目前主流的CS结构,数据都是通过RESTful风格接口形式呈现,不管是桌面级应用程序还是手机端,接口是我们获取数据的大多数选择,
主流数据接口呈现形式主要是Json和Xml,后者目前基本渐行渐远。Json的轻量级和可读型成为了大多数公司及个人开发者的第一选择。
主流公司在编写数据接口时大多通过框架实现,如RESTEasy、Retrofit等,在这里通过简单的java web代码写一个简单的接口项目例子供大家参考,后附项目源代码。
实现步骤
在Eclipse中新建项目JsonTest项目,项目结构如下,
此处主要用到的类只有几个,其他类为Json测试用类,此处可以忽略。
在lib下导入或在maven中引用gson-2.6.2.jar包和servlet-api.jar包。
gson此处用于将持久化对象解析为Json,或将Json序列化为对象。
servlet-api用于servlet相关类创建及API运用。
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关于gson,是Google开源项目下的一个Java Json解析工具包,具体使用及详细信息可以看这篇文章:Gson简要使用
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步骤一:新建测试用Model类
新建新闻测试类News,主要用于数据模型测试显示,Json转换测试等,代码如下:
- import java.util.Date;
-
- public class News {
-
- private int nId; // 新闻ID
- private String title; // 新闻标题
- private String content; // 新闻内容
- private String date; // 新闻发布日期
- private String url; //新闻地址
- private Date nDate; // 新闻日期,Date类型
-
- public News(int nId, String title, String content, String date, String url) {
- this.nId = nId;
- this.title = title;
- this.content = content;
- this.date = date;
- this.url = url;
- }
-
- public News() {
- }
-
- public News(int nId, String title, String content, Date nDate, String url) {
- this.nId = nId;
- this.title = title;
- this.content = content;
- this.nDate = nDate;
- this.url = url;
- }
-
-
-
- public String getUrl() {
- return url;
- }
-
- public void setUrl(String url) {
- this.url = url;
- }
-
- public Date getnDate() {
- return nDate;
- }
-
- public void setnDate(Date nDate) {
- this.nDate = nDate;
- }
-
- public int getnId() {
- return nId;
- }
-
- public void setnId(int nId) {
- this.nId = nId;
- }
-
- public String getTitle() {
- return title;
- }
-
- public void setTitle(String title) {
- this.title = title;
- }
-
- public String getContent() {
- return content;
- }
-
- public void setContent(String content) {
- this.content = content;
- }
-
- public String getDate() {
- return date;
- }
-
- public void setDate(String date) {
- this.date = date;
- }
-
- }
新建分页测试类NewTotal,主要用于Json分页显示,代码如下:
- import java.util.List;
-
- public class NewTotal {
- private int total; //新闻数量
- private List<News> rows; //新闻列表
-
-
- public NewTotal() {
- }
- public NewTotal(int total, List<News> rows) {
- this.total = total;
- this.rows = rows;
- }
- public int getTotal() {
- return total;
- }
- public void setTotal(int total) {
- this.total = total;
- }
- public List<News> getRows() {
- return rows;
- }
- public void setRows(List<News> rows) {
- this.rows = rows;
- }
-
-
- }
步骤二:添加测试用Action和JSP界面
新建JsonServlet,继承自HttpServlet,具体代码详解已经在代码中注释:
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
-
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
- import com.google.gson.Gson;
- import com.test.model.NewTotal;
- import com.test.model.News;
-
- public class JsonServlet extends HttpServlet {
-
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- // 创建多个新闻类,模拟从数据库获取数据,可将此处改为用JDBC从数据库读取数据
- News new1 = new News(110, "日本地震", "日本福田发生了7级地震", "2016-5-16 10:22:20",
- "http://world.huanqiu.com/exclusive/2016-05/8974294.html");
- News new2 = new News(111, "Apple库克第八次访华", "近日库克第八次访华,与滴滴高层会谈", "2016-5-16 10:22:20",
- "http://mobile.163.com/16/0523/09/BNO7SG2B001168BQ.html");
- News new3 = new News(113, "Google I/O大会开幕", "Google开发者大会即将举办,是否推出Android7.0?", "2016-5-16 10:22:20",
- "http://www.ithome.com/html/android/227647.htm");
- News new4 = new News(114, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20",
- "http://news.mydrivers.com/1/484/484072.htm");
- News new5 = new News(115, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new6 = new News(116, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new7 = new News(117, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new8 = new News(118, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new9 = new News(119, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new10 = new News(120, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new11 = new News(121, "获取新数据!!!!!!", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new12 = new News(122, "获取新数据!!!!!!", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new13 = new News(123, "获取新数据!!!!!!", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new14 = new News(124, "获取新数据!!!!!!", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new15 = new News(125, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new16 = new News(126, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new17 = new News(127, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new18 = new News(128, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new19 = new News(129, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
- News new20 = new News(130, "格力营收下滑400亿", "格里营收下滑400亿,董明珠说我活得好的很", "2016-5-16 10:22:20", "www.baidu.com");
-
- String page = req.getParameter("page");
- // 将数据添加到数组
- List<News> newslist = new ArrayList<News>();
- if (page == null || page.equals("0")) {
- newslist.add(new1);
- newslist.add(new2);
- newslist.add(new3);
- newslist.add(new4);
- newslist.add(new5);
- newslist.add(new6);
- newslist.add(new7);
- newslist.add(new8);
- newslist.add(new9);
- newslist.add(new10);
- }
- else {
- newslist.add(new11);
- newslist.add(new12);
- newslist.add(new13);
- newslist.add(new14);
- newslist.add(new15);
- newslist.add(new16);
- newslist.add(new17);
- newslist.add(new18);
- newslist.add(new19);
- newslist.add(new20);
- }
-
- // 将数据封装到新闻总计类
- NewTotal nt = new NewTotal(newslist.size(), newslist);
-
- // 调用GSON jar工具包封装好的toJson方法,可直接生成JSON字符串
- Gson gson = new Gson();
- String json = gson.toJson(nt);
-
- // 输出到界面
- System.out.println(json);
- resp.setContentType("text/plain");
- resp.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312");
- PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(resp.getOutputStream());
- out.print(json);
- out.flush();
- // 更多Json转换使用请看JsonTest类
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- this.doGet(req, resp);
- }
-
- }
修改项目index.jsp页面如下:
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
- %>
-
- >
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>">
-
- <title>Test Jsontitle>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8>
- <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
- <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
- <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
-
- head>
-
- <body>
- <form action="getJson" method="get">
- <input type="submit" value="点击获取新闻JSON数据"/>
- form>
- body>
- html>
在项目中配置web.xml,注册JsonServlet映射,配置如下:
- xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
- <display-name>JsonTestdisplay-name>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.jspwelcome-file>
- welcome-file-list>
-
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>JsonServletservlet-name>
- <servlet-class>com.test.json.JsonServletservlet-class>
- servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>JsonServletservlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/getJsonurl-pattern>
- servlet-mapping>
- web-app>
步骤三:添加项目到Tomcat容器,运行服务器
运行服务器,在地址栏输入地址:http://localhost:8080/JsonTest/getJson?page=0,效果如图: