Android Https请求的简单使用(Volley Https请求的示例)
导语
官方文档：https://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-ssl.html#CommonProblems
Https使用了数字签名，对于数字签名的理解，阮一峰翻译一篇关于这方面很好的文章
数字签名一般会使用RSA算法，对于RSA算法的理解，阮一峰也提供两篇生动的文章来说明：
- 上篇
- 下篇
如果看到一大段数学公式就不想往下看的同学，我这里给个简化版的：
将两个大质数相乘十分容易，但是想要对其乘积进行因式分解却极其困难，文章中给出了的例子：
将
1230186684530117755130494958384962720772853569595334
7921973224521517264005072636575187452021997864693899
5647494277406384592519255732630345373154826850791702
6122142913461670429214311602221240479274737794080665
351419597459856902143413
分解成两个质数的乘积，因为现在的方法只能暴力破解，以目前电子计算机的运算速率来看，即使破解了，也会耗费相当长的时间，导致破解行为本身没有什么意义
一般网站的链接
google给的示例代码有些过于简单，我添加了一些东西，复制粘贴就可以运行：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
URL url = new URL("https://wikipedia.org");
URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();
InputStream in = urlConnection.getInputStream();
printInputStream(in);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}.start();
}
private void printInputStream(InputStream is){
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
String line = null;
try {
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
String rs = sb.toString();
Log.e("inputSteam",rs);
}
}正常访问，结果为：
点击这里查看大图
有数字签名的网站
不做任何处理
将上面代码的第11行的网址改为：https://certs.cac.washington.edu/CAtest/
运行的结果会报错：
点击这里查看大图
官方给的处理
这里同样处理一下细节，复制可以直接运行
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private final String load = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"MIIEBzCCA3CgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgT\n" +
"AldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNVBAsTC1VXIFNlcnZp\n" +
"Y2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYXaGVscEBjYWMud2Fz\n" +
"aGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwHhcNMDMwMjI1MTgyNTA5WhcNMzAwOTAzMTgyNTA5WjCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMC\n" +
"VVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNV\n" +
"BAsTC1VXIFNlcnZpY2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYX\n" +
"aGVscEBjYWMud2FzaGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALwCo6h4\n" +
"T44m+7ve+BrnEqflqBISFaZTXyJTjIVQ39ZWhE0B3LafbbZYju0imlQLG+MEVAtNDdiYICcBcKsa\n" +
"pr2dxOi31Nv0moCkOj7iQueMVU4E1TghYIR2I8hqixFCQIP/CMtSDail/POzFzzdVxI1pv2wRc5c\n" +
"L6zNwV25gbn3AgMBAAGjggFlMIIBYTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXQwgcEG\n" +
"A1UdIwSBuTCBtoAUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXShgZqkgZcwgZQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n" +
"CQYDVQQIEwJXQTEhMB8GA1UEChMYVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBXYXNoaW5ndG9uMRQwEgYDVQQLEwtV\n" +
"VyBTZXJ2aWNlczEXMBUGA1UEAxMOVVcgU2VydmljZXMgQ0ExJjAkBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWF2hlbHBA\n" +
"Y2FjLndhc2hpbmd0b24uZWR1ggEAMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wKwYDVR0RBCQwIoYgaHR0cDovL2Nl\n" +
"cnRzLmNhYy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS8wQQYDVR0fBDowODA2oDSgMoYwaHR0cDovL2NlcnRzLmNh\n" +
"Yy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS9VV1NlcnZpY2VzQ0EuY3JsMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA4GBAIn0PNmI\n" +
"JjT9bM5d++BtQ5UpccUBI9XVh1sCX/NdxPDZ0pPCw7HOOwILumpulT9hGZm9Rd+W4GnNDAMV40we\n" +
"s8REptvOZObBBrjaaphDe1D/MwnrQythmoNKc33bFg9RotHrIfT4EskaIXSx0PywbyfIR1wWxMpr\n" +
"8gbCjAEUHNF/\n" +
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
URL url = null;
HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = null;
InputStream in = null;
try {
//1.生成证书:Certificate
CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
InputStream caInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(load.getBytes());
Certificate ca = null;
try {
ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput);
System.out.println("ca=" + ((X509Certificate) ca).getSubjectDN());
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
caInput.close();
}
//2.初始化公钥:keyStore
String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);
keyStore.load(null, null);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);
//3.初始化TrustManagerFactory
String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm);
tmf.init(keyStore);
//4.初始化sslContext
SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
context.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);
//5.建立Https链接
url = new URL("https://certs.cac.washington.edu/CAtest/");
//注意，这里是HttpsURLConnection
urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
urlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(context.getSocketFactory());
in = urlConnection.getInputStream();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
copyInputStreamToOutputStream(in);
}
}.start();
}
private void copyInputStreamToOutputStream(InputStream is) {
