HBase多线程建立HTable问题

最近在写wormhole的HBase plugin，需要分别实现hbase reader和hbase writer，在测试的时候会报错如下：

2013-07-08 09:30:02,568 [pool-2-thread-1] org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.processBatchCallback(HConnectionManager.java:1631) WARN  client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation - Failed all from region=t1,,1373246892580.877bb26da1e4aed541915870fa924224., hostname=test89.hadoop, port=60020
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.io.IOException: Call to test89.hadoop/10.1.77.89:60020 failed on local exception: java.io.InterruptedIOException: Interruped while waiting for IO on channel java.nio.channels.SocketChannel[connected local=/10.1.77.84:51032 remote=test89.hadoop/10.1.77.89:60020]. 59999 millis timeout left.
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerGet(FutureTask.java:222)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:83)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.processBatchCallback(HConnectionManager.java:1601)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.processBatch(HConnectionManager.java:1453)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable.flushCommits(HTable.java:936)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable.put(HTable.java:783)
	at com.dp.nebula.wormhole.plugins.common.HBaseClient.flush(HBaseClient.java:121)
	at com.dp.nebula.wormhole.plugins.writer.hbasewriter.HBaseWriter.commit(HBaseWriter.java:112)
	at com.dp.nebula.wormhole.engine.core.WriterThread.call(WriterThread.java:52)
	at com.dp.nebula.wormhole.engine.core.WriterThread.call(WriterThread.java:1)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:895)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:918)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: java.io.IOException: Call to test89.hadoop/10.1.77.89:60020 failed on local exception: java.io.InterruptedIOException: Interruped while waiting for IO on channel java.nio.channels.SocketChannel[connected local=/10.1.77.84:51032 remote=test89.hadoop/10.1.77.89:60020]. 59999 millis timeout left.
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.HBaseClient.wrapException(HBaseClient.java:1030)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.HBaseClient.call(HBaseClient.java:999)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.SecureRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(SecureRpcEngine.java:104)
​	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.multi(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation$3$1.call(HConnectionManager.java:1430)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation$3$1.call(HConnectionManager.java:1428)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ServerCallable.withoutRetries(ServerCallable.java:215)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation$3.call(HConnectionManager.java:1437)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation$3.call(HConnectionManager.java:1425)
	... 5 more
Caused by: java.io.InterruptedIOException: Interruped while waiting for IO on channel java.nio.channels.SocketChannel[connected local=/10.1.77.84:51032 remote=test89.hadoop/10.1.77.89:60020]. 59999 millis timeout left.
2013-07-08 09:30:03,579 [pool-2-thread-6] com.dp.nebula.wormhole.engine.core.WriterThread.call(WriterThread.java:56) ERROR core.WriterThread - Exception occurs in writer thread!
com.dp.nebula.wormhole.common.WormholeException: java.io.IOException: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation@b7c96a9 closed
	at com.dp.nebula.wormhole.plugins.writer.hbasewriter.HBaseWriter.commit(HBaseWriter.java:114)
	at com.dp.nebula.wormhole.engine.core.WriterThread.call(WriterThread.java:52)
	at com.dp.nebula.wormhole.engine.core.WriterThread.call(WriterThread.java:1)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:895)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:918)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: java.io.IOException: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation@b7c96a9 closed
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.locateRegion(HConnectionManager.java:877)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.locateRegion(HConnectionManager.java:857)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.processBatchCallback(HConnectionManager.java:1568)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.processBatch(HConnectionManager.java:1453)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable.flushCommits(HTable.java:936)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable.put(HTable.java:783)
	at com.dp.nebula.wormhole.plugins.common.HBaseClient.flush(HBaseClient.java:121)
	at com.dp.nebula.wormhole.plugins.writer.hbasewriter.HBaseWriter.commit(HBaseWriter.java:112)
	... 7 more

wormhole的reader和writer会分别起一个ThreadPoolExecutor，出错是在writer端的flush阶段，也就是最后一次批量插入操作。由于我的reader是每一个thread一个htable instance没有问题，而writer是共用了一个singleton HBaseClient，然后用ThreadLocal去保证每一个thread拥有一个本地htable对象，有可能有错误，最简单的方法是把writer端不用singleton HBaseClient，问题应该解决，不过没搞清root cause，不爽啊。。。
后来看了HTable和HAdmin的源代码才有点线索

public HTable(Configuration conf, final byte [] tableName)
  throws IOException {
    this.tableName = tableName;
    this.cleanupPoolOnClose = this.cleanupConnectionOnClose = true;
    if (conf == null) {
      this.connection = null;
      return;
    }
    this.connection = HConnectionManager.getConnection(conf);
    this.configuration = conf;
    int maxThreads = conf.getInt("hbase.htable.threads.max", Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    if (maxThreads == 0) {
      maxThreads = 1; // is there a better default?
    }
    long keepAliveTime = conf.getLong("hbase.htable.threads.keepalivetime", 60);
    ((ThreadPoolExecutor)this.pool).allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
    this.finishSetup();
  }

每一个HTable instance都有一个HConnection对象，它负责与Zookeeper和之后的HBase Cluster建立链接（比如cluster中定位region，locations的cache，当region移动后重新校准），它由HConnectionManager来管理

  public static HConnection getConnection(Configuration conf)
  throws ZooKeeperConnectionException {
    HConnectionKey connectionKey = new HConnectionKey(conf);
    synchronized (HBASE_INSTANCES) {
      HConnectionImplementation connection = HBASE_INSTANCES.get(connectionKey);
      if (connection == null) {
        connection = new HConnectionImplementation(conf, true);
        HBASE_INSTANCES.put(connectionKey, connection);
      }
      connection.incCount();
      return connection;
    }
  }

HConnectionManager内部有LRU MAP  => HBASE_INSTANCES的静态变量作为cache，key为HConnectionKey，包含了username和指定的properties(由传进去的conf提取), value就是HConnection具体实现HConnectionImplementation，由于传入进去的conf都一样，所以都指向同一个HConnectionImplementation，最后会调用connection.incCount()将client reference count加1 

  public void close() throws IOException {
    if (this.closed) {
      return;
    }
    flushCommits();
    if (cleanupPoolOnClose) {
      this.pool.shutdown();
    }
    if (cleanupConnectionOnClose) {
      if (this.connection != null) {
        this.connection.close();
      }
    }
    this.closed = true;
  }

HTable close的时候，会先flushCommits，将writerBuffer中的List一次性通过connection的processBatch方法处理掉，然后进入close connection逻辑，依据也是reference count，先对其减1，当为0或者是过期connection，就会执行close connection并从HBASE_INSTANCES中remove掉。

关闭步骤：

1. 关闭HMasterInterface

2. 关闭一串HRegionInterface

3. 关闭zookeeper watcher

HConnectionImplementation connection = HBASE_INSTANCES
          .get(connectionKey);
      if (connection != null) {
        connection.decCount();
        if (connection.isZeroReference() || staleConnection) {
          HBASE_INSTANCES.remove(connectionKey);
          connection.close(stopProxy);
        } else if (stopProxy) {
          connection.stopProxyOnClose(stopProxy);
        }
      }else {
        LOG.error("Connection not found in the list, can't delete it "+
          "(connection key="+connectionKey+"). May be the key was modified?");
      }

HBaseAdmin内部也是一样，也是reference了一个HConnection，可以认为和HTable是共享HConnection

分析到这里再联想到之前的报错信息"java.io.IOException: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation@b7c96a9 closed"，应该是client reference count数的问题，果然在我的HBaseClient代码里面在初始化环节会new一个singleton HBaseClient，里面new一个HBaseAdmin（thread共享），在各个thread启动时候会new 一个threadloca的htable对象

	private HTable getHTable() throws IOException {
		HTable htable = threadLocalHtable.get();
		if (htable == null) {
			htable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
			htable.setAutoFlush(autoFlush);
			htable.setWriteBufferSize(writeBufferSize);
			threadLocalHtable.set(htable);
		}
		return htable;
	}

但是我的close方法写的有问题，把HBaseAdmin close了很多遍（每个thread close了一次）

	public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
		HTable table = threadLocalHtable.get();
		if (table != null) {
		    ​table.close();
    ​    ​    ​    ​    ​table = null;
    ​    ​    ​    ​    ​threadLocalHtable.remove();
		}
		if (admin != null) {
			admin.close();
		}
	}

假设一种场景，有10个writer线程，那么reference count是11 (10个HTable和1个HBaseAdmin)，前5个thread close没问题，第6个thread先close htable，然后发现引用数为0了，它关闭了HConnection，然后再close admin无效，但是其余4个线程这时候有可能在执行flush操作，HConnection既然已经断了，那肯定没办法flush完啊，抛出异常出来

	public void flush() throws IOException {
		if (getPutBuffer().size() > 0) {
			getHTable().put(getPutBuffer());
			clearPutBuffer();
		}
	}

知道了错误原因后，果断在close HBaseAdmin后，把它指向NULL,这样就不会导致重复关闭的问题了

		if (admin != null) {
			admin.close();
			admin = null;
		}

这个问题困扰我几天，网上又找不到任何资料，后来还是看了HBase源代码才有新的发现并解决的，看来真碰到问题一定要懂底层代码才行。

本文链接http://blog.csdn.net/lalaguozhe/article/details/9268753，转载请注明