MySQL备份与恢复之percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复

一 文章回顾

在上一篇文章,我们讲到percona-xtrabackup软件的使用,这一篇文章我们讲解percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复。

 

二 增量备份示意图

  MySQL备份与恢复之percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复_第1张图片

三 percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复原理

      

首先,使用percona-xtrabackup工具对数据库进行全备,然后再每次数据库的数据更新后对数据进行增量备份,每次增量备份均在上一次备份的基础上。恢复时依次把每次增量备份的数据恢复到全备中,最后使用合并的数据进行数据恢复。


四 percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复

 

第一步,全备

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 /databackup/

 

第二步,查看数据

mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from class;
+------+-------+
| cid  | cname |
+------+-------+
|    1 | linux |
|    2 | dab   |
|    3 | Devel |
+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stu;
+------+----------+------+
| sid  | sname    | cid  |
+------+----------+------+
|    1 | larry007 |    1 |
+------+----------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

第三步,更新数据

mysql> insert into stu values(2,'larry02',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stu;
+------+----------+------+
| sid  | sname    | cid  |
+------+----------+------+
|    1 | larry007 |    1 |
|    2 | larry02  |    1 |
+------+----------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


第四步,增量备份,进行了全备和第一次增量备份,所以有两个备份文件夹。我们每次增量备份都是针对上一次备份。

#--incremental:增量备份的文件夹
#--incremental-dir:针对哪个做增量备份
[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --incremental /databackup/ --incremental-dir /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy
and Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.
……
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/databackup/2013-09-10_22-15-45'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000004', position 353
130910 22:16:04  innobackupex: completed OK!

[root@serv01 databackup]# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:13 2013-09-10_22-12-50
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:16 2013-09-10_22-15-45


第五步,再次插入数据

mysql> insert into stu values(3,'larry03',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stu;
+------+----------+------+
| sid  | sname    | cid  |
+------+----------+------+
|    1 | larry007 |    1 |
|    2 | larry02  |    1 |
|    3 | larry03  |    1 |
+------+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

第六步,再次增量备份

[root@serv01 databackup]# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:13 2013-09-10_22-12-50
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:16 2013-09-10_22-15-45
[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --incremental /databackup/ --incremental-dir /databackup/2013-09-10_22-15-45/

 

第七步,再次插入数据

mysql> insert into stu values(4,'larry04',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stu;
+------+----------+------+
| sid  | sname    | cid  |
+------+----------+------+
|    1 | larry007 |    1 |
|    2 | larry02  |    1 |
|    3 | larry03  |    1 |
|    4 | larry04  |    1 |
+------+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

第八步,再次增量备份。一次全备,三次增量备份,所以有四个备份文件夹

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --incremental /databackup/ --incremental-dir /databackup/2013-09-10_22-19-21/


[root@serv01 databackup]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:13 2013-09-10_22-12-50
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:16 2013-09-10_22-15-45
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:19 2013-09-10_22-19-21
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:22 2013-09-10_22-21-42


第九步,模拟数据丢失

mysql> drop database larrydb;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)

 

第十步,对全部的数据进行检查。可以看到增量备份和全备的文件占用磁盘大小有很大的差别,显然全备占用磁盘空间多,增量备份占用磁盘空间少

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy
and Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.
……
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
130910 22:23:35  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
130910 22:23:36  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2098700
130910 22:23:36  innobackupex: completed OK!

[root@serv01 databackup]# du -sh ./*
22M ./2013-09-10_22-12-50
1.5M  ./2013-09-10_22-15-45
1.5M  ./2013-09-10_22-19-21
1.5M  ./2013-09-10_22-21-42

 

第十一步,对第一次做的增量备份数据进行合并到全备份中去

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only --incremental /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/ --incremental-dir=/databackup/2013-09-10_22-15-45/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy
and Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.
……
innobackupex: Copying '/databackup/2013-09-10_22-15-45/hello/db.opt' to '/databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/hello/db.opt'
130910 22:32:26  innobackupex: completed OK!

 

第十二步,对第二次做的增量备份数据进行合并到全备份中去

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only --incremental /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/ --incremental-dir=/databackup/2013-09-10_22-19-21/

 

第十三步,对第三次做的增量备份数据进行合并到全备份中去

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only --incremental /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/ --incremental-dir=/databackup/2013-09-10_22-21-42/

 

第十四步,恢复时需要停掉MySQL,所以我们停掉MySQL

[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
 ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
[root@serv01 databackup]# pkill -9 mysql

 

第十五步,恢复数据。注意这里指定的文件夹是2013-09-10_22-12-50

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --copy-back /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy
and Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.

This software is published under
the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991.

IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

Original data directory is not empty! at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 571.

#报以上错需要删除数据目录下的东西
[root@serv01 data]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@serv01 data]# ls
game     ib_logfile0  mysql             mysql-bin.000003  performance_schema   test
hello    ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000004  serv01.host.com.err  xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
ibdata1  mnt          mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.index   serv01.host.com.pid

[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf  *

#再次恢复数据,并更改数据库数据目录的拥有者和所属组
[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --copy-back /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/

[root@serv01 data]# ll
total 18464
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 game
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 hello
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18874368 Sep 10 22:33 ibdata1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 larrydb
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 test
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root       24 Sep 10 22:37 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
  
[root@serv01 data]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/ -R

 

第十六步,启动服务

[root@serv01 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

 

第十七步,登录数据库,然后查看数据

[root@serv01 data]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| game               |
| hello              |
| larrydb            |
| mnt                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from larrydb.class;
+------+-------+
| cid  | cname |
+------+-------+
|    1 | linux |
|    2 | dab   |
|    3 | Devel |
+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from larrydb.stu;
+------+----------+------+
| sid  | sname    | cid  |
+------+----------+------+
|    1 | larry007 |    1 |
|    2 | larry02  |    1 |
|    3 | larry03  |    1 |
|    4 | larry04  |    1 |
+------+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


  我的邮箱[email protected]
  新浪微博@jutdb         
  微信公众平台:JustOracle(微信号:justoracle)
  数据库技术交流群:336882565(加群时验证 From CSDN XXX)
  All is well
  2013年12月1日
  By Larry Wen


katoon Sina CSDN
@Wentasy 博文仅供参考,欢迎大家来访。如有错误之处,希望批评指正。原创博文如需转载请注明出处,谢谢 :) [CSDN博客]

你可能感兴趣的:(DataBase,MySQL,MySQL,Backup,and,Recovery,数据库那些事儿)