if (is == null)
return;
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
String line = null;
try {
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Log.e("inputstrem", sb.toString());
}
}运行结果：
点击这里查看大图
第二行的load的由来：
- 下载load-der.crt
- 在cmd中输入命令：keytool -printcert -rfc -file 文件地址
点击这里查看大图
实现的流程也很简单：
Created with Raphaël 2.1.0 开始 生成证书:Certificate 初始化公钥:keyStore 初始化TrustManagerFactory 初始化sslContext 建立Https链接 后续的处理
Volley的示例
在实际开发中，我们使用网络框架来进行网络中的交互，所以上面的代码肯定是用不到的；现在通用的网络请求框架，都给HTTPS请求留出了空间来实现，下面以Volley为例：
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private final String load = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"MIIEBzCCA3CgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgT\n" +
"AldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNVBAsTC1VXIFNlcnZp\n" +
"Y2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYXaGVscEBjYWMud2Fz\n" +
"aGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwHhcNMDMwMjI1MTgyNTA5WhcNMzAwOTAzMTgyNTA5WjCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMC\n" +
"VVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNV\n" +
"BAsTC1VXIFNlcnZpY2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYX\n" +
"aGVscEBjYWMud2FzaGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALwCo6h4\n" +
"T44m+7ve+BrnEqflqBISFaZTXyJTjIVQ39ZWhE0B3LafbbZYju0imlQLG+MEVAtNDdiYICcBcKsa\n" +
"pr2dxOi31Nv0moCkOj7iQueMVU4E1TghYIR2I8hqixFCQIP/CMtSDail/POzFzzdVxI1pv2wRc5c\n" +
"L6zNwV25gbn3AgMBAAGjggFlMIIBYTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXQwgcEG\n" +
"A1UdIwSBuTCBtoAUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXShgZqkgZcwgZQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n" +
"CQYDVQQIEwJXQTEhMB8GA1UEChMYVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBXYXNoaW5ndG9uMRQwEgYDVQQLEwtV\n" +
"VyBTZXJ2aWNlczEXMBUGA1UEAxMOVVcgU2VydmljZXMgQ0ExJjAkBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWF2hlbHBA\n" +
"Y2FjLndhc2hpbmd0b24uZWR1ggEAMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wKwYDVR0RBCQwIoYgaHR0cDovL2Nl\n" +
"cnRzLmNhYy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS8wQQYDVR0fBDowODA2oDSgMoYwaHR0cDovL2NlcnRzLmNh\n" +
"Yy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS9VV1NlcnZpY2VzQ0EuY3JsMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA4GBAIn0PNmI\n" +
"JjT9bM5d++BtQ5UpccUBI9XVh1sCX/NdxPDZ0pPCw7HOOwILumpulT9hGZm9Rd+W4GnNDAMV40we\n" +
"s8REptvOZObBBrjaaphDe1D/MwnrQythmoNKc33bFg9RotHrIfT4EskaIXSx0PywbyfIR1wWxMpr\n" +
"8gbCjAEUHNF/\n" +
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//生成SSLSocketFactory
SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = initSSLSocketFactory();
//HurlStack两个参数默认都是null,如果传入SSLSocketFactory，那么会以Https的方式来请求网络
HurlStack stack = new HurlStack(null, sslSocketFactory);
//通常，我们调用的是Volley.newRequestQueue(context),HurlStack为默认的，也就是不处理Https的情况
//现在传入处理Https的HurlStack，Volley就会去处理相应的请求
RequestQueue requestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(this, stack);
//去访问网络
StringRequest request = new StringRequest("https://certs.cac.washington.edu/CAtest/",
new Response.Listener() {
@Override
public void onResponse(String response) {
Log.e("onResponse", response);
}
}, new Response.ErrorListener() {
@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
Log.e("error", error.getMessage());
}
});
requestQueue.add(request);
}
/**
* 生成SSLSocketFactory
* 这里的代码与之前相比，没有什么不同
*
* @return
*/
private SSLSocketFactory initSSLSocketFactory() {
//生成证书:Certificate
CertificateFactory cf = null;
SSLSocketFactory factory = null;
try {
cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
InputStream caInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(load.getBytes());
Certificate ca = null;
try {
ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput);
} finally {
try {
caInput.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//初始化公钥:keyStore
String keyType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyType);
keyStore.load(null, null);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);
//初始化TrustManagerFactory
String algorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
TrustManagerFactory managerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
managerFactory.init(keyStore);
//初始化sslContext
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(null, managerFactory.getTrustManagers(), null);
factory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return factory;
}
} 结果展示：
点击这里查看大图
示例代码很简单，如果有需要，在项目里稍微写写代码，就可以集成进去。
成熟网络请求框架都给使用者留出了传递“SSLSocketFactory ”的入口，仔细阅读下网络请求框架初始化的代码，就可以找对应的地方。
结语
HTTPS认证貌似要花不少的银子，一般各位也不会用到，如果要使用HTTPS，可以参考下上面的示例代码。另外，开头推荐阮一峰的几篇文章，希望各位看官查阅。
转载请标明出处http://blog.csdn.net/qq_26411333/article/details/52056809