prometheus架构图
prometheus 各组件介绍
- Prometheus Server: 使用pull方式采集监控数据，在该组件上配置监控数据的采集和告警规则。
- Client Library: 客户端库，为需要监控的服务生成相应的 metrics 并暴露给 prometheus server。当 prometheus server 来 pull 时，直接返回实时状态的 metrics。
- Push Gateway: 主要用于短期的 jobs。由于这类 jobs 存在时间较短，可能在prometheus来pull之前就消失了。为此，这次 jobs 可以直接向 Prometheus server 端推送它们的 metrics。这种方式主要用于服务层面的 metrics，对于机器层面的 metrices，需要使用 node exporter。
- Exporters: 用于暴露已有的第三方服务的 metrics 给 Prometheus。
- Alertmanager: 用于接收promethues发出的告警做进一步处理，对告警进行聚合、下发、抑制等。常见的告警方式有：邮件，钉钉，webhook 等一些其他的工具。
安装prometheus
# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.8.1/prometheus-2.8.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
# tar xzvf prometheus-2.8.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
# mv prometheus-2.8.1.linux-amd64 /usr/local/promethues
配置文件prometheus.yml
global: #全局配置 scrape_interval: 15s # 收集数据的间隔时间，默认为1m scrape_timeout: 10s #请求接口获取metrics数据的超时时间 evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute. #alerting: #告警配置 # alertmanagers: # - static_configs: # - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9093'] #rule_files: #告警规则配置 # - "rules/*.yml" scrape_configs: #配置被监控端 - job_name: 'prometheus' static_configs: - targets: ['localhost:9090'] # - job_name: 'test-node' # file_sd_configs: # - files: ['/usr/local/prometheus/sd_config/node.yml'] # refresh_interval: 5s
#remote_write: #配置远程存储
# [ -...]
#remote_read:
# [ -...]
检查配置文件有没有错误：
# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml
重载prometheus配置文件的两种方法：
- 1，通过HTTP API向/-/reload发送POST请求，例：curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload （这种方式必须在prometheus启动参数里面加上参数：--web.enable-lifecycle）
- 2，prometheus进程发送SIGHUP信号 # kill -HUP `pgrep prometheus`
启动
以守护进程的方式启动：
[Unit] Description=prometheus [Service] Restart=on-failure ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start prometheus
访问查看ip:9090 可以看到prometheus的web界面展示。查看Ip:9090/metrics可以看到prometheus提供的自身相关的metrics。
数据模型
Prometheus 中存储的数据为时间序列，每个时间序列是由度量名称(metric)和一系列键值对(标签)唯一标识的。
格式：
指标名称：用户说明指标的含义，例如http_requests_total代表http请求总数。
指标分类：counter：递增的计数器类型，例如机器启动时间，http访问量等。
gauge：指标实时变化情况，可以任意变化的数值，例如cpu、内存使用量、网络io等。
histogram：反映某个区间内的样本个数，通过{le="上边界"}指定这个范围的样本数。通常它采集的数据展示为直方图。
summary：类似于histogram。
标签：体现指标的维度特性，用于过滤和聚合。
标签
- 添加标签label
修改配置文件prometheus.yml
static_configs: - targets: ['localhost:9090'] labels: idc: sz
查找 process_cpu_seconds_total 指标
可以看到原来的 process_cpu_seconds_total{instance="localhost:9090",job="prometheus"}
变成了 process_cpu_seconds_total{idc="sz",instance="localhost:9090",job="prometheus"} #添加了idc="sz"这个标签
- relabel
例如原来是：process_cpu_seconds_total{instance="localhost:9090",job="sz"}
scrape_configs: - job_name: 'sz' static_configs: - targets: ['localhost:9090'] relabel_configs: - action: replace source_labels: ['job'] regex: (.*) replacement: $1 target_label: idc #action ： 重新标签动作 #replace： 默认，通过regex匹配source_label的值，使用replacement来引用表达式匹配的分组 #keep：删除regrex与连接不匹配的目标source_labels，保留正则匹配的。 #drop： 删除regrex与连接匹配的目标source_labels #labeldrop：删除regex匹配的标签 #labelkeep：删除regex不匹配的标签 #hashmod：设置target_labels为modules连接的哈希值source_labels #labelmap：匹配regex所有标签名称，然后复制匹配标签的值进行分组，#replacement分组引用（$(1),$(2)...)替代
process_cpu_seconds_total{idc="sz",instance="localhost:9090",job="sz"} # 原标签也会保留
node_exporter 监控linux服务器的系统信息
客户端安装
# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.0/node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
# tar xzvf node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
# mv node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/node_exporter
# cd /usr/local/node_exporter/
[Unit] Description=node_exporter [Service] Restart=on-failure ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动：
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start node_exporter
# netstat -nlap |grep 9100
tcp6 0 0 :::9100 :::* LISTEN 10016/node_exporter
prometheus server端配置添加被监控的节点
# vim prometheus.yml - job_name: 'test-node' file_sd_configs: - files: ['/usr/local/prometheus/sd_config/node.yml'] refresh_interval: 5s # cat sd_config/node.yml - targets: ["192.168.1.12:9100"]
可以通过浏览器访问 http://localhost:9100/metrics 查看metrics暴露的指标数据
也可以直接curl http://localhost:9100/metrics
