Centos环境下安装Oracle11g（静默安装）

一、查看操作系统

查看系统默认安装的yum

rpm -qa|grep yum

 

二、需要安装的依赖包（灰色的是推荐安装的，黄色的是实际安装的）

binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.46.el6.x86_64

compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 

compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64

gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 

gcc-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64

gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 

gcc-c++-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64

glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 

glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 

glibc-2.12-1.209.el6.x86_64

glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 

glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 

glibc-devel-2.12-1.209.el6.x86_64

ksh

ksh-20120801-33.el6.x86_64

libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 

libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 

libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 

libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 

libgcc-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64

libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 

libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 

libstdc++-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64

libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 

libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 

libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-18.el6.x86_64

libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 

libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 

libXi-1.7.8-1.el6.x86_64

libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 

libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 

libXtst-1.2.3-1.el6.x86_64

make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 

make-3.81-23.el6.x86_64

sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

sysstat-9.0.4-33.el6.x86_64

unixODBC-2.3.1-6.el7.x86_64 or later

unixODBC-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64

unixODBC-2.3.1-6.el7.i686 or later

unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-6.el7.x86_64 or later

unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64

unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-6.el7.i686 or later

注：i686和x86_64都需要安装

用yum进行安装

yum -y install binutils

compat-libcap1

compat-libstdc++-33

compat-libstdc++-33*i686

compat-libstdc++-33*.devel

compat-libstdc++-33

compat-libstdc++-33*.devel

gcc

gcc-c++

glibc

glibc*.i686

glibc-devel

glibc-devel*.i686

ksh

libaio

libaio*.i686

libaio-devel

libaio-devel*.devel

libgcc libgcc*.i686

libstdc++

libstdc++*.i686

libstdc++-devel

libstdc++-devel*.devel

libXi libXi*.i686

libXtst

libXtst*.i686

make

sysstat

unixODBC

unixODBC*.i686

unixODBC-devel

unixODBC-devel*.i686

检测31个RPM包是否都被安装

[root@docker ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst  make sysstat  unixODBC unixODBC-devel

binutils-2.23.52.0.1-55.el7.x86_64

compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.i686

gcc-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64

gcc-c++-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64

glibc-2.17-106.el7_2.8.x86_64

glibc-2.17-106.el7_2.8.i686

glibc-devel-2.17-106.el7_2.8.x86_64

glibc-devel-2.17-106.el7_2.8.i686

ksh-20120801-22.el7_1.3.x86_64

libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64

libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686

libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64

libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686

libgcc-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64

libgcc-4.8.5-4.el7.i686

libstdc++-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64

libstdc++-4.8.5-4.el7.i686

libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64

libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-4.el7.i686

libXi-1.7.2-2.1.el7.x86_64

libXi-1.7.4-2.el7.i686

libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64

libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.i686

make-3.82-21.el7.x86_64

sysstat-10.1.5-7.el7.x86_64

unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64

unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.i686

unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64

unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-11.el7.i686

三、创建oinstall和dba组

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

四、创建Oracle用户

useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

五、设置Oracle用户密码

Passwd oracle

六、验证创建是否正确

[root@docker ~]# id oracle

uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

七、修改内核参数

[root@docker ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux

#

# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.  See sysctl(8) and

# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

#

# Use '/sbin/sysctl -a' to list all possible parameters.

 

# Controls IP packet forwarding

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

 

# Controls source route verification

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

 

# Do not accept source routing

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

 

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

kernel.sysrq = 0

 

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

 

# Controls the use of TCP syncookies

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

 

 

#Disable netfilter on bridges.

