方块id：droppable target = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable') print(source.size) #大小 print(source.tag_name) #标签名 print(source.text) #文本 print(source.location) #坐标：x与y轴 # 找到滑动距离 distance = target.location['x']-source.location['x'] # 按住起始滑块 ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(source).perform() # 方式二：一点一点移动 s = 0 while s < distance: # 获取动作链对象 # 每一次位移s距离 ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2,yoffset=0).perform() s += 2 time.sleep(0.1) # 松开起始滑块 ActionChains(driver).release().perform() time.sleep(10) finally: driver.close()
''' 执行js代码 ''' from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys # 键盘按键操作 from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait # 等待页面加载某些元素 import time driver = webdriver.Chrome() try: driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get('http://www.baidu.com/') driver.execute_script( ''' alert("浙江万里") ''' ) time.sleep(10) finally: driver.close()
''' 模拟浏览器的前进后退 ''' import time from selenium import webdriver browser = webdriver.Chrome() browser.get('https://www.baidu.com') browser.get('https://www.taobao.com') browser.get('http://www.sina.com.cn/') #回退 browser.back() time.sleep(5) #前进 browser.forward() time.sleep(5) browser.close()
爬京东 ''' 初级版 ''' import time from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() try: driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 往京东发送请求 driver.get('https://www.jd.com/') # 往京东主页输入框输入墨菲定律，按回车键 input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key') input_tag.send_keys('墨菲定律') input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) time.sleep(5) # js_code = ''' # window, # ''' good_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item') for good in good_list: # print(good) # 商品名称 good_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name em').text # print(good_name) # 商品链接 good_url = good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name a').get_attribute('href') # print(good_url) # 商品价格 good_price = good.find_element_by_class_name('p-price').text # print(good_price) # 商品评价 good_commit = good.find_element_by_class_name('p-commit').text # print(good_commit) good_content = f''' 商品名称：{good_name} 商品链接：{good_url} 商品价格：{good_price} 商品评价：{good_commit} \n ''' print(good_content) with open('jd.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(good_content) print('商品信息写入成功!') finally: driver.close() ''' 升级版 ''' import time from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() num = 1 try: driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 往京东发送请求 driver.get('https://www.jd.com/') # 往京东主页输入框输入墨菲定律，按回车键 input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key') input_tag.send_keys('墨菲定律') input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) time.sleep(5) js_code = ''' window.scrollTo(0, 5000) ''' driver.execute_script(js_code) #等待5秒，等待商品数据加载 time.sleep(5) good_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item') for good in good_list: # print(good) # 商品名称 good_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name em').text # print(good_name) # 商品链接 good_url = good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name a').get_attribute('href') # print(good_url) # 商品价格 good_price = good.find_element_by_class_name('p-price').text # print(good_price) # 商品评价 good_commit = good.find_element_by_class_name('p-commit').text # print(good_commit) good_content = f''' num:{num} 商品名称：{good_name} 商品链接：{good_url} 商品价格：{good_price} 商品评价：{good_commit} \n ''' print(good_content) with open('jd.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(good_content) num += 1 print('商品信息写入成功!') #找到下一页并点击 next_tag = driver.find_element_by_class_name('pn-next') next_tag.click() time.sleep(5) finally: driver.close() ''' 狂暴版 ''' import time from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys def get_good(driver): num = 1 try: time.sleep(5) # 下拉滑动5000px js_code = ''' window.scrollTo(0, 5000) ''' driver.execute_script(js_code) # 等待5秒，待商品数据加载 time.sleep(5) good_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item') for good in good_list: # 商品名称 good_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name em').text # 商品链接 good_url = good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name a').get_attribute('href') # 商品价格 good_price = good.find_element_by_class_name('p-price').text # 商品评价 good_commit = good.find_element_by_class_name('p-commit').text good_content = f''' num: {num} 商品名称: {good_name} 商品链接: {good_url} 商品价格: {good_price} 商品评价: {good_commit} \n ''' print(good_content) with open('jd.