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TYPE node_memory_HugePages_Rsvd gauge node_memory_HugePages_Rsvd 0 # HELP node_memory_HugePages_Surp Memory information field HugePages_Surp. # TYPE node_memory_HugePages_Surp gauge node_memory_HugePages_Surp 0 # HELP node_memory_HugePages_Total Memory information field HugePages_Total. # TYPE node_memory_HugePages_Total gauge node_memory_HugePages_Total 0 # HELP node_memory_Hugepagesize_bytes Memory information field Hugepagesize_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Hugepagesize_bytes gauge node_memory_Hugepagesize_bytes 2.097152e+06 # HELP node_memory_Inactive_anon_bytes Memory information field Inactive_anon_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Inactive_anon_bytes gauge node_memory_Inactive_anon_bytes 253952 # HELP node_memory_Inactive_bytes Memory information field Inactive_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Inactive_bytes gauge node_memory_Inactive_bytes 2.07376384e+08 # HELP node_memory_Inactive_file_bytes Memory information field Inactive_file_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Inactive_file_bytes gauge node_memory_Inactive_file_bytes 2.07122432e+08 # HELP node_memory_KernelStack_bytes Memory information field KernelStack_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_KernelStack_bytes gauge node_memory_KernelStack_bytes 1.982464e+06 # HELP node_memory_Mapped_bytes Memory information field Mapped_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Mapped_bytes gauge node_memory_Mapped_bytes 7.493632e+07 # HELP node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes Memory information field MemAvailable_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes gauge node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes 6.30509568e+08 # HELP node_memory_MemFree_bytes Memory information field MemFree_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_MemFree_bytes gauge node_memory_MemFree_bytes 7.8630912e+07 # HELP node_memory_MemTotal_bytes Memory information field MemTotal_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_MemTotal_bytes gauge node_memory_MemTotal_bytes 1.040789504e+09 # HELP node_memory_Mlocked_bytes Memory information field Mlocked_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Mlocked_bytes gauge node_memory_Mlocked_bytes 0 # HELP node_memory_NFS_Unstable_bytes Memory information field NFS_Unstable_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_NFS_Unstable_bytes gauge node_memory_NFS_Unstable_bytes 0 # HELP node_memory_PageTables_bytes Memory information field PageTables_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_PageTables_bytes gauge node_memory_PageTables_bytes 4.988928e+06 # HELP node_memory_SReclaimable_bytes Memory information field SReclaimable_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_SReclaimable_bytes gauge node_memory_SReclaimable_bytes 7.3293824e+07 # HELP node_memory_SUnreclaim_bytes Memory information field SUnreclaim_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_SUnreclaim_bytes gauge node_memory_SUnreclaim_bytes 2.3773184e+07 # HELP node_memory_Shmem_bytes Memory information field Shmem_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Shmem_bytes gauge node_memory_Shmem_bytes 380928 # HELP node_memory_Slab_bytes Memory information field Slab_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Slab_bytes gauge node_memory_Slab_bytes 9.7067008e+07 # HELP node_memory_SwapCached_bytes Memory information field SwapCached_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_SwapCached_bytes gauge node_memory_SwapCached_bytes 0 # HELP node_memory_SwapFree_bytes Memory information field SwapFree_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_SwapFree_bytes gauge node_memory_SwapFree_bytes 0 # HELP node_memory_SwapTotal_bytes Memory information field SwapTotal_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_SwapTotal_bytes gauge node_memory_SwapTotal_bytes 0 # HELP node_memory_Unevictable_bytes Memory information field Unevictable_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Unevictable_bytes gauge node_memory_Unevictable_bytes 0 # HELP node_memory_VmallocChunk_bytes Memory information field VmallocChunk_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_VmallocChunk_bytes gauge node_memory_VmallocChunk_bytes 3.5184352948224e+13 # HELP node_memory_VmallocTotal_bytes Memory information field VmallocTotal_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_VmallocTotal_bytes gauge node_memory_VmallocTotal_bytes 3.5184372087808e+13 # HELP node_memory_VmallocUsed_bytes Memory information field VmallocUsed_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_VmallocUsed_bytes gauge node_memory_VmallocUsed_bytes 8.916992e+06 # HELP node_memory_WritebackTmp_bytes Memory information field WritebackTmp_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_WritebackTmp_bytes gauge node_memory_WritebackTmp_bytes 0 # HELP node_memory_Writeback_bytes Memory information field Writeback_bytes. # TYPE