C# API方式串口读写

 

在调试ICU通信设备的时候,由于串口通信老出现故障,所以就怀疑CF实现的SerialPort类是否有问题,所以最后决定用纯 API函数实现串口读写。
先从网上搜索相关代码(关键字: C# API 串口),发现网上相关的资料大约来源于一个版本,那就是所谓的msdn提供的样例代码(msdn的具体出处,我没有考证),其它的代码大都是它的变种。
其实这个示例代码是有问题的,也就是说 DCB结构体声明的有问题,虽然该代码可以正常通信,不过如果你设置了奇偶校验的话,你会发现奇偶校验无效。
VC中的 DCB结构声明如下:
typedef struct _DCB {
    DWORD DCBlength;      /* sizeof(DCB)                     */
    DWORD BaudRate;       /* Baudrate at which running       */
    DWORD fBinary: 1;     /* Binary Mode (skip EOF check)    */
    DWORD fParity: 1;     /* Enable parity checking          */
    DWORD fOutxCtsFlow:1; /* CTS handshaking on output       */
    DWORD fOutxDsrFlow:1; /* DSR handshaking on output       */
    DWORD fDtrControl:2; /* DTR Flow control                */
    DWORD fDsrSensitivity:1; /* DSR Sensitivity              */
    DWORD fTXContinueOnXoff: 1; /* Continue TX when Xoff sent */
    DWORD fOutX: 1;       /* Enable output X-ON/X-OFF        */
    DWORD fInX: 1;        /* Enable input X-ON/X-OFF         */
    DWORD fErrorChar: 1; /* Enable Err Replacement          */
    DWORD fNull: 1;       /* Enable Null stripping           */
    DWORD fRtsControl:2; /* Rts Flow control                */
    DWORD fAbortOnError:1; /* Abort all reads and writes on Error */
    DWORD fDummy2:17;     /* Reserved                        */
    WORD wReserved;       /* Not currently used              */
    WORD XonLim;          /* Transmit X-ON threshold         */
    WORD XoffLim;         /* Transmit X-OFF threshold        */
    BYTE ByteSize;        /* Number of bits/byte, 4-8        */
    BYTE Parity;          /* 0-4=None,Odd,Even,Mark,Space    */
    BYTE StopBits;        /* 0,1,2 = 1, 1.5, 2               */
    char XonChar;         /* Tx and Rx X-ON character        */
    char XoffChar;        /* Tx and Rx X-OFF character       */
    char ErrorChar;       /* Error replacement char          */
    char EofChar;         /* End of Input character          */
    char EvtChar;         /* Received Event character        */
    WORD wReserved1;      /* Fill for now.                   */
} DCB, *LPDCB;
 
有问题的代码 DCB结构声明如下:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct DCB
        {
            public int DCBlength;
            public int BaudRate;
            public int fBinary;
            public int fParity;
            public int fOutxCtsFlow;
            public int fOutxDsrFlow;
            public int fDtrControl;
            public int fDsrSensitivity;
            public int fTXContinueOnXoff;
            public int fOutX;
            public int fInX;
            public int fErrorChar;
            public int fNull;
            public int fRtsControl;
            public int fAbortOnError;
            public int fDummy2;
            public uint flags;
            public ushort wReserved;
            public ushort XonLim;
            public ushort XoffLim;
            public byte ByteSize;
            public byte Parity;
            public byte StopBits;
            public byte XonChar;
            public byte XoffChar;
            public byte ErrorChar;
            public byte EofChar;
            public byte EvtChar;
            public ushort wReserved1;
        }
对C++比较熟悉网友应该知道,结构体中这种格式的声明,如DWORD fBinary: 1;是以位为单位进行变量设置的, DCB中相关位一共占4个字节,也就是相当于C#中的一个int变量所占的空间。很明显上面的DCB结构会有问题,实际上后面你设置的串口参数,如奇偶校验由于偏移有问题,虽然你设置了,其实都没有设置成功。
其实也不是我说人家的 DCB声明错了就错了,在SerialPort类中你就可以找到微软官方自己的DCB声明(需要反编译SerialPort类),声明如下:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct DCB
        {
            public int DCBlength;
            public int BaudRate;
            public uint Flags;
            public ushort wReserved;
            public ushort XonLim;
            public ushort XoffLim;
            public byte ByteSize;
            public byte Parity;
            public byte StopBits;
            public byte XonChar;
            public byte XoffChar;
            public byte ErrorChar;
            public byte EofChar;
            public byte EvtChar;
            public ushort wReserved1;
        }
并且专门有一个设置位标志的函数,如下:
internal void SetDcbFlag(int whichFlag, int setting)
        {
            uint num;
            setting = setting << whichFlag;
            if ((whichFlag == 4) || (whichFlag == 12))
            {
                num = 3;
            }
            else if (whichFlag == 15)
            {
                num = 0x1ffff;
            }
            else
            {
                num = 1;
            }
            dcb.flags &= ~(num << whichFlag);
            dcb.flags |= (uint)setting;
        }
经过修改能正确运行的API代码如下(注意,由于我是在WinCE平台上运行,所以DLL的路径为"//windows//coredll.dll",你修改为"kernel32"后即可在 PC机使用):
///
    /// API 串口类 叶帆修改 http://blog.csdn.net/yefanqiu
    ///
    public class CommPort
    {
        ///
        /// 端口名称(COM1,COM2...COM4...)
        ///
        public string Port = "COM1:";
        ///
        /// 波特率9600
        ///
        public int BaudRate = 9600;
        ///
        /// 数据位4-8
        ///
        public byte ByteSize = 8; //4-8
        ///
        /// 奇偶校验0-4=no,odd,even,mark,space
        ///
        public byte Parity = 0;   //0-4=no,odd,even,mark,space
        ///
        /// 停止位
        ///
        public byte StopBits = 0;   //0,1,2 = 1, 1.5, 2
        ///
        /// 超时长
        ///
        public int ReadTimeout = 200;
        ///
        /// 串口是否已经打开
        ///
        public bool Opened = false;
        ///
        /// COM 口句柄
        ///
        private int hComm = -1;
 