#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0

#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0

#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

 

#Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

 

#Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes

kernel.msgmax = 65536

 

#Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes

#kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

 

#Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages

#kernel.shmall = 4294967296

#sysctl -a | grep range

获取net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range 值的方式sysctl -a | grep range

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000  65500

即file-max是设置系统所有进程一共可以打开的文件数量 。同时一些程序可以通过setrlimit调用，设置每个进程的限制。如果得到大量使用完文件句柄的错误信息，是应该增加这个值。 也就是说，这项参数是系统级别的。 echo  6553560 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max 或修改 /etc/sysctl.conf, 加入 fs.file-max = 6553560 重启生效

fs.file-max = 6815744

shmall 是全部允许使用的共享内存大小，shmmax 是单个段允许使用的大小。这两个可以设置为内存的 90%。例如 16G 内存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小为 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873

kernel.shmall = 3538944

kernel.shmmax = 14495514624

#kernel.shmmax = 3779571221

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

表示接收套接字缓冲区大小的缺省值（以字节为单位）

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

表示发送套接字缓冲区大小的缺省值（以字节为单位）

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

表示接收套接字缓冲区大小的最大值（以字节为单位）

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

表示发送套接字缓冲区大小的最大值（以字节为单位）

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

指的是 同时可以拥有的的异步IO请求数目。值出现在 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件中，推荐值是：1048576 其实它等于 1024*1024 也就是 1024K 个

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

八、执行以下命令使其生效

/sbin/sysctl –p  /etc/sysctl.conf

九、修改用户限制

vim  /etc/security/limits.conf

# /etc/security/limits.conf

#

#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:

#

#            

#

#Where:

# can be:

#        - a user name

#        - a group name, with @group syntax

#        - the wildcard *, for default entry

#        - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,

#                 for maxlogin limit

#

# can have the two values:

#        - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits

#        - "hard" for enforcing hard limits

#

# can be one of the following:

#        - core - limits the core file size (KB)

#        - data - max data size (KB)

#        - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)

#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)

#        - nofile - max number of open file descriptors

#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)

#        - stack - max stack size (KB)

#        - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)

#        - nproc - max number of processes

#        - as - address space limit (KB)

#        - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user

#        - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system

#        - priority - the priority to run user process with

#        - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold

#        - sigpending - max number of pending signals

#        - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)

#        - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]

#        - rtprio - max realtime priority

#

#                 

#*               soft    core            0

#*               hard    rss             10000

#@student        hard    nproc           20

#@faculty        soft    nproc           20

#@faculty        hard    nproc           50

#ftp             hard    nproc           0

#@student        -       maxlogins       4

oracle    soft    nproc    12000

oracle    hard    nproc    16384

oracle    soft    nofile   12000

oracle    hard    nofile   65536

#在末尾添加

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

十、在/etc/pam.d/login 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下内容

#%PAM-1.0

auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so

auth       include      system-auth

account    required     pam_nologin.so

account    include      system-auth

password   include      system-auth

# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule

session    required     pam_selinux.so close

session    required     pam_loginuid.so

session    optional     pam_console.so

# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context

session    required     pam_selinux.so open

session    required     pam_namespace.so

session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revoke

session    include      system-auth

session    required     pam_limits.so

-session   optional     pam_ck_connector.so

 

十一、在/etc/profile 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下内容

# /etc/profile

 

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup

# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

 

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you

# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in

# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this

# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

 

pathmunge () {

    case ":${PATH}:" in

        *:"$1":*)

            ;;

        *)

            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then

                PATH=$PATH:$1

            else

                PATH=$1:$PATH

            fi

    esac

}

 

 

if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then

    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then

        # ksh workaround

        EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`

        UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`

    fi

    USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"

    LOGNAME=$USER

    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"

fi

 

# Path manipulation

if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then

    pathmunge /sbin

    pathmunge /usr/sbin

    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin

else

    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after

    pathmunge /usr/sbin after

    pathmunge /sbin after

fi

 

HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`

HISTSIZE=1000

if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then

    export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

else

    export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

fi

 

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

 

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell

# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200

# You could check uidgid reservation validity in

# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file

if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then

    umask 002

else

    umask 022

fi

 

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do

    if [ -r "$i" ]; then

        if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then

            . "$i"

        else

            . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1

        fi

    fi

done

 

unset i

unset -f pathmunge

 

 