node_memory_Writeback_bytes gauge node_memory_Writeback_bytes 0 # HELP node_netstat_Icmp6_InErrors Statistic Icmp6InErrors. # TYPE node_netstat_Icmp6_InErrors untyped node_netstat_Icmp6_InErrors 0 # HELP node_netstat_Icmp6_InMsgs Statistic Icmp6InMsgs. # TYPE node_netstat_Icmp6_InMsgs untyped node_netstat_Icmp6_InMsgs 0 # HELP node_netstat_Icmp6_OutMsgs Statistic Icmp6OutMsgs. # TYPE node_netstat_Icmp6_OutMsgs untyped node_netstat_Icmp6_OutMsgs 0 # HELP node_netstat_Icmp_InErrors Statistic IcmpInErrors. # TYPE node_netstat_Icmp_InErrors untyped node_netstat_Icmp_InErrors 45856 # HELP node_netstat_Icmp_InMsgs Statistic IcmpInMsgs. # TYPE node_netstat_Icmp_InMsgs untyped node_netstat_Icmp_InMsgs 1.9115796e+07 # HELP node_netstat_Icmp_OutMsgs Statistic IcmpOutMsgs. # TYPE node_netstat_Icmp_OutMsgs untyped node_netstat_Icmp_OutMsgs 1.9410091e+07 # HELP node_netstat_Ip6_InOctets Statistic Ip6InOctets. # TYPE node_netstat_Ip6_InOctets untyped node_netstat_Ip6_InOctets 536 # HELP node_netstat_Ip6_OutOctets Statistic Ip6OutOctets. # TYPE node_netstat_Ip6_OutOctets untyped node_netstat_Ip6_OutOctets 0 # HELP node_netstat_IpExt_InOctets Statistic IpExtInOctets. # TYPE node_netstat_IpExt_InOctets untyped node_netstat_IpExt_InOctets 7.524794161e+09 # HELP node_netstat_IpExt_OutOctets Statistic IpExtOutOctets. # TYPE node_netstat_IpExt_OutOctets untyped node_netstat_IpExt_OutOctets 5.5906455833e+10 # HELP node_netstat_Ip_Forwarding Statistic IpForwarding. # TYPE node_netstat_Ip_Forwarding untyped node_netstat_Ip_Forwarding 2 # HELP node_netstat_TcpExt_ListenDrops Statistic TcpExtListenDrops. # TYPE node_netstat_TcpExt_ListenDrops untyped node_netstat_TcpExt_ListenDrops 1.070406e+06 # HELP node_netstat_TcpExt_ListenOverflows Statistic TcpExtListenOverflows. # TYPE node_netstat_TcpExt_ListenOverflows untyped node_netstat_TcpExt_ListenOverflows 0 # HELP node_netstat_TcpExt_SyncookiesFailed Statistic TcpExtSyncookiesFailed. # TYPE node_netstat_TcpExt_SyncookiesFailed untyped node_netstat_TcpExt_SyncookiesFailed 649469 # HELP node_netstat_TcpExt_SyncookiesRecv Statistic TcpExtSyncookiesRecv. # TYPE node_netstat_TcpExt_SyncookiesRecv untyped node_netstat_TcpExt_SyncookiesRecv 6 # HELP node_netstat_TcpExt_SyncookiesSent Statistic TcpExtSyncookiesSent. # TYPE node_netstat_TcpExt_SyncookiesSent untyped node_netstat_TcpExt_SyncookiesSent 1.066903e+06 # HELP node_netstat_Tcp_ActiveOpens Statistic TcpActiveOpens. # TYPE node_netstat_Tcp_ActiveOpens untyped node_netstat_Tcp_ActiveOpens 6.176814e+06 # HELP node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab Statistic TcpCurrEstab. # TYPE node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab untyped node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab 3 # HELP node_netstat_Tcp_InErrs Statistic TcpInErrs. # TYPE node_netstat_Tcp_InErrs untyped node_netstat_Tcp_InErrs 8055 # HELP node_netstat_Tcp_PassiveOpens Statistic TcpPassiveOpens. # TYPE node_netstat_Tcp_PassiveOpens untyped node_netstat_Tcp_PassiveOpens 153244 # HELP node_netstat_Tcp_RetransSegs Statistic TcpRetransSegs. # TYPE node_netstat_Tcp_RetransSegs untyped node_netstat_Tcp_RetransSegs 1.5484305e+07 # HELP node_netstat_Udp6_InDatagrams Statistic Udp6InDatagrams. # TYPE node_netstat_Udp6_InDatagrams untyped node_netstat_Udp6_InDatagrams 0 # HELP node_netstat_Udp6_InErrors Statistic Udp6InErrors. # TYPE node_netstat_Udp6_InErrors untyped node_netstat_Udp6_InErrors 0 # HELP node_netstat_Udp6_NoPorts Statistic Udp6NoPorts. # TYPE node_netstat_Udp6_NoPorts untyped node_netstat_Udp6_NoPorts 0 # HELP node_netstat_Udp6_OutDatagrams Statistic Udp6OutDatagrams. # TYPE node_netstat_Udp6_OutDatagrams untyped node_netstat_Udp6_OutDatagrams 0 # HELP node_netstat_UdpLite6_InErrors Statistic UdpLite6InErrors. # TYPE node_netstat_UdpLite6_InErrors untyped node_netstat_UdpLite6_InErrors 0 # HELP node_netstat_UdpLite_InErrors Statistic UdpLiteInErrors. # TYPE node_netstat_UdpLite_InErrors untyped node_netstat_UdpLite_InErrors 0 # HELP node_netstat_Udp_InDatagrams Statistic UdpInDatagrams. # TYPE node_netstat_Udp_InDatagrams untyped node_netstat_Udp_InDatagrams 438554 # HELP node_netstat_Udp_InErrors Statistic UdpInErrors. # TYPE node_netstat_Udp_InErrors untyped node_netstat_Udp_InErrors 26683 # HELP node_netstat_Udp_NoPorts Statistic UdpNoPorts. # TYPE node_netstat_Udp_NoPorts untyped node_netstat_Udp_NoPorts 423094 # HELP node_netstat_Udp_OutDatagrams Statistic UdpOutDatagrams. # TYPE node_netstat_Udp_OutDatagrams untyped node_netstat_Udp_OutDatagrams 1.079029e+06 # HELP node_network_address_assign_type