UI是实现用户交互的重要途径之一,而Android中一个重要的UI元素就是SystemUI,本文分析基于Android 5.1,分析SystemUI的启动及运行过程。
SystemUI源代码所在路径为:
frameworks/base/packages/SystemUI
包名为com.android.systemui
package="com.android.systemui"
分配的userID为android.uid.systemui
android:sharedUserId="android.uid.systemui"
标明此应用为系统核心App
coreApp="true"
接下来是一系列的权限声明,包括Networking and telephony
,Physical hardware
,ActivityManager
,WindowManager
,DreamManager
,Alarm clocks
,Keyguard
,Recents
,Wifi Display
,Screen Capturing
等方面的权限。
接下来看
此应用不会轻易被kill,并且会自动启动
android:persistent="true"
用户数据不可清除
android:allowClearUserData="false"
启用硬件加速
android:hardwareAccelerated="true"
设置系统进程
android:process="com.android.systemui"
其他属性为常规属性,很多app都会有,在此不再赘述。
接下来是分析SystemUI的重点,看下都涉及到了哪些activity,service和receiver。
activity:
.usb.UsbStorageActivity
com.android.internal.app.ExternalMediaFormatActivity
.recent.RecentsActivity
.recents.RecentsActivity
.usb.UsbConfirmActivity
.usb.UsbPermissionActivity
.usb.UsbResolverActivity
.usb.UsbAccessoryUriActivity
.usb.UsbDebuggingActivity
.net.NetworkOverLimitActivity
.media.MediaProjectionPermissionActivity
.DessertCase
.egg.LLandActivity
.Somnambulator
.settings.BrightnessDialog
service:
SystemUIService
.screenshot.TakeScreenshotService
.LoadAverageService
.ImageWallpaper
.DessertCaseDream
.keyguard.KeyguardService
.doze.DozeService
receiver:
.BootReceiver
.qs.tiles.HotspotTile$APChangedReceiver
.recent.RecentsPreloadReceiver
.recents.RecentsUserEventProxyReceiver
众多activity中并没有LAUNCHER,也就是说SystemUI是没有启动界面的。
既然SystemUI没有启动界面,也无需人为启动,那么SystemUI是怎么启动起来的呢?接下来就将对这个问题进行说明。
从结果来看,在SystemService貌似有什么线索。打开SystemService.java(frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/),以下代码就展现在眼前了。
static final void startSystemUi(Context context) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.systemui",
"com.android.systemui.SystemUIService"));
//Slog.d(TAG, "Starting service: " + intent);
context.startServiceAsUser(intent, UserHandle.OWNER);
}
在代码中可以看到SystemUIService被启动了起来,那么哪里调用了这个方法呢?在此类中继续查找,又发现如下代码:
mActivityManagerService.systemReady(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Slog.i(TAG, "Making services ready");
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY);
try {
mActivityManagerService.startObservingNativeCrashes();
} catch (Throwable e) {
reportWtf("observing native crashes", e);
}
Slog.i(TAG, "WebViewFactory preparation");
WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInSystemServer();
try {
startSystemUi(context);
} catch (Throwable e) {
reportWtf("starting System UI", e);
}
...
}
}
由代码可知,ActivityManagerService调用了systemReady()
方法,也就是系统就绪就会调用run()
方法。那么会在何时执行到此处呢?再往上探索,发现上述代码位于startOtherServices()
方法中,那么还是那个问题,何时调用startOtherServices()
方法。再往上探索,发现startOtherServices()
位于一个run()
方法中
private void run() {
···
// Start services.
try {
startBootstrapServices();
startCoreServices();
startOtherServices();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
}
···
}
再往上追一追,最终找到了这个类的开始:
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}
嗯,这是···,很熟悉嘛。
至于SystemService则是由Zygote启动的,在此就不多追溯了。
至此,SystemServer已经启动,那么在SystemServer里面又做了什么事情呢?
在SystemUIService中,主要代码就一个onCreate()
方法,来看看他做了啥:
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
((SystemUIApplication) getApplication()).startServicesIfNeeded();
}
转型为SystemUIApplication并且调用startServicesIfNeeded()
方法。那么接下来去看看startServicesIfNeeded()
方法做了些什么。
public void startServicesIfNeeded() {
if (mServicesStarted) {
return;
}
if (!mBootCompleted) {
// check to see if maybe it was already completed long before we began
// see ActivityManagerService.finishBooting()
if ("1".equals(SystemProperties.get("sys.boot_completed"))) {
mBootCompleted = true;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "BOOT_COMPLETED was already sent");
}
}
Log.v(TAG, "Starting SystemUI services.");
final int N = SERVICES.length;
for (int i=0; i cl = SERVICES[i];
if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "loading: " + cl);
try {
mServices[i] = (SystemUI)cl.newInstance();
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
mServices[i].mContext = this;
mServices[i].mComponents = mComponents;
if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "running: " + mServices[i]);
mServices[i].start();
if (mBootCompleted) {
mServices[i].onBootCompleted();
}
}
mServicesStarted = true;
}
根据代码中涉及到的mServices,追溯其来源:
private final SystemUI[] mServices = new SystemUI[SERVICES.length];
再往上,得到SERVICES的由来:
private final Class>[] SERVICES = new Class[] {
com.android.systemui.keyguard.KeyguardViewMediator.class,
com.android.systemui.recent.Recents.class,
com.android.systemui.volume.VolumeUI.class,
com.android.systemui.statusbar.SystemBars.class,
com.android.systemui.usb.StorageNotification.class,
com.android.systemui.power.PowerUI.class,
com.android.systemui.media.RingtonePlayer.class
};
在这里定义了很多System Panel,这里叫做SERVICES,并非真正的services,运行在SystemUIService中的子服务。此时再来回头看onCreate()
方法:
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
// Set the application theme that is inherited by all services. Note that setting the
// application theme in the manifest does only work for activities. Keep this in sync with
// the theme set there.
setTheme(R.style.systemui_theme);
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED);
filter.setPriority(IntentFilter.SYSTEM_HIGH_PRIORITY);
registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (mBootCompleted) return;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "BOOT_COMPLETED received");
unregisterReceiver(this);
mBootCompleted = true;
if (mServicesStarted) {
final int N = mServices.length;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
mServices[i].onBootCompleted();
}
}
}
}, filter);
}
在onCreate()方法中,注册了广播接收器,用于接收开机完成的广播,并将开机完成的状态传递给每个SERVICE。
经过以上代码的追溯,可知:
mServices[i] = (SystemUI)cl.newInstance();
//实例化子服务,并将其存储于mService[i]中。
mServices[i].mContext = this;
//设置mService[i]的Context
mServices[i].mComponents = mComponents;
//设置mService[i]的Components
mServices[i].start();
//运行mService[i]
至此,SystemUIService的启动就已完成,伴随着SystemUIService的完成,SystemUI的核心service也就启动了,SystemUIService的使命也就完成了,接下来的事情就交由各个子服务去完成了。
以上属于个人体验心得总结,若有不足之处,还望不吝赐教,欢迎批评指正,共同进步