Android入门:增删改查通讯录


一、通讯录应用介绍


通讯录应用是Android自带的应用程序,我们看到此应用的时候,可能只认为这是一个应用,用数据库存储数据,但是实际上不是这样的。

通讯录是ContentProvider的应用,通讯录由两部分组成:

(1)com.android.providers.contacts的ContentProvider:真正存储数据的ContentProvider

(2)com.android.contacts:运用ContentResolver获取数据的图形用户界面;


二、获取ContactProvider的源代码


Android源代码: http://my.oschina.net/zhanglubing/blog/40623用git获取;

如果要获取ContactProvider,则安装git,并打开git bash,输入

git clone https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/providers/ContactsProvider.git即可;

目录结构如下:


为何要获取ContactProvider的源代码呢?

因为如果要访问ContentProvider,必须要了解URI的设置(authority,path等);只有查看源代码才能够知道;

AndroidManifest.xml为清单文件,列出了ContactProvider的authorities,以及要访问通讯录需要的权限;


主要的通讯录程序为ContactsProvider2.java,authorities为:contacts或com.android.contacts;


三、通讯录数据库结构介绍


表结构如下:





通讯录是存放在/data/data/com.android.providers.contacts/databases/contacts2.db,里面主要的表有:

(1)raw_contacts:存放联系人的ID,

_id属性为主键,声明为autoincrement,即不需要手动设置,其他属性也不需要手动设置就有默认值;

display_name属性为姓名;

(2)mimetypes:存放数据的类型,比如"vnd.android.cursor.item/name"表示“姓名”类型的数据,"vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2"表示“电话”类型的数据;

(3)data:存放具体的数据;

raw_contact_id属性用来连接raw_contacts表,每条记录表示一个具体数据;我们主要的数据(email、phone等)都存放在data表;

data1属性存放总数据;

data2属性:

-如果此记录存放姓名,则data2存放名;

-如果此记录存放电话,则data2存放类型,比如手机、家电;

-如果此记录存放组织,则data2存放类型,比如公司、其他;

-如果此记录存放地址,则data2存放类型,比如住宅,单位等;


四、对通信录做增删改查


简单的说:对通讯录操作就是对一个普通的ContentProvider操作;


1.Query


(1)根据电话号码查询姓名

//根据电话号码查询姓名(在一个电话打过来时,如果此电话在通讯录中,则显示姓名) public void testReadNameByPhone(){ String phone = "12345678"; //uri= content://com.android.contacts/data/phones/filter/# Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data/phones/filter/"+phone); ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{Data.DISPLAY_NAME}, null, null, null); //从raw_contact表中返回display_name if(cursor.moveToFirst()){ Log.i("Contacts", "name="+cursor.getString(0)); } }
(2)查询所有的联系人


//读取通讯录的全部的联系人 //需要先在raw_contact表中遍历id,并根据id到data表中获取数据 public void testReadAll(){ //uri = content://com.android.contacts/contacts Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/contacts"); //访问raw_contacts表 ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{Data._ID}, null, null, null); //获得_id属性 while(cursor.moveToNext()){ StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(); int id = cursor.getInt(0);//获得id并且在data中寻找数据 buf.append("id="+id); uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/contacts/"+id+"/data"); //如果要获得data表中某个id对应的数据,则URI为content://com.android.contacts/contacts/#/data Cursor cursor2 = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{Data.DATA1,Data.MIMETYPE}, null,null, null); //data1存储各个记录的总数据,mimetype存放记录的类型,如电话、email等 while(cursor2.moveToNext()){ String data = cursor2.getString(cursor2.getColumnIndex("data1")); if(cursor2.getString(cursor2.getColumnIndex("mimetype")).equals("vnd.android.cursor.item/name")){ //如果是名字 buf.append(",name="+data); } else if(cursor2.getString(cursor2.getColumnIndex("mimetype")).equals("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2")){ //如果是电话 buf.append(",phone="+data); } else if(cursor2.getString(cursor2.getColumnIndex("mimetype")).equals("vnd.android.cursor.item/email_v2")){ //如果是email buf.append(",email="+data); } else if(cursor2.getString(cursor2.getColumnIndex("mimetype")).equals("vnd.android.cursor.item/postal-address_v2")){ //如果是地址 buf.append(",address="+data); } else if(cursor2.getString(cursor2.getColumnIndex("mimetype")).equals("vnd.android.cursor.item/organization")){ //如果是组织 buf.append(",organization="+data); } } String str = buf.toString(); Log.i("Contacts", str); } }


2.Insert

(1)一步一步添加数据


//一步一步添加数据 public void testAddContacts(){ //插入raw_contacts表,并获取_id属性 Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts"); ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); long contact_id = ContentUris.parseId(resolver.insert(uri, values)); //插入data表 uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data"); //add Name values.put("raw_contact_id", contact_id); values.put(Data.MIMETYPE,"vnd.android.cursor.item/name"); values.put("data2", "zdong"); values.put("data1", "xzdong"); resolver.insert(uri, values); values.clear(); //add Phone values.put("raw_contact_id", contact_id); values.put(Data.MIMETYPE,"vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2"); values.put("data2", "2"); //手机 values.put("data1", "87654321"); resolver.insert(uri, values); values.clear(); //add email values.put("raw_contact_id", contact_id); values.put(Data.MIMETYPE,"vnd.android.cursor.item/email_v2"); values.put("data2", "2"); //单位 values.put("data1", "[email protected]"); resolver.insert(uri, values); }


(2)批量添加数据

核心代码:
(1)ContentProviderOperation operation = ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(uri).withValue("key","value").build();
(2)resolver.applyBatch("authorities",operations);//批量提交


public void testAddContactsInTransaction() throws Exception { Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts"); ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); ArrayList operations = new ArrayList(); // 向raw_contact表添加一条记录 //此处.withValue("account_name", null)一定要加,不然会抛NullPointerException ContentProviderOperation operation1 = ContentProviderOperation .newInsert(uri).withValue("account_name", null).build(); operations.add(operation1); // 向data添加数据 uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data"); //添加姓名 ContentProviderOperation operation2 = ContentProviderOperation .newInsert(uri).withValueBackReference("raw_contact_id", 0) //withValueBackReference的第二个参数表示引用operations[0]的操作的返回id作为此值 .withValue("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/name") .withValue("data2", "xzdong").build(); operations.add(operation2); //添加手机数据 ContentProviderOperation operation3 = ContentProviderOperation .newInsert(uri).withValueBackReference("raw_contact_id", 0) .withValue("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2") .withValue("data2", "2").withValue("data1", "0000000").build(); operations.add(operation3); resolver.applyBatch("com.android.contacts", operations); }

3.Delete


核心思想:
(1)先在raw_contacts表根据姓名查出id;
(2)在data表中只要raw_contact_id匹配的都删除;

public void testDelete()throws Exception{ String name = "xzdong"; //根据姓名求id Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts"); ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{Data._ID},"display_name=?", new String[]{name}, null); if(cursor.moveToFirst()){ int id = cursor.getInt(0); //根据id删除data中的相应数据 resolver.delete(uri, "display_name=?", new String[]{name}); uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data"); resolver.delete(uri, "raw_contact_id=?", new String[]{id+""}); } }


4.Update


核心思想:

(1)不需要更新raw_contacts,只需要更新data表;

(2)uri=content://com.android.contacts/data 表示对data表进行操作;

public void testUpdate()throws Exception{ int id = 1; String phone = "999999"; Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data");//对data表的所有数据操作 ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("data1", phone); resolver.update(uri, values, "mimetype=? and raw_contact_id=?", new String[]{"vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2",id+""}) }






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