我们知道,当手机在使用移动数据上网时,如果进入WIFI环境,手机将会自动连上WIFI使用数据,而当WIFI失去覆盖或者关闭WIFI时,手机又会自动连上移动数据,那么这个机制是如何实现的呢?本文从WIFI框架触发,跟踪当WIFI被disconnect时,如何切换为数据网络。
private boolean setNetworkDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState state) {
boolean hidden = false;
if (state != mNetworkInfo.getDetailedState()) {
//更新NetworkInfo的状态
mNetworkInfo.setDetailedState(state, null, mWifiInfo.getSSID());
if (mNetworkAgent != null) {
//将最新状态发送到NetworkAgent
mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkInfo(mNetworkInfo);
}
sendNetworkStateChangeBroadcast(null);
return true;
}
return false;
}
到这里就不得不介绍一下NetworkInfo和NetworkAgent了。
@NetworkInfo.java
//获取网络类型,TYPE_MOBILE/TYPE_WIFI/TYPE_MOBILE_MMS等
public int getType() {}
//获取网络类型名称
public String getTypeName() {}
//网络是否是CONNECTED或者CONNECTING状态
public boolean isConnectedOrConnecting() {}
//网络是否是CONNECTED状态
public boolean isConnected() {}
//设置网络是否可用
public void setIsAvailable(boolean isAvailable) {}
//判断网络是否可用
public boolean isAvailable() {}
//是否漫游状态
public boolean isRoaming() {}
//设置漫游状态
public void setRoaming(boolean isRoaming) {}
//获取网络的state、mReason等信息
public DetailedState getDetailedState() {}
应用程序可以
通过ConnectivityManager的getNetworkInfo()方法获取到该对象,并通过该对象查询当前的网络状态,比如可以这样获取当前是否有网络连接:
private boolean isNetworkConnected() {
final ConnectivityManager connectivity = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
if (connectivity == null) {
return false;
}
final NetworkInfo info = connectivity.getActiveNetworkInfo();
return info != null && info.isConnected();
}
上面是应用读取NetworkInfo的方法,那么当网络变化时,就应该由WIFI或者DATA去更新当前的NetworkInfo,而WifiStateMachine在setNetworkDetailedState中做的就是把当前的网络状态更新到NetworkInfo,即:
mNetworkInfo.setDetailedState(state, null, mWifiInfo.getSSID());
更新完NetworkInfo之后,需要将其更新到ConnectivityManager才可被其他应用读取到,那么如何将其更新到ConnectivityManager呢?这就需要NetworkAgent来完成了。
"A Utility class for handling for communicating between bearer-specific code and ConnectivityService."
这句话描述了NetworkAgent的作用:
他是某个网络连接与ConnectivityService之间的通讯的工具。
public abstract class NetworkAgent extends Handler {}
我们发现,这是一个Handler的子类,并且他是一个抽象类(abstract),
需要在子类中被实例化。
public NetworkAgent(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag, NetworkInfo ni, NetworkCapabilities nc, LinkProperties lp, int score) {
this(looper, context, logTag, ni, nc, lp, score, null);
}
public NetworkAgent(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag, NetworkInfo ni, NetworkCapabilities nc, LinkProperties lp, int score, NetworkMisc misc) {
super(looper);
mContext = context;
if (ni == null || nc == null || lp == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
//获取ConnectivityManager对象,并向其注册自己
ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager)mContext.getSystemService( Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
cm.registerNetworkAgent(new Messenger(this), new NetworkInfo(ni), new LinkProperties(lp), new NetworkCapabilities(nc), score, misc);
}
我们看到其构造方法里面主要做了一件事情,获取ConnectivityManager对象,并通过registerNetworkAgent方式注册当前的NetworkAgent。
接下来我们插入两节来分别介绍另外两个对象:ConnectivityManager和ConnectivityService,然后再回头来看这里的registerNetworkAgent()方法。
@SystemServer.java
public static final String CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE = "connectivity";
private void startOtherServices() {
try {
//创建ConnectivityService
connectivity = new ConnectivityService(context, networkManagement, networkStats, networkPolicy);
//注册的name为"connectivity"
ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, connectivity);
networkStats.bindConnectivityManager(connectivity);
networkPolicy.bindConnectivityManager(connectivity);
} catch (Throwable e) {
