ASP.NET MVC开发实例

MVC架构已深得人心，微软也不甘落后，推出了Asp.net MVC，并在vs2010中已经内置了MVC的相关功能。如果使用vs2008，需要下载安装Service Pack 1和ASP.NET MVC Framework。MVC现在已经是2.0的版本。

选择相关开发语言，创建一个 ASP.NET MVC Web Application 项目，选择不需要单元测试，这样生成了一个MVC框架，按Ctrl+F5运行，可看到一个欢迎主页。

注意：使用MVC后不是按链接文件来访问页面，而是通过控制器实现路由链接。

我们通过一个简单的增删查改的功能来体会一下MVC开发的过程。

第一步：模块开发

首先我们创建一个简单的表格：test，该表格只有两个字段：id和name。并创建一个数据类，在Models文件夹中创建一个类，代码如下：

 

代码

// Test.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;



namespace MvcWeb.Models

{

public class Test

{

private int _id = - 1 ;



public int id

{

get { return _id; }

set { _id = value; }

}



public String name { get ; set ;}

}

}

 

 

然后在Models文件夹中创建一个文件夹：Maping，在此文件中新建一个LINQ to Sql，将test表拖进设计器中，保存。

最后在Models文件夹中新建一个类：TestModel.cs，输入如下代码：

 

代码

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Data.Linq;

using MvcWeb.Models.Maping;



namespace MvcWeb.Models

{

public static class TestModel

{

private static TestDbMapingDataContext testDb = new TestDbMapingDataContext();



// 返回记录总数

public static int Count()

{

return testDb.test.Count();

}



// 分页列表

public static List < Test > GetList( int page, int pageSize)

{

var query = (from c in testDb.test orderby c.id ascending select c).Skip((page - 1 ) * pageSize).Take(pageSize);

List < Test > result = new List < Test > ();

foreach (var t in query)

result.Add(FillRecord(t));

return result;

}



// 列表

public static List < Test > GetList()

{

var query = (from c in testDb.test orderby c.id ascending select c);

List < Test > result = new List < Test > ();

foreach (var t in query)

result.Add(FillRecord(t));

return result;

}



// 修改和插入保存

public static long Save(Test myTest)

{

try

{

test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == myTest.id select c).FirstOrDefault();

if (t == null )

{

t = new test();

t.id = myTest.id;

t.name = myTest.name;

testDb.test.InsertOnSubmit(t);

}

else

{

t.name = myTest.name;

}

testDb.SubmitChanges();

return t.id;

}

catch (ChangeConflictException ce)

{

testDb.ChangeConflicts.ResolveAll(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues);

testDb.SubmitChanges();

}

return - 1 ;

}



// 删除记录

public static bool Delete( int id)

{

try

{



test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == id select c).FirstOrDefault();

testDb.test.DeleteOnSubmit(t);



testDb.SubmitChanges();

return t != null ;

}

catch (ChangeConflictException ce)

{

testDb.ChangeConflicts.ResolveAll(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues);

testDb.SubmitChanges();

}

return false ;

}



// 取一条记录

public static Test GetItem( int id)

{

test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == id select c).FirstOrDefault();

return FillRecord(t);

}



// 构造数据对象

private static Test FillRecord(test i)

{

Test result = null ;

if (i != null )

{

result = new Test();

result.id = i.id;

result.name = i.name;

}

return result;

}

}

}

 

 

第二步：控制器开发

在Controllers文件夹中右键选择Controller，将生成一个控制器，将文件名改为：TestController.cs，并将代码做些修改，以访问模块：

 

代码

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using MvcWeb.Models;



namespace MvcWeb.Controllers

{

public class TestController : Controller

{

//

// GET: /Test/

int pageSize = 3 ;



public ActionResult Index( int page)

{

if (page * pageSize > TestModel.Count()) page = page - 1 ;

if (page <= 0 ) page = 1 ;



