使用如下python代码来计算文件的crc32值:
from zlib import crc32
import os
import sys
def getCrc32(filename):
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
return crc32(f.read())
checksum=getCrc32(sys.argv[1])
print 'crc:',(hex(checksum))
python代码就是简洁,但是问题来了,运算了几个文件的crc:
结果有正有负,
python test.py system.img
crc:-0x30267351
python test.py usedata.img
crc:0xcf2fd49
查看python相关文档,说这个库函数结果是从-232到232之间。
我用另一断c++代码同样计算crc32的值,代码如下:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#ifdef TEST_CRC
#define BUFSIZE 1024*4
static const unsigned int crc_table[256] =
{
0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xEE0E612C, 0x990951BA,
0x076DC419, 0x706AF48F, 0xE963A535, 0x9E6495A3,
0x0EDB8832, 0x79DCB8A4, 0xE0D5E91E, 0x97D2D988,
0x09B64C2B, 0x7EB17CBD, 0xE7B82D07, 0x90BF1D91,
0x1DB71064, 0x6AB020F2, 0xF3B97148, 0x84BE41DE,
0x1ADAD47D, 0x6DDDE4EB, 0xF4D4B551, 0x83D385C7,
0x136C9856, 0x646BA8C0, 0xFD62F97A, 0x8A65C9EC,
0x14015C4F, 0x63066CD9, 0xFA0F3D63, 0x8D080DF5,
0x3B6E20C8, 0x4C69105E, 0xD56041E4, 0xA2677172,
0x3C03E4D1, 0x4B04D447, 0xD20D85FD, 0xA50AB56B,
0x35B5A8FA, 0x42B2986C, 0xDBBBC9D6, 0xACBCF940,
0x32D86CE3, 0x45DF5C75, 0xDCD60DCF, 0xABD13D59,
0x26D930AC, 0x51DE003A, 0xC8D75180, 0xBFD06116,
0x21B4F4B5, 0x56B3C423, 0xCFBA9599, 0xB8BDA50F,
0x2802B89E, 0x5F058808, 0xC60CD9B2, 0xB10BE924,
0x2F6F7C87, 0x58684C11, 0xC1611DAB, 0xB6662D3D,
0x76DC4190, 0x01DB7106, 0x98D220BC, 0xEFD5102A,
0x71B18589, 0x06B6B51F, 0x9FBFE4A5, 0xE8B8D433,
0x7807C9A2, 0x0F00F934, 0x9609A88E, 0xE10E9818,
0x7F6A0DBB, 0x086D3D2D, 0x91646C97, 0xE6635C01,
0x6B6B51F4, 0x1C6C6162, 0x856530D8, 0xF262004E,
0x6C0695ED, 0x1B01A57B, 0x8208F4C1, 0xF50FC457,
0x65B0D9C6, 0x12B7E950, 0x8BBEB8EA, 0xFCB9887C,
0x62DD1DDF, 0x15DA2D49, 0x8CD37CF3, 0xFBD44C65,
0x4DB26158, 0x3AB551CE, 0xA3BC0074, 0xD4BB30E2,
0x4ADFA541, 0x3DD895D7, 0xA4D1C46D, 0xD3D6F4FB,
0x4369E96A, 0x346ED9FC, 0xAD678846, 0xDA60B8D0,
0x44042D73, 0x33031DE5, 0xAA0A4C5F, 0xDD0D7CC9,
0x5005713C, 0x270241AA, 0xBE0B1010, 0xC90C2086,
0x5768B525, 0x206F85B3, 0xB966D409, 0xCE61E49F,
0x5EDEF90E, 0x29D9C998, 0xB0D09822, 0xC7D7A8B4,
0x59B33D17, 0x2EB40D81, 0xB7BD5C3B, 0xC0BA6CAD,
0xEDB88320, 0x9ABFB3B6, 0x03B6E20C, 0x74B1D29A,
0xEAD54739, 0x9DD277AF, 0x04DB2615, 0x73DC1683,
0xE3630B12, 0x94643B84, 0x0D6D6A3E, 0x7A6A5AA8,
0xE40ECF0B, 0x9309FF9D, 0x0A00AE27, 0x7D079EB1,
0xF00F9344, 0x8708A3D2, 0x1E01F268, 0x6906C2FE,
0xF762575D, 0x806567CB, 0x196C3671, 0x6E6B06E7,
0xFED41B76, 0x89D32BE0, 0x10DA7A5A, 0x67DD4ACC,
0xF9B9DF6F, 0x8EBEEFF9, 0x17B7BE43, 0x60B08ED5,
0xD6D6A3E8, 0xA1D1937E, 0x38D8C2C4, 0x4FDFF252,
0xD1BB67F1, 0xA6BC5767, 0x3FB506DD, 0x48B2364B,
0xD80D2BDA, 0xAF0A1B4C, 0x36034AF6, 0x41047A60,
0xDF60EFC3, 0xA867DF55, 0x316E8EEF, 0x4669BE79,
0xCB61B38C, 0xBC66831A, 0x256FD2A0, 0x5268E236,
0xCC0C7795, 0xBB0B4703, 0x220216B9, 0x5505262F,
0xC5BA3BBE, 0xB2BD0B28, 0x2BB45A92, 0x5CB36A04,
0xC2D7FFA7, 0xB5D0CF31, 0x2CD99E8B, 0x5BDEAE1D,
0x9B64C2B0, 0xEC63F226, 0x756AA39C, 0x026D930A,
0x9C0906A9, 0xEB0E363F, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
0x95BF4A82, 0xE2B87A14, 0x7BB12BAE, 0x0CB61B38,
0x92D28E9B, 0xE5D5BE0D, 0x7CDCEFB7, 0x0BDBDF21,
0x86D3D2D4, 0xF1D4E242, 0x68DDB3F8, 0x1FDA836E,
0x81BE16CD, 0xF6B9265B, 0x6FB077E1, 0x18B74777,
0x88085AE6, 0xFF0F6A70, 0x66063BCA, 0x11010B5C,
0x8F659EFF, 0xF862AE69, 0x616BFFD3, 0x166CCF45,