reportWtf("starting Connectivity Service", e);
}
}
从上面知道,该Service在SystemServer中的name为"Connectivity"。知道了这一点就够了,至于ConnectivityService本身我们暂且不去关注。
@ContextImpl.java
registerService(CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, new ServiceFetcher() {
public Object createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
return new ConnectivityManager(IConnectivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b));
}});
从这里我们看到,创建ConnectivityManager时传递了一个name为CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE的服务对象,这个对象就是刚才我们向SystemServer注册的ConnectivityService。然后来看ConnectivityManager的构造方法:
@ConnectivityManager.java
public ConnectivityManager(IConnectivityManager service) {
mService = checkNotNull(service, "missing IConnectivityManager");
}
这里我们看到,构造方法里面只是将参数ConnectivityService传递给mService对象就完了。
好了,ConnectivityManager我们了解这么多就够了。下面继续我们NetworkAgent的初始化流程。
现在我们继续NetworkAgent的初始化流程,这个流程中包含AsyncChannel的使用,不了解的同学可以在这里了解其使用方法和机制。
public NetworkAgent(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag, NetworkInfo ni, NetworkCapabilities nc, LinkProperties lp, int score, NetworkMisc misc) {
super(looper);
mContext = context;
if (ni == null || nc == null || lp == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
//获取ConnectivityManager对象,并向其注册自己
ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager)mContext.getSystemService( Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
cm.registerNetworkAgent(new Messenger(this), new NetworkInfo(ni), new LinkProperties(lp), new NetworkCapabilities(nc), score, misc);
}
在调用注册方法时传递了六个参数,其中有三个比较重要的参数,都是从构造方法的参数中获取并重新new出来的,其分别是:
@ConnectivityManager.java
public void registerNetworkAgent(Messenger messenger, NetworkInfo ni, LinkProperties lp, NetworkCapabilities nc, int score, NetworkMisc misc) {
try {
mService.registerNetworkAgent(messenger, ni, lp, nc, score, misc);
} catch (RemoteException e) { }
}
经过前面的介绍我们现在知道,这里的mService就是ConnectivityService,继续来看接下来的流程:
@ConnectivityService.java
public void registerNetworkAgent(Messenger messenger, NetworkInfo networkInfo, LinkProperties linkProperties, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, int currentScore, NetworkMisc networkMisc) {
//权限检查
enforceConnectivityInternalPermission();
//创建NetworkAgentInfo对象
NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(messenger, new AsyncChannel(),
new NetworkInfo(networkInfo), new LinkProperties(linkProperties),
new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities), currentScore, mContext, mTrackerHandler,
new NetworkMisc(networkMisc));
synchronized (this) {
nai.networkMonitor.systemReady = mSystemReady;
}
//向自己Handler发送EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_AGENT消息
mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_AGENT, nai));
}
在ConnectivityService的registerNetworkAgent中做了两件事情:
private class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
NetworkInfo info;
switch (msg.what) {
case EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_AGENT: {
handleRegisterNetworkAgent((NetworkAgentInfo)msg.obj);
break;
}
}
}
}
继续看handleRegisterNetworkAgent():
private void handleRegisterNetworkAgent(NetworkAgentInfo na) {
mNetworkAgentInfos.put(na.messenger, na);
assignNextNetId(na);
//向NetworkAgentInfo的asyncChannel对象发起连接请求
na.asyncChannel.connect(mContext, mTrackerHandler, na.messenger);
NetworkInfo networkInfo = na.networkInfo;
na.networkInfo = null;
updateNetworkInfo(na, networkInfo);
}
这里我们看到,ConnectivityService向NetworkAgentInfo的asyncChannel对象发起connect请求,并且
该AsyncChannel的srcHandler是mTrackerHandler,而dstMessenger对象是NetworkAgentInfo的messenger,那么这里的NetworkAgentInfo是哪里来的呢?
