诗翻译 两首|| 未走之路The Road Not Taken; 悼念In Memorium

The Road Not Taken

        Robert Frost

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

未走之路

罗伯特•弗罗斯特
译/李雪梅

黄树林里两歧途,
左右为难去哪处?
孤身一人我驻足,
向左望去欲极目,
直至路弯草木覆。

或许右途亦有趣?
貌似更多一层理:
芳草萋萋盼人迹。
然而踏痕何所区?
途左途右并无异。

那日双途披晨辉,
皆无足迹踏草黑。
无奈途左留下回!
然而心了生之悲,
路连路啊恐难悔。

年复一年时光去,
我在何处长叹息?
两途分岔树林里--
我择一途人迹稀,
余生大势从此异。

罗伯特•弗罗斯特 Robert Lee Frost (1874 – 1963),美国诗人。出生于加利福尼亚,后随母东迁马萨诸塞州,曾就读于哈佛但因病辍学。年轻时他曾经营农场九年,其间写下了很多传世佳作。1912年,弗罗斯特携家航行到英国,结识了爱德华•托马斯(Edward Thomas)、埃兹拉·庞德(Ezra Pound)等作家,在伦敦出版了两本诗集。1915年,因为一战爆发,弗罗斯特迁回美国,以写作、教书为生。他善用现实主义手法描绘美国乡村生活,倡导使用平民化语言,生前曾四次荣获普利策诗歌奖(1924,1931,1937,1943)及其它盛誉。

在英国时(1912-1915),弗罗斯特与挚友爱德华•托马斯经常散步畅谈。托马斯做事优柔寡断,故而弗罗斯特返回美国后作了这首《未走之路》寄给他。据说此诗促使托马斯做出从军的决定,两年后死于一战战场。

此诗发表于1916年,为叙事体,通俗易懂,表达了人生抉择的复杂性:有所得必有所失。诗人最后的叹息,未必是欣慰、后悔、或讽刺,耐人寻味。

全诗四节,每节五行,韵脚abaab,每行节奏是四步抑扬格(iambic tetrameter),有四组轻重音组合。

诗翻译 两首|| 未走之路The Road Not Taken; 悼念In Memorium_第1张图片
诗翻译 两首|| 未走之路The Road Not Taken; 悼念In Memorium_第2张图片

In Memorium (Easter 1915)

     Edward Thomas

The flowers left thick at nightfall in the wood
This Eastertide call into mind the men,
Now far from home, who, with their sweethearts, should
Have gathered them and will do never again.

悼念

   爱德华•托马斯
      译/李雪梅

暮色沉沉,野花遍布树林,
复活节时,忆起那些男人:
本应在家,折花陪伴所爱;
远逝他乡,徒留花儿销魂。

爱德华•托马斯 Edward Thomas(1878 – 1917),英国文学评论家、小说家、诗人,出生于伦敦南部。大学时期就决定以写作为生,以文学评论为主,兼写反映乡村生活的小说。1914年开始写诗,与旅英诗人罗伯特•弗罗斯特交往甚密。尽管中年已婚,他还是于1915年应征入伍,两年后战死于一战的法国战场。

这首简短的小诗反思战争与和平,用林中鲜花反衬死去的军人。全诗只有四句,韵脚为ABAB,五步抑扬格节奏。这种格式被称作挽歌诗节,即诗行轮流押韵的抑扬格五音步四行诗,也作heroic quatrain。

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