        #region "API 相关定义"
        private const string DLLPATH = "//windows//coredll.dll"; // "kernel32";
 
        ///
        /// WINAPI 常量,写标志
        ///
        private const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
        ///
        /// WINAPI 常量,读标志
        ///
        private const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
        ///
        /// WINAPI 常量,打开已存在
        ///
        private const int OPEN_EXISTING = 3;
        ///
        /// WINAPI 常量,无效句柄
        ///
        private const int INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = -1;
 
        private const int PURGE_RXABORT = 0x2;
        private const int PURGE_RXCLEAR = 0x8;
        private const int PURGE_TXABORT = 0x1;
        private const int PURGE_TXCLEAR = 0x4;
 
        ///
        /// 设备控制块结构体类型
        ///
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct DCB
        {
           ///
            /// DCB 长度
            ///
            public int DCBlength;
            ///
            /// 指定当前波特率
            ///
            public int BaudRate;
            ///
            /// 标志位
            ///
            public uint flags;
            ///
            /// 未使用,必须为0
            ///
            public ushort wReserved;
            ///
            /// 指定在XON字符发送这前接收缓冲区中可允许的最小字节数
            ///
            public ushort XonLim;
            ///
            /// 指定在XOFF字符发送这前接收缓冲区中可允许的最小字节数
            ///
            public ushort XoffLim;
            ///
            /// 指定端口当前使用的数据位
            ///
            public byte ByteSize;
            ///
            /// 指定端口当前使用的奇偶校验方法,可能为:EVENPARITY,MARKPARITY,NOPARITY,ODDPARITY 0-4=no,odd,even,mark,space
            ///
            public byte Parity;
            ///
            /// 指定端口当前使用的停止位数,可能为:ONESTOPBIT,ONE5STOPBITS,TWOSTOPBITS 0,1,2 = 1, 1.5, 2
            ///
            public byte StopBits;
            ///
            /// 指定用于发送和接收字符XON的值 Tx and Rx XON character
            ///
            public byte XonChar;
            ///
            /// 指定用于发送和接收字符XOFF值 Tx and Rx XOFF character
            ///
            public byte XoffChar;
            ///
            /// 本字符用来代替接收到的奇偶校验发生错误时的值
            ///
            public byte ErrorChar;
            ///
            /// 当没有使用二进制模式时,本字符可用来指示数据的结束
            ///
            public byte EofChar;
            ///
            /// 当接收到此字符时,会产生一个事件
            ///
            public byte EvtChar;
            ///
            /// 未使用
            ///
            public ushort wReserved1;
        }
 