接下来,ConnectivityService将会利用获取到的NetworkAgent对象创建AsyncChannel双向通道。
@NetworkAgent.java
public NetworkAgent(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag, NetworkInfo ni, NetworkCapabilities nc, LinkProperties lp, int score, NetworkMisc misc) {
ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager)mContext.getSystemService( Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
cm.registerNetworkAgent(new Messenger(this), new NetworkInfo(ni), new LinkProperties(lp), new NetworkCapabilities(nc), score, misc);
}
因此
ConnectivityService中的dstMessenger其实就是NetworkAgent,准确来说应该是NetworkAgent的子类。
private class NetworkStateTrackerHandler extends Handler {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
NetworkInfo info;
switch (msg.what) {
case AsyncChannel.CMD_CHANNEL_HALF_CONNECTED: {
handleAsyncChannelHalfConnect(msg);
break;
}
}
}
}
继续来看handleAsyncChannelHalfConnect:
private void handleAsyncChannelHalfConnect(Message msg) {
AsyncChannel ac = (AsyncChannel) msg.obj;
if (mNetworkFactoryInfos.containsKey(msg.replyTo)) {
} else if (mNetworkAgentInfos.containsKey(msg.replyTo)) {
if (msg.arg1 == AsyncChannel.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL) {
//向AsyncChannel发送消息
mNetworkAgentInfos.get(msg.replyTo).asyncChannel.sendMessage(AsyncChannel.CMD_CHANNEL_FULL_CONNECTION);
} else {
}
}
}
这里我们看到,此刻ConnectivityService通过AsyncChannel向dstMessenger发送了CMD_CHANNEL_FULL_CONNECTION的消息,从AsyncChannel的机制我们想到,这个消息应该是在向NetworkAgent申请
双向通道。
class L2ConnectedState extends State {
@Override
public void enter() {
mNetworkAgent = new WifiNetworkAgent(getHandler().getLooper(), mContext, "WifiNetworkAgent", mNetworkInfo, mNetworkCapabilitiesFilter, mLinkProperties, 60);
}
}
然后来看该WifiNetworkAgent的定义:
@WifiStateMachine.java
private class WifiNetworkAgent extends NetworkAgent {
public WifiNetworkAgent(Looper l, Context c, String TAG, NetworkInfo ni, NetworkCapabilities nc, LinkProperties lp, int score) {
super(l, c, TAG, ni, nc, lp, score);
}
protected void unwanted() {
if (this != mNetworkAgent) return;
unwantedNetwork(network_status_unwanted_disconnect);
}
protected void networkStatus(int status) {
if (status == NetworkAgent.INVALID_NETWORK) {
unwantedNetwork(network_status_unwanted_disable_autojoin);
}
}
}
从这里我们看到,WifiNetworkAgent并没有覆盖父类NetworkAgent中的handleMessage方法,那么也就是说,当ConnectivityService向WifiNetworkAgent发送AsyncChannel请求时,该请求应该在NetworkAgent中被处理,也就是这里:
@NetworkAgent.java
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case AsyncChannel.CMD_CHANNEL_FULL_CONNECTION: {
if (mAsyncChannel != null) {
} else {
//创建WifiNetworkAgent中的AsyncChannel对象
AsyncChannel ac = new AsyncChannel();
//完成双向通道连接动作
ac.connected(null, this, msg.replyTo);
ac.replyToMessage(msg, AsyncChannel.CMD_CHANNEL_FULLY_CONNECTED, AsyncChannel.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL);
synchronized (mPreConnectedQueue) {
mAsyncChannel = ac;
for (Message m : mPreConnectedQueue) {
ac.sendMessage(m);
}
mPreConnectedQueue.clear();
}
}
break;
}
}
}
从这个handleMessage()中我们看到,对于ConnectivityService发起的CMD_CHANNEL_FULLY_CONNECTED申请,WifiNetworkAgent创建了自己的AsyncChannel对象并连接上然后发送了STATUS_SUCCESSFUL的消息。
private boolean setNetworkDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState state) {
boolean hidden = false;
if (state != mNetworkInfo.getDetailedState()) {
//更新NetworkInfo的状态
mNetworkInfo.setDetailedState(state, null, mWifiInfo.getSSID());
if (mNetworkAgent != null) {
//将最新状态发送到NetworkAgent
mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkInfo(mNetworkInfo);
}
sendNetworkStateChangeBroadcast(null);
return true;
}
return false;
}
然后我们来看NetworkAgent如何将最新的networkInfo传递到ConnectivityService中去:
@NetworkAgent.java
public void sendNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
queueOrSendMessage(EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED, new NetworkInfo(networkInfo));
}
继续:
private void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj) {
synchronized (mPreConnectedQueue) {
if (mAsyncChannel != null) {
//通过AsyncChannel发送请求
mAsyncChannel.sendMessage(what, obj);
} else {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
msg.obj = obj;
mPreConnectedQueue.add(msg);
}
}
}
到这里我们发现,NetworkAgent将最新的NetworkInfo作为一个Object放入一个EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED的消息中,然后通过AsyncChannel发送出去。那么这个消息发送到哪里了呢?