address_assign_type value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_address_assign_type gauge node_network_address_assign_type{interface="eth0"} 0 node_network_address_assign_type{interface="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_carrier carrier value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_carrier gauge node_network_carrier{interface="eth0"} 1 node_network_carrier{interface="lo"} 1 # HELP node_network_carrier_changes_total carrier_changes_total value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_carrier_changes_total counter node_network_carrier_changes_total{interface="eth0"} 2 node_network_carrier_changes_total{interface="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_device_id device_id value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_device_id gauge node_network_device_id{interface="eth0"} 0 node_network_device_id{interface="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_dormant dormant value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_dormant gauge node_network_dormant{interface="eth0"} 0 node_network_dormant{interface="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_flags flags value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_flags gauge node_network_flags{interface="eth0"} 4099 node_network_flags{interface="lo"} 9 # HELP node_network_iface_id iface_id value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_iface_id gauge node_network_iface_id{interface="eth0"} 2 node_network_iface_id{interface="lo"} 1 # HELP node_network_iface_link iface_link value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_iface_link gauge node_network_iface_link{interface="eth0"} 2 node_network_iface_link{interface="lo"} 1 # HELP node_network_iface_link_mode iface_link_mode value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_iface_link_mode gauge node_network_iface_link_mode{interface="eth0"} 0 node_network_iface_link_mode{interface="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_mtu_bytes mtu_bytes value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_mtu_bytes gauge node_network_mtu_bytes{interface="eth0"} 1500 node_network_mtu_bytes{interface="lo"} 65536 # HELP node_network_net_dev_group net_dev_group value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_net_dev_group gauge node_network_net_dev_group{interface="eth0"} 0 node_network_net_dev_group{interface="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_protocol_type protocol_type value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_protocol_type gauge node_network_protocol_type{interface="eth0"} 1 node_network_protocol_type{interface="lo"} 772 # HELP node_network_receive_bytes_total Network device statistic receive_bytes. # TYPE node_network_receive_bytes_total counter node_network_receive_bytes_total{device="eth0"} 8.141289755e+09 node_network_receive_bytes_total{device="lo"} 4.2463881e+08 # HELP node_network_receive_compressed_total Network device statistic receive_compressed. # TYPE node_network_receive_compressed_total counter node_network_receive_compressed_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_receive_compressed_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_receive_drop_total Network device statistic receive_drop. # TYPE node_network_receive_drop_total counter node_network_receive_drop_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_receive_drop_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_receive_errs_total Network device statistic receive_errs. # TYPE node_network_receive_errs_total counter node_network_receive_errs_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_receive_errs_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_receive_fifo_total Network device statistic receive_fifo. # TYPE node_network_receive_fifo_total counter node_network_receive_fifo_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_receive_fifo_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_receive_frame_total Network device statistic receive_frame. # TYPE node_network_receive_frame_total counter node_network_receive_frame_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_receive_frame_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_receive_multicast_total Network device statistic receive_multicast. # TYPE node_network_receive_multicast_total counter node_network_receive_multicast_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_receive_multicast_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_receive_packets_total Network device statistic receive_packets. # TYPE node_network_receive_packets_total counter node_network_receive_packets_total{device="eth0"} 7.030799e+07 node_network_receive_packets_total{device="lo"} 1.375153e+06 # HELP node_network_transmit_bytes_total Network device statistic transmit_bytes. # TYPE node_network_transmit_bytes_total counter node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device="eth0"} 5.6787879265e+10 node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device="lo"} 4.2463881e+08 # HELP node_network_transmit_carrier_total Network device statistic transmit_carrier. # TYPE node_network_transmit_carrier_total counter node_network_transmit_carrier_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_transmit_carrier_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_transmit_colls_total Network device statistic transmit_colls. # TYPE node_network_transmit_colls_total counter node_network_transmit_colls_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_transmit_colls_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_transmit_compressed_total Network device statistic transmit_compressed. # TYPE node_network_transmit_compressed_total counter node_network_transmit_compressed_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_transmit_compressed_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_transmit_drop_total Network device statistic transmit_drop. # TYPE node_network_transmit_drop_total counter node_network_transmit_drop_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_transmit_drop_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_transmit_errs_total Network device statistic transmit_errs. # TYPE node_network_transmit_errs_total counter node_network_transmit_errs_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_transmit_errs_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_transmit_fifo_total Network device statistic transmit_fifo. # TYPE node_network_transmit_fifo_total counter node_network_transmit_fifo_total{device="eth0"} 0 node_network_transmit_fifo_total{device="lo"} 0 # HELP node_network_transmit_packets_total Network device statistic transmit_packets. # TYPE node_network_transmit_packets_total counter node_network_transmit_packets_total{device="eth0"} 9.2774181e+07 node_network_transmit_packets_total{device="lo"} 1.375153e+06 # HELP node_network_transmit_queue_length transmit_queue_length value of /sys/class/net/. # TYPE node_network_transmit_queue_length gauge node_network_transmit_queue_length{interface="eth0"} 1000 node_network_transmit_queue_length{interface="lo"} 1 # HELP node_network_up Valid operstate for interface. # TYPE node_network_up gauge node_network_up{address="00:00:00:00:00:00",broadcast="00:00:00:00:00:00",duplex="",ifalias="",interface="lo",operstate="unknown"} 0 node_network_up{address="00:16:3e:04:ea:13",broadcast="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",duplex="",ifalias="",interface="eth0",operstate="up"} 1 # HELP node_procs_blocked Number of processes blocked waiting for I/O to complete. # TYPE node_procs_blocked gauge node_procs_blocked 0 # HELP node_procs_running Number of processes in runnable state. # TYPE node_procs_running gauge node_procs_running 3 # HELP node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds node_exporter: Duration of a collector scrape. # TYPE node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds gauge node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="arp"} 0.000304651 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="bcache"} 1.0697e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="bonding"} 1.8134e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="conntrack"} 1.2938e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="cpu"} 0.000284584 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="diskstats"} 0.000102613 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="edac"} 1.7804e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="entropy"} 2.3084e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="filefd"} 3.464e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="filesystem"} 0.000312891 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="hwmon"} 2.359e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="infiniband"} 1.5962e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="ipvs"} 2.2402e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="loadavg"} 3.6675e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="mdadm"} 2.8429e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="meminfo"} 0.000238166 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="netclass"} 0.000787465 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="netdev"} 0.000162999 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="netstat"} 0.000996904 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="nfs"} 2.2407e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="nfsd"} 4.2902e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="sockstat"} 6.919e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="stat"} 0.000114657 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="systemd"} 0.08496337 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="textfile"} 7.163e-06 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="time"} 2.2081e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="timex"} 1.0949e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="uname"} 1.3189e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="vmstat"} 0.000169744 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="xfs"} 2.5948e-05 node_scrape_collector_duration_seconds{collector="zfs"} 0.000109579 # HELP node_scrape_collector_success node_exporter: Whether a collector succeeded. # TYPE node_scrape_collector_success gauge node_scrape_collector_success{collector="arp"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="bcache"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="bonding"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="conntrack"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="cpu"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="diskstats"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="edac"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="entropy"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="filefd"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="filesystem"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="hwmon"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="infiniband"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="ipvs"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="loadavg"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="mdadm"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="meminfo"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="netclass"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="netdev"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="netstat"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="nfs"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="nfsd"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="sockstat"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="stat"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="systemd"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="textfile"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="time"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="timex"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="uname"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="vmstat"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="xfs"} 1 node_scrape_collector_success{collector="zfs"} 1 # HELP node_sockstat_FRAG_inuse Number of FRAG sockets in state inuse. # TYPE node_sockstat_FRAG_inuse gauge node_sockstat_FRAG_inuse 0 # HELP node_sockstat_FRAG_memory Number of FRAG sockets in state memory. # TYPE node_sockstat_FRAG_memory gauge node_sockstat_FRAG_memory 0 # HELP node_sockstat_RAW_inuse Number of RAW sockets in state inuse. # TYPE node_sockstat_RAW_inuse gauge node_sockstat_RAW_inuse 0 # HELP node_sockstat_TCP_alloc Number of TCP sockets in state alloc. # TYPE node_sockstat_TCP_alloc gauge node_sockstat_TCP_alloc 14 # HELP node_sockstat_TCP_inuse Number of TCP sockets in state inuse. # TYPE node_sockstat_TCP_inuse gauge node_sockstat_TCP_inuse 9 # HELP node_sockstat_TCP_mem Number of TCP sockets in state mem. # TYPE node_sockstat_TCP_mem gauge node_sockstat_TCP_mem 6 # HELP node_sockstat_TCP_mem_bytes Number of TCP sockets in state mem_bytes. # TYPE node_sockstat_TCP_mem_bytes gauge node_sockstat_TCP_mem_bytes 24576 # HELP node_sockstat_TCP_orphan Number of TCP sockets in state orphan. # TYPE node_sockstat_TCP_orphan gauge node_sockstat_TCP_orphan 0 # HELP node_sockstat_TCP_tw Number of TCP sockets in state tw. # TYPE node_sockstat_TCP_tw gauge node_sockstat_TCP_tw 0 # HELP node_sockstat_UDPLITE_inuse Number of UDPLITE sockets in state inuse. # TYPE node_sockstat_UDPLITE_inuse gauge node_sockstat_UDPLITE_inuse 0 # HELP node_sockstat_UDP_inuse Number of UDP sockets in state inuse. # TYPE node_sockstat_UDP_inuse gauge node_sockstat_UDP_inuse 3 # HELP node_sockstat_UDP_mem Number of UDP sockets in state mem. # TYPE node_sockstat_UDP_mem gauge node_sockstat_UDP_mem 2 # HELP node_sockstat_UDP_mem_bytes Number of UDP sockets in state mem_bytes. # TYPE node_sockstat_UDP_mem_bytes gauge node_sockstat_UDP_mem_bytes 8192 # HELP node_sockstat_sockets_used Number of sockets sockets in state used. # TYPE node_sockstat_sockets_used gauge node_sockstat_sockets_used 146 # HELP node_systemd_system_running Whether the system is operational (see 'systemctl is-system-running') # TYPE node_systemd_system_running gauge node_systemd_system_running 0 # HELP node_systemd_unit_start_time_seconds Start time of the unit since unix epoch in seconds. # TYPE node_systemd_unit_start_time_seconds gauge node_systemd_unit_start_time_seconds{name="docker.service"} 0 node_systemd_unit_start_time_seconds{name="sshd.service"} 1.533292928693056e+09 # HELP node_systemd_unit_state Systemd unit # TYPE node_systemd_unit_state gauge node_systemd_unit_state{name="docker.service",state="activating"} 0 node_systemd_unit_state{name="docker.service",state="active"} 0 node_systemd_unit_state{name="docker.service",state="deactivating"} 0 node_systemd_unit_state{name="docker.service",state="failed"} 0 node_systemd_unit_state{name="docker.service",state="inactive"} 1 node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd.service",state="activating"} 0 node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd.service",state="active"} 1 node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd.service",state="deactivating"} 0 node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd.service",state="failed"} 0 node_systemd_unit_state{name="sshd.service",state="inactive"} 0 # HELP node_systemd_units Summary of systemd unit states # TYPE node_systemd_units gauge node_systemd_units{state="activating"} 0 node_systemd_units{state="active"} 110 node_systemd_units{state="deactivating"} 0 node_systemd_units{state="failed"} 4 node_systemd_units{state="inactive"} 80 # HELP node_textfile_scrape_error 1 if there was an error opening or reading a file, 0 otherwise # TYPE node_textfile_scrape_error gauge node_textfile_scrape_error 0 # HELP node_time_seconds System time in seconds since epoch (1970). # TYPE node_time_seconds gauge node_time_seconds 1.5547092776828244e+09 # HELP node_timex_estimated_error_seconds Estimated error in seconds. # TYPE node_timex_estimated_error_seconds gauge node_timex_estimated_error_seconds 8.6e-05 # HELP node_timex_frequency_adjustment_ratio Local clock frequency adjustment. # TYPE node_timex_frequency_adjustment_ratio gauge node_timex_frequency_adjustment_ratio 1.0000000045776367 # HELP node_timex_loop_time_constant Phase-locked loop time constant. # TYPE node_timex_loop_time_constant gauge node_timex_loop_time_constant 10 # HELP node_timex_maxerror_seconds Maximum error in seconds. # TYPE node_timex_maxerror_seconds gauge node_timex_maxerror_seconds 0.049128 # HELP node_timex_offset_seconds Time offset in between local system and reference clock. # TYPE node_timex_offset_seconds gauge node_timex_offset_seconds -7.4686e-05 # HELP node_timex_pps_calibration_total Pulse per second count of calibration intervals. # TYPE node_timex_pps_calibration_total counter node_timex_pps_calibration_total 0 # HELP node_timex_pps_error_total Pulse per second count of calibration errors. # TYPE node_timex_pps_error_total counter node_timex_pps_error_total 0 # HELP node_timex_pps_frequency_hertz Pulse per second frequency. # TYPE node_timex_pps_frequency_hertz gauge node_timex_pps_frequency_hertz 0 # HELP node_timex_pps_jitter_seconds Pulse per second jitter. # TYPE node_timex_pps_jitter_seconds gauge node_timex_pps_jitter_seconds 0 # HELP node_timex_pps_jitter_total Pulse per second count of jitter limit exceeded events. # TYPE node_timex_pps_jitter_total counter node_timex_pps_jitter_total 0 # HELP node_timex_pps_shift_seconds Pulse per second interval duration. # TYPE node_timex_pps_shift_seconds gauge node_timex_pps_shift_seconds 0 # HELP node_timex_pps_stability_exceeded_total Pulse per second count of stability limit exceeded events. # TYPE node_timex_pps_stability_exceeded_total counter node_timex_pps_stability_exceeded_total 0 # HELP node_timex_pps_stability_hertz Pulse per second stability, average of recent frequency changes. # TYPE node_timex_pps_stability_hertz gauge node_timex_pps_stability_hertz 0 # HELP node_timex_status Value of the status array bits. # TYPE node_timex_status gauge node_timex_status 8193 # HELP node_timex_sync_status Is clock synchronized to a reliable server (1 = yes, 0 = no). # TYPE node_timex_sync_status gauge node_timex_sync_status 1 # HELP node_timex_tai_offset_seconds International Atomic Time (TAI) offset. # TYPE node_timex_tai_offset_seconds gauge node_timex_tai_offset_seconds 0 # HELP node_timex_tick_seconds Seconds between clock ticks. # TYPE node_timex_tick_seconds gauge node_timex_tick_seconds 0.01 # HELP node_uname_info Labeled system information as provided by the uname system call. # TYPE node_uname_info gauge node_uname_info{domainname="(none)",machine="x86_64",nodename="iZwz91470vqghj98k5kqenZ",release="3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64",sysname="Linux",version="#1 SMP Tue Jul 4 15:04:05 UTC 2017"} 1 # HELP node_vmstat_pgfault /proc/vmstat information field pgfault. # TYPE node_vmstat_pgfault untyped node_vmstat_pgfault 1.67504549261e+11 # HELP node_vmstat_pgmajfault /proc/vmstat information field pgmajfault. # TYPE node_vmstat_pgmajfault untyped node_vmstat_pgmajfault 126855 # HELP node_vmstat_pgpgin /proc/vmstat information field pgpgin. # TYPE node_vmstat_pgpgin untyped node_vmstat_pgpgin 8.46847e+07 # HELP node_vmstat_pgpgout /proc/vmstat information field pgpgout. # TYPE node_vmstat_pgpgout untyped node_vmstat_pgpgout 8.05889033e+08 # HELP node_vmstat_pswpin /proc/vmstat information field pswpin. # TYPE node_vmstat_pswpin untyped node_vmstat_pswpin 0 # HELP node_vmstat_pswpout /proc/vmstat information field pswpout. # TYPE node_vmstat_pswpout untyped node_vmstat_pswpout 0 # HELP process_cpu_seconds_total Total user and system CPU time spent in seconds. # TYPE process_cpu_seconds_total counter process_cpu_seconds_total 1958.53 # HELP process_max_fds Maximum number of open file descriptors. # TYPE process_max_fds gauge process_max_fds 1024 # HELP process_open_fds Number of open file descriptors. # TYPE process_open_fds gauge process_open_fds 8 # HELP process_resident_memory_bytes Resident memory size in bytes. # TYPE process_resident_memory_bytes gauge process_resident_memory_bytes 2.0525056e+07 # HELP process_start_time_seconds Start time of the process since unix epoch in seconds. # TYPE process_start_time_seconds gauge process_start_time_seconds 1.55412590705e+09 # HELP process_virtual_memory_bytes Virtual memory size in bytes. # TYPE process_virtual_memory_bytes gauge process_virtual_memory_bytes 1.17321728e+08 # HELP process_virtual_memory_max_bytes Maximum amount of virtual memory available in bytes. # TYPE process_virtual_memory_max_bytes gauge process_virtual_memory_max_bytes -1 # HELP promhttp_metric_handler_requests_in_flight Current number of scrapes being served. # TYPE promhttp_metric_handler_requests_in_flight gauge promhttp_metric_handler_requests_in_flight 1 # HELP promhttp_metric_handler_requests_total Total number of scrapes by HTTP status code. # TYPE promhttp_metric_handler_requests_total counter promhttp_metric_handler_requests_total{code="200"} 0 promhttp_metric_handler_requests_total{code="500"} 0 promhttp_metric_handler_requests_total{code="503"} 0
使用PromQL可以查看 node_exporter 插件监控的数据
cpu使用率: 100-(avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) by(instance) *100)
内存使用率：100-(node_memory_MemFree_bytes+node_memory_Buffers_bytes+node_memory_Cached_bytes)/node_memory_MemTotal_bytes*100
硬盘使用率：100-node_filesystem_free_bytes{mountpoint="/",fstype=~"ext4|rootfs"}/node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint="/",fstype=~"ext4|rootfs"}*100
监控systemctl管理的系统服务运行状态
# ./node_exporter --collector.systemd --collector.systemd.unit-whitelist=(logstash|docker|sshd).service
PromQL查询node_systemd_unit_state可以看到服务的运行状态
textfile collector 可以自定义metrics, 类似于pushgateway。
1. node_exporter启动时添加参数--collector.textfile.directory=dir，指定文本文件收集路径，node_exporter会从这个目录读取后缀为.prom文件的数据。
2. prometheus server从node_exporter中pull拉取监控数据。
eg:
先使用prometheus_client 往.prom文件里面写一条数据。如下：
from prometheus_client import CollectorRegistry, Gauge, write_to_textfile registry = CollectorRegistry() g = Gauge('test_metric', 'this is a test metric',["label1","label2"],registry=registry) g.labels(label1="string1",label2="string2").set(4) write_to_textfile('/usr/local/node_exporter/conf/test.prom', registry)
文件内容：
# cat test.prom # HELP test_metric this is a test metric # TYPE test_metric gauge test_metric{label1="string1",label2="string2"} 4.0
启动node_exporter，访问ip:9100/metrics可以看到这条数据。
grafana web展示
首先安装运行grafana，这里为了简便直接使用docker运行
# docker run -d --name=grafana -p 3000:3000 grafana/grafana
访问ip:3000 ，
1，在DataSource里面选择数据源类型 prometheus，然后配置prometheus的访问地址。
2，在dashboard中import ：https://grafana.com/dashboards/8919，grafana提供了很多现成的dashboard可以直接导入id或者url
