php中foreach源码分析(编译原理)

php中foreach源码分析(编译原理)

一、总结

编译原理(lex and yacc)的知识 

 

二、php中foreach源码分析

foreach是PHP中很常用的一个用作数组循环的控制语句。
因为它的方便和易用,自然也就在后端隐藏着很复杂的具体实现方式(对用户透明)
今天,我们就来一起分析分析,foreach是如何实现数组(对象)的遍历的。
本节内容涉及到较多编译原理(lex and yacc)的知识,所以如果您觉得看不太懂,可以先找相关的资料看看。

我们知道PHP是一个脚本语言,也就是说,用户编写的PHP代码最终都是会被PHP解释器解释执行,
特别的,对于PHP来说,所有的用户编写的PHP代码,都会被翻译成PHP的虚拟机ZE的虚拟指令(OPCODES)来执行(参看:深入理解PHP原理之Opcodes).

不论细节的话,就是说,我们所编写的任何PHP脚本,都会最终被翻译成一条条的指令,从而根据指令,由相应的C编写的函数来执行。

那么foreach会被翻译成什么样子呢?

  1. foreach($arr as $key => $val){
  2.      echo $key . '=>' . $val . "\n";
  3. }

在词法分析阶段,foreach会被识别为一个TOKEN:T_FOREACH,
在语法分析阶段,会被规则:

  1.   unticked_statement: //没有被绑定ticks的语句
  2.      //有省略
  3.     | T_FOREACH '(' variable T_AS
  4.         { zend_do_foreach_begin(&$1, &$2, &$3, &$4, 1 TSRMLS_CC); }
  5.         foreach_variable foreach_optional_arg ')' { zend_do_foreach_cont(&$1, &$2, &$4, &$6, &$7 TSRMLS_CC); }
  6.         foreach_statement { zend_do_foreach_end(&$1, &$4 TSRMLS_CC); }
  7.     | T_FOREACH '(' expr_without_variable T_AS
  8.         { zend_do_foreach_begin(&$1, &$2, &$3, &$4, 0 TSRMLS_CC); }
  9.         variable foreach_optional_arg ')' { zend_check_writable_variable(&$6); zend_do_foreach_cont(&$1, &$2, &$4, &$6, &$7 TSRMLS_CC); }
  10.         foreach_statement { zend_do_foreach_end(&$1, &$4 TSRMLS_CC); }
  11.      //有省略
  12. ;

仔细分析这段语法规则,我们可以发现,对于:
foreach($arr as $key => $val){
echo $key . ‘=>’ . $val .”\n”;
}

会被分析为:

  1.      T_FOREACH '(' variable T_AS { zend_do_foreach_begin('foreach', '(', $arr, 'as', 1 TSRMLS_CC); }
  2.     foreach_variable foreach_optional_arg(T_DOUBLE_ARROW foreach_variable) ')' { zend_do_foreach_cont('foreach', '(', 'as', $key, $val TSRMLS_CC); }
  3.     foreach_satement {zend_do_foreach_end('foreach', 'as');}

然后,让我们来看看foreach_statement:
它其实就是一个代码块,体现了我们的 echo $key . ‘=>’ . $val .”\n”;
T_ECHO expr;

显然,实现foreach的核心就是如下3个函数:
zend_do_foreach_begin
zend_do_foreach_cont
zend_do_foreach_end

其中,zend_do_foreach_begin (代码太长,直接写伪码) 主要做了:
1. 记录当前的opline行数(为以后跳转而记录)
2. 对数组进行RESET(讲内部指针指向第一个元素)
3. 获取临时变量 ($val)
4. 设置获取变量的OPCODE FE_FETCH,结果存第3步的临时变量
4. 记录获取变量的OPCODES的行数

而对于 zend_do_foreach_cont来说:
1. 根据foreach_variable的u.EA.type来判断是否引用
2. 根据是否引用来调整zend_do_foreach_begin中生成的FE_FETCH方式
3. 根据zend_do_foreach_begin中记录的取变量的OPCODES的行数,来初始化循环(主要处理在循环内部的循环:do_begin_loop)

最后zend_do_foreach_end:
1. 根据zend_do_foreach_begin中记录的行数信息,设置ZEND_JMP OPCODES
2. 根据当前行数,设置循环体下一条opline, 用以跳出循环
3. 结束循环(处理循环内循环:do_end_loop)
4. 清理临时变量

当然, 在zend_do_foreach_cont 和 zend_do_foreach_end之间 会在语法分析阶段被填充foreach_satement的语句代码。

这样,就实现了foreach的OPCODES line。
比如对于我们开头的实例代码,最终生成的OPCODES是:

  1. filename: /home/huixinchen/foreach.php
  2. function name: (null)
  3. number of ops: 17
  4. compiled vars: !0 = $arr, !1 = $key, !2 = $val
  5. line # op fetch ext return operands
  6. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  7.    2 0 SEND_VAL 1
  8.          1 SEND_VAL 100
  9.          2 DO_FCALL 2 'range'
  10.          3 ASSIGN !0, $0
  11.    3 4 FE_RESET $2 !0, ->14
  12.          5 FE_FETCH $3 $2, ->14
  13.          6 ZEND_OP_DATA ~5
  14.          7 ASSIGN !2, $3
  15.          8 ASSIGN !1, ~5
  16.    4 9 CONCAT ~7 !1, '-'
  17.         10 CONCAT ~8 ~7, !2
  18.         11 CONCAT ~9 ~8, '%0A'
  19.         12 ECHO ~9
  20.    5 13 JMP ->5
  21.         14 SWITCH_FREE $2
  22.    7 15 RETURN 1
  23.         16* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION

我们注意到FE_FETCH的op2的操作数是14,也就是JMP后一条opline,也就是说,在获取完最后一个数组元素以后,FE_FETCH失败的情况下,会跳到第14行opline,从而实现了循环的结束。
而15行opline的op1的操作数是指向了FE_FETCH,也就是无条件跳转到第5行opline,从而实现了循环。

附录:

