1.可以用来管理和准备数据的类,通常用于fragment 和activity(实现了ViewModelStoreOwner,默认提供了ViewModelStore)。
2.作为 信息通讯的桥梁(包括,activity,fragment 和应用其它组件)。
3.ViewModel 的生命周期 仅在 ViewModelStore 销毁时,才会销毁。
以上仅是对官方文旦的个人总结。
public class BoyiKiaViewModel extends ViewModel {
}
ViewModelProvider provider=new ViewModelProvider(this, new ViewModelProvider.NewInstanceFactory());
BoyiKiaViewModel boyiKiaViewModel = provider.get(BoyiKiaViewModel.class);
当viewModel 销毁时,会执行 onCleared 方法
public abstract class ViewModel {
/**
* This method will be called when this ViewModel is no longer used and will be destroyed.
*
* It is useful when ViewModel observes some data and you need to clear this subscription to
* prevent a leak of this ViewModel.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
protected void onCleared() {
}
}
public class AndroidViewModel extends ViewModel {
@SuppressLint("StaticFieldLeak")
private Application mApplication;
public AndroidViewModel(@NonNull Application application) {
mApplication = application;
}
/**
* Return the application.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("TypeParameterUnusedInFormals")
@NonNull
public <T extends Application> T getApplication() {
//noinspection unchecked
return (T) mApplication;
}
}
绑定ViewModel 的构造器 和 ViewStore
//1.
public ViewModelProvider(@NonNull ViewModelStore store, @NonNull Factory factory) {
mFactory = factory;
this.mViewModelStore = store;
}
//2. 通过ViewModelStoreOwner 获取 ViewStore(acvitivity 创建时 默认实现了一个ModelStoreOwner)
public interface ViewModelStoreOwner {
/**
* Returns owned {@link ViewModelStore}
*
* @return a {@code ViewModelStore}
*/
@NonNull
ViewModelStore getViewModelStore();
}
public ViewModelProvider(@NonNull ViewModelStoreOwner owner, @NonNull Factory factory) {
this(owner.getViewModelStore(), factory);
}
ViewModel 实例构造器
public interface Factory {
/**
* Creates a new instance of the given {@code Class}.
*
*
* @param modelClass a {@code Class} whose instance is requested
* @param The type parameter for the ViewModel.
* @return a newly created ViewModel
*/
@NonNull
<T extends ViewModel> T create(@NonNull Class<T> modelClass);
}
默认实现的构造器
public static class NewInstanceFactory implements Factory {
@SuppressWarnings("ClassNewInstance")
@NonNull
@Override
public <T extends ViewModel> T create(@NonNull Class<T> modelClass) {
//noinspection TryWithIdenticalCatches
try {
return modelClass.newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create an instance of " + modelClass, e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create an instance of " + modelClass, e);
}
}
}
/**
* {@link Factory} which may create {@link AndroidViewModel} and
* {@link ViewModel}, which have an empty constructor.
*/
public static class AndroidViewModelFactory extends ViewModelProvider.NewInstanceFactory {
private static AndroidViewModelFactory sInstance;
/**
* Retrieve a singleton instance of AndroidViewModelFactory.
*
* @param application an application to pass in {@link AndroidViewModel}
* @return A valid {@link AndroidViewModelFactory}
*/
@NonNull
public static AndroidViewModelFactory getInstance(@NonNull Application application) {
if (sInstance == null) {
sInstance = new AndroidViewModelFactory(application);
}
return sInstance;
}
private Application mApplication;
/**
* Creates a {@code AndroidViewModelFactory}
*
* @param application an application to pass in {@link AndroidViewModel}
*/
public AndroidViewModelFactory(@NonNull Application application) {
mApplication = application;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public <T extends ViewModel> T create(@NonNull Class<T> modelClass) {
if (AndroidViewModel.class.isAssignableFrom(modelClass)) {
//noinspection TryWithIdenticalCatches
try {
return modelClass.getConstructor(Application.class).newInstance(mApplication);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create an instance of " + modelClass, e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create an instance of " + modelClass, e);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create an instance of " + modelClass, e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create an instance of " + modelClass, e);
}
}
return super.create(modelClass);
}
}
从viewModelStore 中获取ViewModel ,没有的话则实例一个viewModel ,放入viewModelStore中
//ViewModelProvider.java
private static final String DEFAULT_KEY =
"androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider.DefaultKey";
@NonNull
@MainThread
public <T extends ViewModel> T get(@NonNull Class<T> modelClass) {
String canonicalName = modelClass.getCanonicalName();
if (canonicalName == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Local and anonymous classes can not be ViewModels");
}
return get(DEFAULT_KEY + ":" + canonicalName, modelClass);
}
@NonNull
@MainThread
public <T extends ViewModel> T get(@NonNull String key, @NonNull Class<T> modelClass) {
ViewModel viewModel = mViewModelStore.get(key);
if (modelClass.isInstance(viewModel)) {
//noinspection unchecked
return (T) viewModel;
} else {
//noinspection StatementWithEmptyBody
if (viewModel != null) {
// TODO: log a warning.
}
}
viewModel = mFactory.create(modelClass);
mViewModelStore.put(key, viewModel);
//noinspection unchecked
return (T) viewModel;
}
默认维持了一个散列表
public class ViewModelStore {
private final HashMap<String, ViewModel> mMap = new HashMap<>();
final void put(String key, ViewModel viewModel) {
ViewModel oldViewModel = mMap.put(key, viewModel);
if (oldViewModel != null) {
oldViewModel.onCleared();
}
}
final ViewModel get(String key) {
return mMap.get(key);
}
/**
* Clears internal storage and notifies ViewModels that they are no longer used.
*/
//销毁所有存储的ViewModel
public final void clear() {
for (ViewModel vm : mMap.values()) {
vm.onCleared();
}
mMap.clear();
}
}
activity 中默认维持着一个 ViewModelStore
//FragmentActivity.java
@NonNull
@Override
public ViewModelStore getViewModelStore() {
if (getApplication() == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Your activity is not yet attached to the "
+ "Application instance. You can't request ViewModel before onCreate call.");
}
if (mViewModelStore == null) {
NonConfigurationInstances nc =
(NonConfigurationInstances) getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
if (nc != null) {
// Restore the ViewModelStore from NonConfigurationInstances
mViewModelStore = nc.viewModelStore;
}
if (mViewModelStore == null) {
mViewModelStore = new ViewModelStore();
}
}
return mViewModelStore;
}
//销毁viewModelStore
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (mViewModelStore != null && !isChangingConfigurations()) {
mViewModelStore.clear();
}
mFragments.dispatchDestroy();
}
fragment 默认持有的ViewModelStore
//fragment.java
@NonNull
@Override
public ViewModelStore getViewModelStore() {
if (getContext() == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Can't access ViewModels from detached fragment");
}
if (mViewModelStore == null) {
mViewModelStore = new ViewModelStore();
}
return mViewModelStore;
}
//销毁viewModelStore
@CallSuper
public void onDestroy() {
if (mViewModelStore != null && !isChangingConfigurations) {
mViewModelStore.clear();
}
}