Python 游戏开发: 外星人入侵
效果图如图所示。
| 文件名 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| alien_invasion.py | 程序入口 |
| settings.py | 程序配置文件 |
| ships.py | 飞船模块 |
| alien.py | 外星人模块 |
| game_stats.py | 统计数据模块 |
| scoreboard.py | 积分板模块 |
| game_functions.py | 游戏功能函数模块 |
| bullet.py | 子弹模块 |
| button.py | 按钮模块 |
下面是源代码：
主程序文件：
alien_invasion.py
import pygame
import game_functions as gf
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from alien import Alien
from pygame.sprite import Group
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
def run_game():
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen)
bullets = Group()
aliens = Group()
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")
sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
while True:
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
if stats.game_active:
ship.update()
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
run_game()
settings.py
class Settings():
def __init__(self):
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 800
self.bg_color = (230,230,230)
self.ships_limit = 3
self.bullet_width = 3
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = 60,60,60
self.bullets_allowed = 10
self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
self.speedup_scale = 1.1
self.score_scale = 1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
self.alien_speed_factor = 1
self.fleet_direction = 1
self.alien_points = 50
def increase_speed(self):
self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_points = (int)(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)
ships.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
super(Ship,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def update(self):
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
self.rect.centerx = self.center
def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def center_ship(self):
self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
alien.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
super(Alien,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def check_edges(self):
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left <= 0:
return True
else:
return False
def update(self):
self.x += self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction
self.rect.x = self.x
def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
game_stats.py
class GameStats():
def __init__(self,ai_settings):
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.reset_stats()
self.game_active = False
self.high_score = 0
def reset_stats(self):
self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ships_limit
self.score = 0
self.level = 1
scoreboard.py
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.stats = stats
self.text_color = (30,30,30)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
self.prep_score()
self.prep_high_score()
self.prep_level()
self.prep_ships()
def prep_score(self):
rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1))
score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
self.score_rect.top = 20
def prep_high_score(self):
high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top
def prep_level(self):
self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
def prep_ships(self):
self.ships = Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship = Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)
ship.rect.x = 10+ship_number*ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y = 10
self.ships.add(ship)
def show_score(self):
self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
self.ships.draw(self.screen)
game_functions.py
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width-2*alien_width
number_aliens = int(available_space_x/(2*alien_width))
return number_aliens
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
available_space_y = ai_settings.screen_height-3*alien_height-ship_height
number_rows = int(available_space_y/(2*alien_height))
return number_rows
def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width+2*alien_width*alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2*alien.rect.height*row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,stats,ship,bullets):
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:#SPACE - Shooting
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:#Q - Exit
sys.exit()
elif event.key == pygame.K_p:#P - Start/Pause
stats.game_active = not stats.game_active
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
def start_game(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
stats.reset_stats()
stats.game_active = True
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
sb.prep_score()
sb.prep_level()
sb.prep_ships()
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
if play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y):
button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
start_game(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,stats,ship,bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event,ship)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x,mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
ship.blitme()
aliens.draw(screen)
sb.show_score()
if not stats.game_active:
play_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
bullets.update()
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
check_bullet_alien_collision(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_bullet_alien_collision(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
sb.prep_score()
check_high_score(stats,sb)
if len(aliens) == 0:
bullets.empty()
ai_settings.increase_speed()
stats.level += 1
sb.prep_level()
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
def ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,sb,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
if stats.ships_left > 1:
stats.ships_left -= 1
sb.prep_ships()
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,sb,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,sb,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
break
def update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
aliens.update()
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,sb,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,sb,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_high_score(stats,sb):
if stats.score > stats.high_score:
stats.high_score = stats.score
sb.prep_high_score()
bullet.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
super(Bullet,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
self.y -= self.speed_factor
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
button.py
import pygame.font
class Button():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.width,self.height = 200,50
self.button_color = (0,255,0)
self.text_color = (255,255,255)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
self.prep_msg(msg)
def prep_msg(self,msg):
self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)