        ///
        /// 串口超时时间结构体类型
        ///
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        private struct COMMTIMEOUTS
        {
            public int ReadIntervalTimeout;
            public int ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier;
            public int ReadTotalTimeoutConstant;
            public int WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier;
            public int WriteTotalTimeoutConstant;
        }
 
        ///
        /// 溢出缓冲区结构体类型
        ///
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        private struct OVERLAPPED
        {
            public int Internal;
            public int InternalHigh;
            public int Offset;
            public int OffsetHigh;
            public int hEvent;
        }
 
        ///
        /// 打开串口
        ///
        /// 要打开的串口名称
        /// 指定串口的访问方式,一般设置为可读可写方式
        /// 指定串口的共享模式,串口不能共享,所以设置为0
        /// 设置串口的安全属性,WIN9X下不支持,应设为NULL
        /// 对于串口通信,创建方式只能为OPEN_EXISTING
        /// 指定串口属性与标志,设置为FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED(重叠I/O操作),指定串口以异步方式通信
        /// 对于串口通信必须设置为NULL
        [DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        private static extern int CreateFile(string lpFileName, uint dwDesiredAccess, int dwShareMode,
        int lpSecurityAttributes, int dwCreationDisposition, int dwFlagsAndAttributes, int hTemplateFile);
 
        ///
        /// 得到串口状态
        ///
        /// 通信设备句柄
        /// 设备控制块DCB
        [DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        private static extern bool GetCommState(int hFile, ref DCB lpDCB);
 
        ///
        /// 建立串口设备控制块(嵌入版没有)
        ///
        /// 设备控制字符串
        /// 设备控制块
        //[DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        //private static extern bool BuildCommDCB(string lpDef, ref DCB lpDCB);
 
        ///
        /// 设置串口状态
        ///
        /// 通信设备句柄
        /// 设备控制块
        [DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        private static extern bool SetCommState(int hFile, ref DCB lpDCB);
 
        ///
        /// 读取串口超时时间
        ///
        /// 通信设备句柄
        /// 超时时间
        [DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        private static extern bool GetCommTimeouts(int hFile, ref COMMTIMEOUTS lpCommTimeouts);
 
        ///
        /// 设置串口超时时间
        ///
        /// 通信设备句柄
        /// 超时时间
        [DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        private static extern bool SetCommTimeouts(int hFile, ref COMMTIMEOUTS lpCommTimeouts);
 
        ///
        /// 读取串口数据
        ///
        /// 通信设备句柄
        /// 数据缓冲区
        /// 多少字节等待读取
        /// 读取多少字节
        /// 溢出缓冲区
        [DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        private static extern bool ReadFile(int hFile, byte[] lpBuffer, int nNumberOfBytesToRead,
        ref int lpNumberOfBytesRead, ref OVERLAPPED lpOverlapped);
 
        ///
        /// 写串口数据
        ///
        /// 通信设备句柄
        /// 数据缓冲区
        /// 多少字节等待写入
        /// 已经写入多少字节
        /// 溢出缓冲区
        [DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        private static extern bool WriteFile(int hFile, byte[] lpBuffer, int nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
        ref int lpNumberOfBytesWritten, ref OVERLAPPED lpOverlapped);
 
        [DllImport(DLLPATH, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern bool FlushFileBuffers(int hFile);
 
        [DllImport(DLLPATH, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern bool PurgeComm(int hFile, uint dwFlags);
 
        ///
        /// 关闭串口
        ///
        /// 通信设备句柄
        [DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        private static extern bool CloseHandle(int hObject);
 
        ///
        /// 得到串口最后一次返回的错误
        ///
        [DllImport(DLLPATH)]
        private static extern uint GetLastError();
        #endregion
 
        ///
        /// 设置DCB标志位
        ///
        ///
        ///
        ///
        internal void SetDcbFlag(int whichFlag, int setting, DCB dcb)
        {
            uint num;
            setting = setting << whichFlag;
            if ((whichFlag == 4) || (whichFlag == 12))
            {
                num = 3;
            }
            else if (whichFlag == 15)
            {
                num = 0x1ffff;
            }
            else
            {
                num = 1;
            }
            dcb.flags &= ~(num << whichFlag);
            dcb.flags |= (uint)setting;
        }
 
        ///
        /// 建立与串口的连接
        ///
        public int Open()
        {
            DCB dcb = new DCB();
            COMMTIMEOUTS ctoCommPort = new COMMTIMEOUTS();
 
