Python之excel,csv文件读写
1 excel文件
包安装:
pip install xlrd
pip install xlwt
1.0 读取Excel
from argparse import ArgumentParser
import xlrd, xlwt
def get_data_path():
path_default = "/home/xdq/xinPrj/datasets/rw_test.xlsx"
parser = ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--path", default=path_default)
args = parser.parse_args()
path = args.path
return path
def read_excel_data():
path = get_data_path()
print("默认文件路径: {}".format(path))
print("使用其路径可使用:python rw_excel.py --path 绝对路径")
# 打开文档
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(path)
# 表格名称,排序为文档表格自左向右
sheet_names = workbook.sheet_names()
# 表格名称: ['人员信息', '项目信息']
print("表格名称: {}".format(sheet_names))
# 表格对象,类型为list,遍历取对应表格的数据
sheets = workbook.sheets()
# 读取表格:人员信息sheets[0]
user_info = sheets[0]
# 表格名称
user_info_name = user_info.name
print("user infomation table name: {}".format(user_info_name))
# 人员信息表格:行数
user_info_row_nums = user_info.nrows
# 人员信息表格:列数
user_info_col_nums = user_info.ncols
print("user infomation table row number: {}, column nubmer: {}".format(user_info_row_nums, user_info_col_nums))
# 表格整行内容
row_num = 0
user_info_rows = user_info.row_values(row_num)
# first row contents: ['编号', '姓名', '项目']
print("first row contents: {}".format(user_info_rows))
# 表格整列内容
col_num = 0
user_info_cols = user_info.col_values(col_num)
# first column contents: ['编号', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10',
# '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', '17', '18', '19', '20']
print("first column contents: {}".format(user_info_cols))
# 获取单元格内容A1
cell_A1 = user_info.cell(row_num,col_num).value
print("A1 cell data: {}".format(cell_A1))
# 获取整行内容
one_row = user_info.row(row_num)
# one row data: [text:'编号', text:'姓名', text:'项目']
print("one row data: {}".format(one_row))
# 获取行某列值
one_row_value = user_info.row(row_num)[col_num].value
# one row value in certain column: 编号
print("one row value in certain column: {}".format(one_row_value))
# 获取整列内容
one_col = user_info.col(col_num)
# one column data: [text:'编号', text:'1', text:'2', text:'3', text:'4',
# text:'5', text:'6', text:'7', text:'8',
# text:'9', text:'10', text:'11', text:'12', text:'13', text:'14',
# text:'15', text:'16', text:'17', text:'18', text:'19', text:'20']
print("one column data: {}".format(one_col))
# 获取整列内容的某一行数据
one_col_value = user_info.col(col_num)[row_num].value
# one column value in certain row: 编号
print("one column value in certain row: {}".format(one_col_value))
# 数据类型
data_type = user_info.row_types(row_num)
# data type: array('B', [1, 1, 1])
print("data type: {}".format(data_type))
if __name__ == "__main__":
read_excel_data()
1.2 写入Excel
- 单元格重写
import xlwt
def write_data_to_excel_rewrite():
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = workbook.add_sheet("写入数据测试", cell_overwrite_ok=True)
row_num = 0
col_num = 0
try:
sheet.write(row_num, col_num, 25)
sheet.write(row_num, col_num, 250)
workbook.save("rw_test.xlsx")
print("process status: saved successfully!")
except Exception:
print("Permission Denied for rewrite data")
if __name__ == "__main__":
write_data_to_excel_rewrite()
process status: saved successfully!
- 单元格只写一次
import xlwt
def write_data_to_excel_write_once():
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = workbook.add_sheet("写入数据测试", cell_overwrite_ok=False)
row_num = 0
col_num = 0
try:
sheet.write(row_num, col_num, 25)
sheet.write(row_num, col_num, 250)
workbook.save("rw_test.xlsx")
print("process status: saved successfully!")
except Exception:
print("Permission Denied for rewrite data")
if __name__ == "__main__":
write_data_to_excel_write_once()
Permission Denied for reworite data
2 csv文件
2.1 读取csv文件
from argparse import ArgumentParser
import pandas as pd
def get_csv_path():
parser = ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--path", default="/home/xdq/xinPrj/datasets/pandas_rw.csv")
args = parser.parse_args()
path = args.path
return path
def pandas_read_csv():
path = get_csv_path()
print("CSV文件默认路径: {}".format(path))
print("使用其他路径,格式为: python rw_excel.py --path 绝对路径")
# 读取全部数据
datas = pd.read_csv(path)
# 编号 姓名
# 0 1 小1
# 1 2 小2
# 2 3 小3
# 3 4 小4
# 4 5 小5
# 5 6 小6
# 6 7 小7
# 7 8 小8
# 8 9 小9
# 9 10 小10
print("Total datas: \n{}".format(datas))
# 读取某列数据
column_id = datas["编号"]
column_name = datas["姓名"]
# 遍历列数据,从第一行获取有效数据，第0行为标题
for i in range(1,9):
column_id_sub = column_id[i]
if __name__ == "__main__":
pandas_read_csv()
2.2 写入csv文件
import csv
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
class CsvFileOP(object):
def __init__(self):
self.data = np.zeros((3, 4), np.uint8)
print("Data : {}".format(self.data[0]))
print("Shape of data: {}".format(self.data.shape[1]))
def write_row(self):
a = ["ymin", "xmin", "ymax", "xmax"]
with open("write_in.csv", 'w') as w:
writer = csv.writer(w)
writer.writerow(a)
for i in range(self.data.shape[0]):
writer.writerow(self.data[i])
def write_panda(self):
a = ["name", "xindaqi", "male"]
for i in range(self.data.shape[0]):
data_frame = pd.DataFrame({a[0]:self.data[0], a[1]:self.data[1]})
data_frame.to_csv("pdfile.csv")
if __name__ == "__main__":
init_writer = CsvFileOP()
init_writer.write_row()
init_writer.write_panda()
[参考文献]
[1]https://pypi.org/project/xlrd/
[2]https://pypi.org/project/xlwt/
[3]https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.read_csv.html