0xA00AE278, 0xD70DD2EE, 0x4E048354, 0x3903B3C2,
0xA7672661, 0xD06016F7, 0x4969474D, 0x3E6E77DB,
0xAED16A4A, 0xD9D65ADC, 0x40DF0B66, 0x37D83BF0,
0xA9BCAE53, 0xDEBB9EC5, 0x47B2CF7F, 0x30B5FFE9,
0xBDBDF21C, 0xCABAC28A, 0x53B39330, 0x24B4A3A6,
0xBAD03605, 0xCDD70693, 0x54DE5729, 0x23D967BF,
0xB3667A2E, 0xC4614AB8, 0x5D681B02, 0x2A6F2B94,
0xB40BBE37, 0xC30C8EA1, 0x5A05DF1B, 0x2D02EF8D
};
static unsigned int crc32(unsigned int crc,unsigned char *buffer, unsigned int size)
{
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
crc = crc_table[(crc ^ buffer[i]) & 0xff] ^ (crc >> 8);
}
return crc ;
}
static int calc_img_crc(const char *in_file, unsigned int *img_crc)
{
int fd;
int nread;
int ret;
unsigned char buf[BUFSIZE];
/*第一次传入的值需要固定,如果发送端使用该值计算crc校验码,
**那么接收端也同样需要使用该值进行计算*/
unsigned int crc = 0xffffffff;
fd = open(in_file, O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
printf("%d:open %s.\n", __LINE__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
while ((nread = read(fd, buf, BUFSIZE)) > 0) {
crc = crc32(crc, buf, nread);
memset(buf,0,BUFSIZE);
}
*img_crc = crc;
close(fd);
if (nread < 0) {
printf("%d:read %s.\n", __LINE__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
#endif
int version=1;
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
#ifdef TEST_CRC
unsigned int img_crc=0xffffffff;
const char *in_file = argv[1];
int ret = calc_img_crc(in_file, &img_crc);
if (ret < 0) {
exit(1);
}
printf("The crc of %s is:%08x\n", in_file, img_crc);
#endif
return 0;
}
结果用这个c++计算上面两个文件的crc:
./testcrc system.img
The crc of system.img is:30267350
testcrc usedata.img
The crc of usedata.img is:f30d02b6
问题来了,用python和用c++计算结果不一致,如下面表格:
python | c++ | |
---|---|---|
system.img | -0x30267351 | 0x30267350 |
usedata.img | 0xcf2fd49 | 0xf30d02b6 |
对于system.img,好像两者计算出来的crc还有点关系0x30267350=-1-(-0x30267351)
对于usedata.img完全看不出来哪有关系。
根据文档,如果返回值是负数可能是因为python版本为2.x,据说3.x没有负数。要变成正数,解决办法很粗暴:
from zlib import crc32
import os
import sys
def getCrc32(filename):
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
#关键修改return crc32(f.read())为
return crc32(f.read())&0xffffffff
checksum=getCrc32(sys.argv[1])
print 'crc:',(hex(checksum))
变成正数之后
python test.py system.img
crc:cfd98caf
python test.py usedata.img
crc1: 0xcf2fd49
这两个值都正确无误了,使用别人release的在线工具测试结果一样,这里说明以下,python库crc32()计算crc使用的是默认的初始crc值(0).
那么很明显的结论1:python有些版库函数crc32()计算crc会出现负值,最终结果需要与0xffffffff相与。
结论2:上文中c++代码错误,计算出的值不可信,那个表格中得出的0x30267350=-1-(-0x30267351)纯属巧合,或者里面有某种原因,但都是扯淡,或许接着研究会很有趣,但我累了,过段时间有空再来看。
c++代码是网上down下来的,有错误正常,没有错误也正常,这就是最坑比的地方,不检验很难知道是对是错。
最终问题出现就1行代码的问题:
static int calc_img_crc(const char *in_file, unsigned int *img_crc)
{
int fd;
int nread;
int ret;
unsigned char buf[BUFSIZE];
/*第一次传入的值需要固定,如果发送端使用该值计算crc校验码,
**那么接收端也同样需要使用该值进行计算*/
unsigned int crc = 0xffffffff;
fd = open(in_file, O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
printf("%d:open %s.\n", __LINE__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
while ((nread = read(fd, buf, BUFSIZE)) > 0) {
crc = crc32(crc, buf, nread);
memset(buf,0,BUFSIZE);
}
//*img_crc = crc; //这一行的问题
//改为
*img_crc = crc^0xFFFFFFFF;
close(fd);
if (nread < 0) {
printf("%d:read %s.\n", __LINE__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
也就是说,通过查表计算出来的最终值要于0xFFFFFFFF进行异或才能得到正确结果。需要特别说明的是这函数中第一次传入的crc值是0xffffffff。