Docker Compose进行多容器创建与日常维护

使用docker compose部署服务

谈到微服务的话题，技术上我们往往会涉及到多服务、多容器的部署与管理。 
Docker 有三个主要的作用：Build, Ship和Run。使用docker compose我们可以在Run的层面解决很多实际问题，如：通过创建compose(基于YUML语法)文件，在这个文件上面描述应用的架构，如使用什么镜像、数据卷、网络、绑定服务端口等等，然后再用一条命令就可以管理所有的服务（如启动、停止、重启、日志监控等等）。 
本文通过发布3个APP(App1,App2,App3），来演示Docker在服务发布、网络、共享分区以及信息隔离与连通方面的工作： 
1.安装Compose:

[root@docker ~]# curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.9.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose version

docker-compose version 1.9.0, build 2585387

docker-py version: 1.10.6

CPython version: 2.7.9

OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1t 3 May 2016

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  2.服务物理框架 
  

  说明： 
  a.Container1和2共在一个network namespace（netName1)内，Container3独立network namespace(netName2) 
  b.Container1挂载了一个系统卷（/opt/conf)到/mnt 
  c.Container3挂载了一个系统卷（./app/web)到/usr/share/nginx/html 
  c.Container1,2,3 nginx监听端口分别为:8080,8081,8082

  3.docker-compose.yml 内容

  [root@docker compose]# more docker-compose.yml

  version: '2'

  services:

  App1:

  image: nginx

  ports:

  - "8080:80"

  networks:

  - "netName1"

  volumes:

  - /opt/conf/:/mnt

  App2:

  image: nginx

  ports:

  - "8081:80"

  networks:

  - "netName1"

  volumes:

  - /opt/conf/:/mnt

  App3:

  image: nginx

  ports:

  - "8082:80"

  networks:

  - "netName2"

  networks:

  netName1:

  driver: bridge

  netName2:

  driver: bridge

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  4.运行

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose up

  Creating network "compose_netName1" with driver "bridge"

  Creating network "compose_netName2" with driver "bridge"

  Creating volume "compose_vol1" with local driver

  Creating compose_App2_1

  Creating compose_App1_1

  Creating compose_App3_1

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  在后台运行：[root@docker compose]# docker-compose up -d

  5.查看容器运行状态

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose ps

  Name Command State Ports

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  compose_App1_1 nginx -g daemon off; Up 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp

  compose_App2_1 nginx -g daemon off; Up 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp

  compose_App3_1 nginx -g daemon off; Up 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8082->80/tcp

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  其他命令：

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose restart #重启所有容器

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose restart App1 #重启App1

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose stop #停止所有容器

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose stop App1 #停止App1

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  6.验证网络隔离： 
  a.到App1 ping App2

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App1 bash

  root@dd01fa7315ae:/# ping App2

  PING App2 (172.18.0.3): 56 data bytes

  64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms

  64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms

  64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms

  64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms

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  成功ping通 
  b.到App2 ping App1和App3

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App2 bash

  root@1905b2a875e3:/# ping App1

  PING App1 (172.18.0.2): 56 data bytes

  64 bytes from 172.18.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms

  64 bytes from 172.18.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.089 ms

  64 bytes from 172.18.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms

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  App2 to App3-成功

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App3 bash

  root@595f744e8634:/# ping App1

  PING App1 (172.31.213.13): 56 data bytes

  ....#App3 to App1失败

  root@595f744e8634:/# ping App2

  PING App2 (172.31.213.13): 56 data bytes

  ....#App3 to App2失败

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  7.验证共享卷 
  a. 在host /opt/conf/ 目录下新建nginx.conf 文件

  [root@docker conf]# pwd

  /opt/conf

  [root@docker conf]# touch nginx.conf

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  b.登录到App1 和App2查看

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App1 bash

  root@49d702fc8606:/# cd /mmt

  root@49d702fc8606:/mnt# ls

  nginx.conf#成功挂载

  [root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App2 bash

  root@1d161428d4dd:/# cd /mnt

  root@1d161428d4dd:/mnt# ls

  nginx.conf#成功挂载

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  c. 在App3中挂载文件到nginx 
  修改docker-compose.yml App3:

  App3:

  image: nginx

  volumes:

  - ./app/web/:/usr/share/nginx/html

  ports:

  - "8082:80"

  networks:

  - "netName2"

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  在host ./app/web 中添加 app3.html

  [root@docker web]# app3.html

  [root@docker web]# ls

  app3.html

  [root@docker web]# more app3.html

  <html>

  <head>

  <meta charset="utf-8">

  <title>Welcome to leonyan's home, this is app3title>

  head>

  <body>

  Welcome to leonyan's home, this is app3!

  body>

  html>

   

  [root@docker compose]# cd app/web/

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  访问App3 nginx： 
  

  8.总结 
  本文演示了通过 Docker Compose进行多容器创建，以及容器间服务的管理，如网络隔离、卷数据共享。以及对容器的日常管理。