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(good_content) num += 1 print('商品信息写入成功!') # 找到下一页并点击 next_tag = driver.find_element_by_class_name('pn-next') next_tag.click() time.sleep(5) # 递归调用函数本身 get_good(driver) finally: driver.close() if __name__ == '__main__': driver = webdriver.Chrome() try: driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 往京东发送请求 driver.get('https://www.jd.com/') # 往京东主页输入框输入墨菲定律，按回车键 input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key') input_tag.send_keys('墨菲定律') input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) # 调用获取商品信息函数 get_good(driver) finally: driver.close()
BeautifulSoup基本使用 ''' 安装解析器： pip3 install lxml 安装解析库: pip3 install bs4 ''' html_doc = """The Dormouse's story $37
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were Elsie, Lacie and Tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
""" from bs4 import BeautifulSoup #python自带的解析库 soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser') #调用bs4得到一个soup对象 soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'lxml') #bs4对象 print(soup) #bs4类型 print(type(soup)) #美化功能 html = soup.prettify() print(html)
遍历文档树 html_doc = """The Dormouse's story $37
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were Elsie, Lacie and Tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
""" from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'lxml') # print(soup) # print(type(soup)) #1、直接使用 ***** print(soup.html) print(type(soup.html)) print(soup.a) print(soup.p) # 2、获取标签的名称 print(soup.a.name) # 3、获取标签的属性 ***** print(soup.a.attrs) #获取a标签里的内容 print(soup.a.attrs['href']) # 4、获取标签文本的内容 ***** print(soup.p.text) #$37 # 5、嵌套选择 print(soup.html.body.p) # 6、子节点、子孙节点 print(soup.p.children) #返回迭代器对象 print(list(soup.p.children)) #[$37] # 7、父节点、祖先节点 print(soup.b.parent) print(soup.b.parents) def f(): #return 1 yield 1 yield 2 yield 3 g = f() print(g) for line in g: print(line) # 8、兄弟节点 （sibling: 兄弟姐妹） print(soup.a) # 获取下一个兄弟节点 print(soup.a.next_sibling) # 获取下一个的所有兄弟节点,返回的是一个生成器 print(soup.a.next_siblings) print(list(soup.a.next_siblings)) # 获取上一个兄弟节点 print(soup.a.previous_sibling) # 获取上一个的所有兄弟节点，返回的是一个生成器 print(list(soup.a.previous_siblings))
搜索文档树 ''' 标签查找与属性查找: 标签: - 字符串过滤器 字符串全局匹配 name 属性匹配 name 标签名 attrs 属性查找匹配 text 文本匹配 - 正则过滤器 re模块匹配 - 列表过滤器 列表内的数据匹配 - bool过滤器 True匹配 - 方法过滤器 用于一些要的属性以及不需要的属性查找。 属性: - class_ - id ''' html_doc = """The Dormouse's story $37
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names wereElsieLacie andTillieand they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
""" from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'lxml') # name 标签名 # attrs 属性查找匹配 # text 文本匹配 # find与find_all搜索文档 ''' 字符串过滤器 ''' p = soup.find(name='div') p_s= soup.find_all(name='p') print(p) print(p_s) #name + attrs p = soup.find(name='p', attrs={"id": "p"}) print(p) #name + text tag = soup.find(name='title', text="The Dormouse's story") print(tag) #name + attrs + text tag = soup.find(name='a', attrs={"class":"sister"}) print(tag) ''' - 正则过滤器 re模块匹配 name ''' import re # 根据re模块匹配带有a的节点 a=soup.find(name=re.compile('a')) print(a) a_s=soup.find_all(name=re.compile('a')) print(a_s) #attrs a=soup.find(attrs={"id":re.compile('link')}) print(a) # - 列表过滤器 # 列表内的数据匹配 print(soup.find(name=['a', 'p', 'html', re.compile('a')])) print(soup.find_all(name=['a', 'p', 'html', re.compile('a')])) # - bool过滤器 # True匹配 print(soup.find(name=(name=True, attrs={"id": True}) # - 方法过滤器 # 用于一些要的属性以及不需要的属性查找。 def have_id_not_class(tag): #print(tag.name) if tag.name == 'p' and tag.has_attr("id") and tag.has_attr("class"): return tag #print(soup.find_all(name=函数对象)) print(soup.find_all(name=have_id_not_class)) #补充知识点： #id a = soup.find(id='link2') print(a) #class p = soup.find(class_='sister') print(p)