Nouns and Pronouns
名词和代词
Nouns
名词
Anounis aperson,placeorthing.
一个名词可以是人物、地点或者物品
Anouncan be aperson.
一个名词可以是人物
例如：
my mother
John Smith
Ms. Lee
Billy
Barack Obama
Anouncan be aplace.
一个名词可以是一个地点
例如：
Shenzhen
my house
our neighborhood
France
Anouncan also be athing.
一个名词也可以是一个物品
例如：
potato
car
shirt
pencil
Beijing National Stadium
Proper Nouns
Somenounsareproper nouns.
一些名词是特指名词
Proper nounsalways begin with acapital letter.
特指名词的首字母通常需要大写
They are the names ofspecificpeople,places or things.
特指的人物、地点或者物品
例如：
BobJohnson
China
September
Common Nouns
普通名词
Common nounsrefer to a person, place or thingin a general sense.
普通名词指一般意义上的人物、地点或者物品。
Theydo notstart with acapital
letter, unless they are the first word of a sentence.
这些名词不需要讲首字母大写
例如：
workers
city
cheese
Countable Nouns
可数名词
Countable nounsare nouns that can be counted, e.g. apple, book, chair.
可数名词指可以被数出数量的名词。
Countable nounscan besingular(apple) orplural(apples).
Most singular nouns can be made plural byadding an -s.
大多数可数名词的复数形式在单词后面加s
例如：
one dog>two dogs
one apple>two apples
one house>two houses
If the countable noun ends in -ch, -x or-s, we need to add -es to make it plural.
如果可数名词以-ch/-x/-s结尾我们需要在后面加es
例如：
one bus>two buses
one box>three boxes
one church>four churches
If a countable noun ends with a consonantand then -y, we can make it plural by changing the -y to -ies.
如果可数名词以y结尾我们需要去掉结尾的y在后面加ies
例如：
baby>babies
family>families
Irregular Countable Nouns
不规则的可数名词
Some countable nouns do not follow theserules.
一些可数名词不按照以上规则
Some common ones are:
例如：
man>men
woman>women
child>children
person>people
Uncountable Nouns
不可数名词：
Some nouns are uncountable.
一些名词是不可数名词
These are words that we do not count, suchas:
一些名词是不可以被数出数量的
例如：
rice
water
milk
advice
We don’t count these because they areeither made up of many small things (rice)
不可数是因为有些物品是由很多小的物品组成的例如：rice
or are impossible to count (water).
或者不能被数例如：water
So we don’t say two rices or three waters,but …
我们不能说两个米饭或者三个水但是
We can say twograins ofrice or
我们可以说两粒米或者
threeglasses ofwater.
三杯水
Pronouns
代词
A pronoun is a word we use to replace anoun
一个代词可以被代指一个名词.
The two most common types of pronouns aresubject
pronounsandobject pronouns.
代词有两种形式，主格和宾格
Subject Pronouns
主格
例如：
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
Subjective pronouns act as the subject of asentence.
主格用于一句话主语位置
Theyperform the action of the verb.
主格主导一个动作的动词
例如：
Ithrow theball.
Shedroppedthe pen.
Theymake alot of noise.
Object Pronouns
宾格
例如：
me
you
him
her
it
them
us
Object pronouns act as the object of asentence.
宾格
They receive the action of the verb.
宾格被一个动词所主导
例如：
Bill gavemea peanut.
Joe takes the ball fromher.
I talked tohim.