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

        ulimit -p 16384

        ulimit -n 65536

    else

        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

    fi

fi

执行以下命令使之生效：

source /etc/profile

十二、创建安装目录

mkdir –p /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

chown –R /home/oracle

chmod –R 775 /home/oracle

十三、配置环境变量

[oracle@docker ~]$ vim ~/.bash_profile

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin

export PATH

ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER

十四、执行以下命令使之生效

source ~/.bash_profile

十五、解压Oracle安装包

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

安装包存放目录：/opt/install_oralce

注：两个文件必须在相同的目录下解压

十六、复制相应文件模板

mkdir etc（在/home/oracle目录下执行）

cp /opt/install_oralce/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/

ls etc

dbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  netca.rsp

十七、设置相应文件权限

su - root

chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp

十八、静默安装Oracle软件

su - oracle

修改安装Oracle软件的响应文件/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY     // 安装类型

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ora61        // 主机名称（hostname查询）

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall     // 安装组

INVENTORY_LOCATION= /home/oracle/oraInventory   //INVENTORY目录（不填就是默认值）

SELECTED_LANGUAGES= en,zh_CN // 选择语言

ORACLE_HOME= /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1   //oracle_home

ORACLE_BASE= /home/oracle/app/oracle     //oracle_base

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE // oracle版本

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false //自定义安装，否，使用默认组件

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba / / dba用户组

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall // oper用户组

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //数据库类型

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl //globalDBName

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl      //SID(这儿确定了之后最好不要改动，会很麻烦)

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 //自动管理内存的内存(M)

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle //设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false         //（手动写了false）

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //设置安全更新（貌似是有bug，这个一定要选true，否则会无限提醒邮件地址有问题，终止安装。PS：不管地址对不对）

十九、开始静默安装

[oracle@docker database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

二十、查看安装日志

tail -f /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-31_06-56-29PM.log

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

在输出的文字里提供日志在哪儿

出现类似如下提示表示安装完成：

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run

/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

二十一、使用root用户执行脚本

su - root

/home/oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory /orainstRoot.sh

/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

二十二、增加或修改oracle的环境变量

# .bash_profile

 

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

#PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

#export PATH

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin

export PATH

ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_HOME

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app/oracle

export ROACLE_PID=orcl

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'

#TNS_ADMIN is: null

#export $TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

umask 022

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app/oracle

二十三、配置监听程序

[oracle@docker ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:

    Parameter "silent" = true

    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp

Done parsing command line arguments.

Oracle Net Services Configuration:

Profile configuration complete.

Oracle Net Listener Startup:

    Running Listener Control:

      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER

    Listener Control complete.

    Listener started successfully.

Listener configuration complete.

Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

二十四、启动监听程序

[oracle@docker ~]$ lsnrctl start

 

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-SEP-2016 11:23:31

 

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

 

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/docker/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=docker)(PORT=1521)))

 

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                01-SEP-2016 11:23:31

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/docker/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=docker)(PORT=1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

二十五、建库

[oracle@docker ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile etc/dbca.rsp

Enter SYS user password:  

Enter SYSTEM user password:

sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory

sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory

Copying database files

1% complete

3% complete

11% complete

18% complete

26% complete

37% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

40% complete

45% complete

50% complete

55% complete

56% complete

57% complete

60% complete

62% complete

Completing Database Creation

66% complete

70% complete

73% complete

74% complete

85% complete

96% complete

100% complete

Look at the log file Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/orcl11g.log" for further details.

二十六、查看输出日志

[oracle@docker ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/orcl11g.log

Copying database files

DBCA_PROGRESS : 1%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 3%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 11%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 18%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 26%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 37%

Creating and starting Oracle instance

DBCA_PROGRESS : 40%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 45%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 50%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 55%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 56%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 60%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 62%

Completing Database Creation

DBCA_PROGRESS : 66%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 70%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 73%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 85%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 96%

DBCA_PROGRESS : 100%

Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:

 /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g.

Database Information:

Global Database Name:orcl11g.us.oracle.com

System Identifier(SID):dbsrv2

 至此完成数据库实例的创建。

二十六、启动数据库