  1. void zend_do_foreach_begin(znode *foreach_token, znode *open_brackets_token, znode *array, znode *as_token, int variable TSRMLS_DC)
  2. {
  3.     zend_op *opline;
  4.     zend_bool is_variable;
  5.     zend_bool push_container = 0;
  6.     zend_op dummy_opline;
  7.  
  8.     if (variable) {
  9.           //是否是匿名数组
  10.         if (zend_is_function_or_method_call(array)) {
  11.                //是否是函数返回值
  12.             is_variable = 0;
  13.         } else {
  14.             is_variable = 1;
  15.         }
  16.         /* 使用括号记录FE_RESET的opline行数 */
  17.         open_brackets_token->u.opline_num = get_next_op_number(CG(active_op_array));
  18.         zend_do_end_variable_parse(BP_VAR_W, 0 TSRMLS_CC); //获取数组/对象和zend_do_begin_variable_parse对应
  19.         if (CG(active_op_array)->last > 0 &&
  20.             CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[CG(active_op_array)->last-1].opcode == ZEND_FETCH_OBJ_W) {
  21.             /* Only lock the container if we are fetching from a real container and not $this */
  22.             if (CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[CG(active_op_array)->last-1].op1.op_type == IS_VAR) {
  23.                 CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[CG(active_op_array)->last-1].extended_value |= ZEND_FETCH_ADD_LOCK;
  24.                 push_container = 1;
  25.             }
  26.         }
  27.     } else {
  28.         is_variable = 0;
  29.         open_brackets_token->u.opline_num = get_next_op_number(CG(active_op_array));
  30.     }
  31.  
  32.     foreach_token->u.opline_num = get_next_op_number(CG(active_op_array)); //记录数组Reset Opline number
  33.  
  34.     opline = get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC); //生成Reset数组Opcode
  35.  
  36.     opline->opcode = ZEND_FE_RESET;
  37.     opline->result.op_type = IS_VAR;
  38.     opline->result.u.var = get_temporary_variable(CG(active_op_array));
  39.     opline->op1 = *array;
  40.     SET_UNUSED(opline->op2);
  41.     opline->extended_value = is_variable ? ZEND_FE_RESET_VARIABLE : 0;
  42.  
  43.     dummy_opline.result = opline->result;
  44.     if (push_container) {
  45.         dummy_opline.op1 = CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[CG(active_op_array)->last-2].op1;
  46.     } else {
  47.         znode tmp;
  48.  
  49.         tmp.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
  50.         dummy_opline.op1 = tmp;
  51.     }
  52.     zend_stack_push(&CG(foreach_copy_stack), (void *) &dummy_opline, sizeof(zend_op));
  53.  
  54.     as_token->u.opline_num = get_next_op_number(CG(active_op_array)); //记录循环起始点
  55.  
  56.     opline = get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC);
  57.     opline->opcode = ZEND_FE_FETCH;
  58.     opline->result.op_type = IS_VAR;
  59.     opline->result.u.var = get_temporary_variable(CG(active_op_array));
  60.     opline->op1 = dummy_opline.result; //被操作数组
  61.     opline->extended_value = 0;
  62.     SET_UNUSED(opline->op2);
  63.  
  64.     opline = get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC);
  65.     opline->opcode = ZEND_OP_DATA; //当使用key的时候附属操作数,当foreach中不包含key时忽略
  66.     SET_UNUSED(opline->op1);
  67.     SET_UNUSED(opline->op2);
  68.     SET_UNUSED(opline->result);
  69. }
  1. void zend_do_foreach_cont(znode *foreach_token, const znode *open_brackets_token, const znode *as_token, znode *value, znode *key TSRMLS_DC)
  2. {
  3.     zend_op *opline;
  4.     znode dummy, value_node;
  5.     zend_bool assign_by_ref=0;
  6.  
  7.     opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[as_token->u.opline_num]; //获取FE_FETCH Opline
  8.     if (key->op_type != IS_UNUSED) {
  9.         znode *tmp;//交换key和val
  10.  
  11.         tmp = key;
  12.         key = value;
  13.         value = tmp;
  14.  
  15.         opline->extended_value |= ZEND_FE_FETCH_WITH_KEY; //表明需要同时获取key和val
  16.     }
  17.  
  18.     if ((key->op_type != IS_UNUSED) && (key->u.EA.type & ZEND_PARSED_REFERENCE_VARIABLE)) {
  19.           //key不能以引用方式获取
  20.         zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Key element cannot be a reference");
  21.     }
  22.  
  23.     if (value->u.EA.type & ZEND_PARSED_REFERENCE_VARIABLE) {
  24.           //以引用方式获取值
  25.         assign_by_ref = 1;
  26.         if (!(opline-1)->extended_value) {
  27.                //根据FE_FETCH的上一条Opline也就是获取数组的扩展值来判断数组是否是匿名数组
  28.             zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot create references to elements of a temporary array expression");
  29.         }
  30.  
  31.         opline->extended_value |= ZEND_FE_FETCH_BYREF; //指明按引用取
  32.         CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[foreach_token->u.opline_num].extended_value |= ZEND_FE_RESET_REFERENCE; //重置原数组
  33.     } else {
  34.         zend_op *foreach_copy;
  35.         zend_op *fetch = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[foreach_token->u.opline_num];
  36.         zend_op *end = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[open_brackets_token->u.opline_num];
  37.  
  38.         /* Change "write context" into "read context" */
  39.         fetch->extended_value = 0; /* reset ZEND_FE_RESET_VARIABLE */
  40.         while (fetch != end) {
  41.             --fetch;
  42.             if (fetch->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_DIM_W && fetch->op2.op_type == IS_UNUSED) {
  43.                 zend_error(E_COMPILE_ERROR, "Cannot use [] for reading");
  44.             }
  45.             fetch->opcode -= 3; /* FETCH_W -> FETCH_R */
  46.         }
  47.  
  48.         /* prevent double SWITCH_FREE */
  49.         zend_stack_top(&CG(foreach_copy_stack), (void **) &foreach_copy);
  50.         foreach_copy->op1.op_type = IS_UNUSED;
  51.     }
  52.  
  53.     value_node = opline->result;
  54.  
  55.     if (assign_by_ref) {
  56.         zend_do_end_variable_parse(value, BP_VAR_W, 0 TSRMLS_CC); //获取值(引用)
  57.         zend_do_assign_ref(NULL, value, &value_node TSRMLS_CC);//指明value node的type是IS_VAR
  58.     } else {
  59.         zend_do_assign(&dummy, value, &value_node TSRMLS_CC); //获取copy值
  60.         zend_do_free(&dummy TSRMLS_CC);
  61.     }
  62.  
  63.     if (key->op_type != IS_UNUSED) {
  64.         znode key_node;
  65.  
  66.         opline = &CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[as_token->u.opline_num+1];
  67.         opline->result.op_type = IS_TMP_VAR;
  68.         opline->result.u.EA.type = 0;
  69.         opline->result.u.opline_num = get_temporary_variable(CG(active_op_array));
  70.         key_node = opline->result;
  71.  
  72.         zend_do_assign(&dummy, key, &key_node TSRMLS_CC);
  73.         zend_do_free(&dummy TSRMLS_CC);
  74.     }
  75.  
  76.     do_begin_loop(TSRMLS_C);
  77.     INC_BPC(CG(active_op_array));
  78. }
    1. void zend_do_foreach_end(znode *foreach_token, znode *as_token TSRMLS_DC)
    2. {
    3.     zend_op *container_ptr;
    4.     zend_op *opline = get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC); //生成JMP opcode
    5.  
    6.     opline->opcode = ZEND_JMP;
    7.     opline->op1.u.opline_num = as_token->u.opline_num; //设置JMP到FE_FETCH opline行
    8.     SET_UNUSED(opline->op1);
    9.     SET_UNUSED(opline->op2);
    10.  
    11.     CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[foreach_token->u.opline_num].op2.u.opline_num = get_next_op_number(CG(active_op_array)); //设置跳出循环的opline行
    12.     CG(active_op_array)->opcodes[as_token->u.opline_num].op2.u.opline_num = get_next_op_number(CG(active_op_array)); //同上
    13.  
    14.     do_end_loop(as_token->u.opline_num, 1 TSRMLS_CC); //为循环嵌套而设置
    15.  
    16.     zend_stack_top(&CG(foreach_copy_stack), (void **) &container_ptr);
    17.     generate_free_foreach_copy(container_ptr TSRMLS_CC);
    18.     zend_stack_del_top(&CG(foreach_copy_stack));
    19.  
    20.     DEC_BPC(CG(active_op_array)); //为PHP interactive模式而设置
    21. }

 

你可能感兴趣的:(php中foreach源码分析(编译原理))