@ConnectivityService.java
private class NetworkStateTrackerHandler extends Handler {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
NetworkInfo info;
switch (msg.what) {
case NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED: {
//拿到消息中最新的NetworkInfo信息
NetworkAgentInfo nai = mNetworkAgentInfos.get(msg.replyTo);
if (nai == null) {
loge("EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED from unknown NetworkAgent");
break;
}
info = (NetworkInfo) msg.obj;
//通过updateNetworkInfo来进行更新
updateNetworkInfo(nai, info);
break;
}
}
}
}
然后我们继续来看updateNetworkInfo()的操作:
private void updateNetworkInfo(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent, NetworkInfo newInfo) {
NetworkInfo.State state = newInfo.getState();
NetworkInfo oldInfo = null;
synchronized (networkAgent) {
oldInfo = networkAgent.networkInfo;
//将最新的networkInfo更新到ConnectivityService
networkAgent.networkInfo = newInfo;
}
if (state == NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED && !networkAgent.created) {
} else if (state == NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED || state == NetworkInfo.State.SUSPENDED) {
//断开WIFI的NetworkAgent中的AsyncChannel
networkAgent.asyncChannel.disconnect();
}
}
在updateNetworkInfo()中,ConnectivityService将最新的NetworkInfo保存在networkAgent中,等待其他应用来获取。然后就向NetworkAgent的AsyncChannel发起disconnect()的请求,该请求将会在ConnectivityService中收到CMD_CHANNEL_DISCONNECTED的回应:
private class NetworkStateTrackerHandler extends Handler {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
NetworkInfo info;
switch (msg.what) {
case AsyncChannel.CMD_CHANNEL_DISCONNECTED: {
handleAsyncChannelDisconnected(msg);
break;
}
}
}
}
继续来看handleAsyncChannelDisconnected():
private void handleAsyncChannelDisconnected(Message msg) {
NetworkAgentInfo nai = mNetworkAgentInfos.get(msg.replyTo);
if (nai != null) {
final ArrayList toActivate = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < nai.networkRequests.size(); i++) {
//当前网络断开,寻找可替代的网络连接
NetworkRequest request = nai.networkRequests.valueAt(i);
NetworkAgentInfo currentNetwork = mNetworkForRequestId.get(request.requestId);
if (currentNetwork != null && currentNetwork.network.netId == nai.network.netId) {
mNetworkForRequestId.remove(request.requestId);
sendUpdatedScoreToFactories(request, 0);
NetworkAgentInfo alternative = null;
}
}
}
}
在这里,将会取出当前断开的网络所能处理的NetworkRequest,然后在当前所有向ConnectivityService注册的列表中查找可替代的连接,并通过sendUpdatedScoreToFactories()向其发起连接请求:
private void sendUpdatedScoreToFactories(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
for (int i = 0; i < nai.networkRequests.size(); i++) {
NetworkRequest nr = nai.networkRequests.valueAt(i);
if (!isRequest(nr)) continue;
sendUpdatedScoreToFactories(nr, nai.getCurrentScore());
}
}
继续:
private void sendUpdatedScoreToFactories(NetworkRequest networkRequest, int score) {
for (NetworkFactoryInfo nfi : mNetworkFactoryInfos.values()) {
nfi.asyncChannel.sendMessage(android.net.NetworkFactory.CMD_REQUEST_NETWORK, score, 0, networkRequest);
}
}
到这里将会向新的连接的NetworkFactoryInfo对象发起CMD_REQUEST_NETWORK的请求,之后相应的连接对象就可以建立连接了。