很早就听说了Google的Lifecycle组件,因为项目没有使用过,所以并没有过多的接触。不过最近看到了一篇文章,其中的一条评论提到了LiveData。恰巧这两天工作内容不多,所以赶紧研究一波!
不过在看LiveData之前,我觉得还是先看下Lifecycle吧(Lifecycle更像是LiveData的基础,LiveData就不写了,感觉没啥东西)。
Lifecycle的介绍,我们还是拿Google的官方文档作为参考吧。
Lifecycle主要解决的是业务和Activity/Fragment生命周期相关的问题。例如:我们在onResume()/onStart()
中请求定位,在onPause()/onStop()
中停止定位。那么我们一般的做法:
Google Simple Code
class MyLocationListener {
public MyLocationListener(Context context, Callback callback) {
// ...
}
void start() {
// connect to system location service
}
void stop() {
// disconnect from system location service
}
}
class MyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private MyLocationListener myLocationListener;
@Override
public void onCreate(...) {
myLocationListener = new MyLocationListener(this, (location) -> {
// update UI
});
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
myLocationListener.start();
// manage other components that need to respond
// to the activity lifecycle
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
myLocationListener.stop();
// manage other components that need to respond
// to the activity lifecycle
}
}
上面的代码虽然看起来还可以,但在真实的应用程序中,可能会有很多的方法都需要根据当前Activity/Fragment
的生命周期来进行不同的操作。因此其生命周期方法中可能会被放置大量代码,例如onStart()
和 onStop()
中,这使得它们难以维护。因此Lifecycle应运而生!
Lifecycle已经发布了release版,所以其中的一些默认支持已经包含到了support-v7:26.1.0以及更高。
添加依赖:
implementation "android.arch.lifecycle:extensions:1.1.1"
annotationProcessor "android.arch.lifecycle:compiler:1.1.1"
使用方式1:实现LifecycleObserver
接口,使用@OnLifecycleEvent
注解,通过编译时注解生成代码:
public class MyLifecycleObserver implements LifecycleObserver {
private static final String TAG = MyLifecycleObserver.class.getSimpleName();
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
public void start(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
Lifecycle.State currentState = lifecycleOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState();
Log.d(TAG, "start: " + currentState);
}
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE)
public void stop(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
Log.d(TAG, "stop: " + lifecycleOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState());
}
}
GenericLifecycleObserver
接口,实现其onStateChanged
方法:
public class MyLifecycleObserver implements GenericLifecycleObserver {
private static final String TAG = MyLifecycleObserver.class.getSimpleName();
@Override
public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event) {
Log.d(TAG, event.name());
}
}
创建完成后,我们需要将其添加:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
getLifecycle().addObserver(new MyLifecycleObserver());
}
}
结果图:
SupportActivity
中:private LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);
@Override
public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
return mLifecycleRegistry;
}
这里还有个挺重要的代码:
SupportActivity.java
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
}
ReportFragment.java
public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
manager.executePendingTransactions();
}
}
这里在Activity中添加了一个Fragment,至于作用,留到后面在讲。
addObserver
方法的话,还是简单来看吧:LifecycleRegistry.java
@Override
public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {
State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED;
ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState);
ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver);
......
// 对状态的修正,这里会对已经过去的状态进行分发。也就是说如果添加observer时状态已经改变,那么也会被通知到!