ViewData[ " page " ] = page;



var model = TestModel.GetList(page, pageSize);



return View(model);

}



//

// GET: /Test/Details/5



public ActionResult Details( int id)

{

var model = TestModel.GetItem(id);

return View(model);

}



//

// GET: /Test/Create



public ActionResult Create()

{

Test mytest = new Test();

return View(mytest);

}



//

// POST: /Test/Create



[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Create( int id,FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add insert logic here

Test mytest = new Test();

UpdateModel(mytest, collection.ToValueProvider());

if (mytest.name == null )

ViewData.ModelState.AddModelError( " name " , " userName not specified. " );

if ( ! ViewData.ModelState.IsValid)

throw new InvalidOperationException();

TestModel.Save(mytest);



return RedirectToAction( " Index?page=1 " );



}

catch (InvalidOperationException ex)

{

return View( new Test());

}

}



//

// GET: /Test/Edit/5



public ActionResult Edit( int id)

{

var model = TestModel.GetItem(id);

return View(model);

}



//

// POST: /Test/Edit/5



[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Edit( int id, FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add update logic here

Test mytest = new Test();



UpdateModel(mytest, collection.ToValueProvider());



TestModel.Save(mytest);



return RedirectToAction( " Index?page=1 " );

}

catch

{

return View();

}

}



//

// GET: /Test/Delete/5



public ActionResult Delete( int id)

{

var model = TestModel.GetItem(id);

return View(model);

}



//

// POST: /Test/Delete/5



[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Delete( int id, FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add delete logic here

TestModel.Delete(id);

return RedirectToAction( " Index " , new { page = 1 });

}

catch

{

return View();

}

}

}

}

 

 

第三步：视图开发

在控制器的Index方法中按右键，选择“Add View”，作出如下图的选择：

 

即在Views/Test文件夹下面生成一个视图：Index.aspx，因为我们使用了分页设计，所以在文件后面加上如代码：

 

<%= Html.ActionLink( " Create New " , " Create " ) %>

<% = Html.ActionLink( " << 前一页 " , " Index " , new { page = ( int )ViewData[ " Page " ] - 1 }) %>

<% = Html.ActionLink( " 后一页 >> " , " Index " , new { page = ( int )ViewData[ " Page " ] + 1 }) %>

 

 

打开Views/Home/Index.aspx，加入一个对Test页面的链接：

 

<%= Html.ActionLink( " 测试 " , " Index?page=1 " , " Test " ) %>

 

 

按上面的方法在控制器的Create, Edit, Delete生成相关视图，因为主页使用了分页，所以要将返回主页的链接“Back to List”，略作修改：“Index?page=1”。我们可以看看生成的Create.aspx的代码：

 

代码

<% @ Page Title = "" Language = " C# " MasterPageFile = " ~/Views/Shared/Site.Master " Inherits = " System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage " %>



< asp:Content ID ="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID ="TitleContent" runat ="server" >

Create

asp:Content >



< asp:Content ID ="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID ="MainContent" runat ="server" >



< h2 > Create h2 >



<% using (Html.BeginForm()) { %>

<% = Html.ValidationSummary( true ) %>



< fieldset >

< legend > Fields legend >



< div class ="editor-label" >

<% = Html.LabelFor(model => model.id) %>

div >

< div class ="editor-field" >

<% = Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.id) %>

<% = Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.id) %>

div >



< div class ="editor-label" >

<% = Html.LabelFor(model => model.name) %>

div >

< div class ="editor-field" >

<% = Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.name) %>

<% = Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.name) %>

div >



< p >

< input type ="submit" value ="Create" />

p >

fieldset >



<% } %>



< div >

<% = Html.ActionLink( " Back to List " , " Index?page=1 " ) %>

div >



asp:Content >

 

 

完成任务，按Ctrl+F5运行，在主页上点击“测试”，即可体验增删查改的功能。

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