            // 打开串口
            hComm = CreateFile(Port, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0);
            if (hComm == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            {
                return -1;
            }
            // 设置通信超时时间
            GetCommTimeouts(hComm, ref ctoCommPort);
            ctoCommPort.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = ReadTimeout;
            ctoCommPort.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
            ctoCommPort.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
            ctoCommPort.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 0;
            SetCommTimeouts(hComm, ref ctoCommPort);
 
            // 设置串口参数
            GetCommState(hComm, ref dcb);
            dcb.DCBlength = Marshal.SizeOf(dcb);
            dcb.BaudRate = BaudRate;
            dcb.flags = 0;
            dcb.ByteSize = (byte)ByteSize;
            dcb.StopBits = StopBits;
            dcb.Parity = (byte)Parity;
 
            //------------------------------
            SetDcbFlag(0, 1, dcb);            // 二进制方式
            SetDcbFlag(1, (Parity == 0) ? 0 : 1, dcb);
            SetDcbFlag(2, 0, dcb);            // 不用CTS检测发送流控制
            SetDcbFlag(3, 0, dcb);            // 不用DSR检测发送流控制
            SetDcbFlag(4, 0, dcb);            // 禁止DTR流量控制
            SetDcbFlag(6, 0, dcb);            // 对DTR信号线不敏感
            SetDcbFlag(9, 1, dcb);            // 检测接收缓冲区
            SetDcbFlag(8, 0, dcb);            // 不做发送字符控制
            SetDcbFlag(10, 0, dcb);           // 是否用指定字符替换校验错的字符
            SetDcbFlag(11, 0, dcb);           // 保留NULL字符
            SetDcbFlag(12, 0, dcb);           // 允许RTS流量控制
            SetDcbFlag(14, 0, dcb);           // 发送错误后,继续进行下面的读写操作
            //--------------------------------
            dcb.wReserved = 0;                       // 没有使用,必须为0      
            dcb.XonLim = 0;                          // 指定在XOFF字符发送之前接收到缓冲区中可允许的最小字节数
            dcb.XoffLim = 0;                         // 指定在XOFF字符发送之前缓冲区中可允许的最小可用字节数
            dcb.XonChar = 0;                         // 发送和接收的XON字符
            dcb.XoffChar = 0;                        // 发送和接收的XOFF字符
            dcb.ErrorChar = 0;                       // 代替接收到奇偶校验错误的字符
            dcb.EofChar = 0;                         // 用来表示数据的结束     
            dcb.EvtChar = 0;                         // 事件字符,接收到此字符时,会产生一个事件       
            dcb.wReserved1 = 0;                      // 没有使用
 
            if (!SetCommState(hComm, ref dcb))
            {
                return -2;
            }
            Opened = true;
            return 0;
        }
        ///
        /// 关闭串口,结束通讯
        ///
        public void Close()
        {
            if (hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            {
                CloseHandle(hComm);
            }
        }
        ///
        /// 读取串口返回的数据
        ///
        /// 数据长度
        public int Read(ref byte[] bytData, int NumBytes)
        {
            if (hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            {
                OVERLAPPED ovlCommPort = new OVERLAPPED();
                int BytesRead = 0;
                ReadFile(hComm, bytData, NumBytes, ref BytesRead, ref ovlCommPort);
                return BytesRead;
            }
            else
            {
                return -1;
            }
        }
 
        ///
        /// 向串口写数据
        ///
        /// 数据数组
        public int Write(byte[] WriteBytes, int intSize)
        {
            if (hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            {
                OVERLAPPED ovlCommPort = new OVERLAPPED();
                int BytesWritten = 0;
                WriteFile(hComm, WriteBytes, intSize, ref BytesWritten, ref ovlCommPort);
                return BytesWritten;
            }
            else
            {
                return -1;
            }
        }
 
        ///
        /// 清除接收缓冲区
        ///
        ///
        public void ClearReceiveBuf()
        {
            if (hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            {
                PurgeComm(hComm, PURGE_RXABORT | PURGE_RXCLEAR);
            }
        }
 
        ///
        /// 清除发送缓冲区
        ///
        public void ClearSendBuf()
        {
            if (hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            {
                PurgeComm(hComm, PURGE_TXABORT | PURGE_TXCLEAR);
            }
        }
 }
后记:我的串口程序修改为API方式后,实际发现与SerialPort类遇到同样的问题,所以SerialPort类还是值得信任的。该API方式的代码在WinCE平台和PC平台都调试通过。

 

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