}
// 有状态的Observer
static class ObserverWithState {
State mState;
GenericLifecycleObserver mLifecycleObserver;
ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {
mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer);
mState = initialState;
}
void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
State newState = getStateAfter(event);
mState = min(mState, newState);
mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
mState = newState;
}
}
我们将实现的接口通过装饰者(我认为是这样)模式转成ObserverWithState
对象,并将该对象添加到mObserverMap
中。
在ObserverWithState
的构造方法中,有对我们传入的LifecycleObserver
进行包装:
Lifecycling.java
@NonNull
static GenericLifecycleObserver getCallback(Object object) {
// 这里应该算第三种实现方式,然而FullLifecycleObserver不是public,所以不能使用
if (object instanceof FullLifecycleObserver) {
return new FullLifecycleObserverAdapter((FullLifecycleObserver) object);
}
// 我们的第一种方式
if (object instanceof GenericLifecycleObserver) {
return (GenericLifecycleObserver) object;
}
// 通过注解生成的
final Class> klass = object.getClass();
// 将生成的MyLifecycleObserver_LifecycleAdapter放到Map中
int type = getObserverConstructorType(klass);
if (type == GENERATED_CALLBACK) {
List> constructors =
sClassToAdapters.get(klass);
if (constructors.size() == 1) {
GeneratedAdapter generatedAdapter = createGeneratedAdapter(
constructors.get(0), object);
return new SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver(generatedAdapter);
}
GeneratedAdapter[] adapters = new GeneratedAdapter[constructors.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < constructors.size(); i++) {
adapters[i] = createGeneratedAdapter(constructors.get(i), object);
}
return new CompositeGeneratedAdaptersObserver(adapters);
}
return new ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(object);
}
根据我们传入的对象进行解析,最终返回结果为:GenericLifecycleObserver
或者GenericLifecycleObserver
的实现类。附获取生成MyLifecycleObserver_LifecycleAdapter
代码:
// 通过名称获取
public static String getAdapterName(String className) {
return className.replace(".", "_") + "_LifecycleAdapter";
}
最终通过Class.forName
方式获得Class
。
ObserverWithState
类中:// 事件分发
void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
State newState = getStateAfter(event);
mState = min(mState, newState);
mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
mState = newState;
}
看下哪里调用了dispatchEvent
方法:
addObserver
中调用,另外的两个都会通过
sync()
方法调用:
// happens only on the top of stack (never in reentrance),
// so it doesn't have to take in account parents
private void sync() {
LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
Log.w(LOG_TAG, "LifecycleOwner is garbage collected, you shouldn't try dispatch "
+ "new events from it.");
return;
}
// 最新的状态和当前状态不一致,则需要进行状态修改
while (!isSynced()) {
mNewEventOccurred = false;
// no need to check eldest for nullability, because isSynced does it for us.
if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {
backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
}
Entry newest = mObserverMap.newest();
if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null
&& mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {
forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
}
}
mNewEventOccurred = false;
}
// 是否状态同步的
private boolean isSynced() {
if (mObserverMap.size() == 0) {
return true;
}
// 最新的和最后添加的Observer状态一致,并且当前的状态和最新状态一致,则已经同步了
State eldestObserverState = mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState;
State newestObserverState = mObserverMap.newest().getValue().mState;
return eldestObserverState == newestObserverState && mState == newestObserverState;
}
这里的同步方法用于同步当前Observer的状态,如果最新的和最老的Observer的状态不一致或者当前的状态和最新的状态不一致时,那么需要进行状态同步。同步包括了向前同步和向后同步。
调用sync()
方法一共就两处,一处在addObserver
方法,另一处是moveToState
方法,而调用moveToState
方法也有两处:
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
@MainThread
public void markState(@NonNull State state) {
moveToState(state);
}
public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
State next = getStateAfter(event);
moveToState(next);
}
handleLifecycleEvent
方法有很多处调用:
Fragment
在不同的生命周期调用了
handleLifecycleEvent
方法,随便看一个吧:
ReportFragment
吗?这里也出现了,我们看下
ReportFragment
到底做什么的:
// 调用Activity的
private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {
Activity activity = getActivity();
if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
return;
}
if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
}
}
}
// 生命周期
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY);
// just want to be sure that we won't leak reference to an activity
mProcessListener = null;
}
可以看到,ReportFragment
只是作为一个中间层,通过它来分发各种事件!
由于篇幅原因(已经啰嗦了很多了),这里就不写LifecycleDispatcher
和ProcessLifecycleOwner
了,这两个通过自定义的内容提供者ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer
进行初始化,并且通过registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks
和registerFragmentLifecycleCallbacks
注册统一的观察回调。有兴趣的话,自己看看吧。
Lifecycle简单来说就是用于处理和生命周期相关的业务,其原理以及实现还是很简单的。当然了,项目中并没有使用到Lifecycle,所以实际应用效果怎样只能靠猜想了。