Spring Security 是 Spring 家族中的一个安全管理框架,应用程序的两个主要区域是“认证”和“授权”(或者访问控制)。Spring Security是针对Spring项目的安全框架,也是Spring Boot底层安全模块默认的技术选型
这两个主要区域是Spring Security 的两个目标。
环境准备:
创建一个SpringBoot Initialize项目,详情可以参考我之前博客:SpringBoot系列之快速创建项目教程
新建项目后,检查一下spring-boot-starter-security场景启动器是否配置成功,不需要写版本
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-securityartifactId>
dependency>
SpringBoot有版本仲裁机制,SpringBoot2.2.1的spring-boot-starter-security依赖的Spring security版本是5.2.1的
配置Spring Security日志级别,默认是info的,可以修改为debug
## logback配置
logging:
level:
org:
springframework:
security: info
随便写个接口,访问时候,就会跳到如下图的登录页面,为什么?我们只是引入maven配置而已,然后账号密码是什么?其实这个是Spring Security的默认登录页面,页面代码是在jar包里的,默认的username是user,密码是随机生成的uuid格式的密码
密码会在控制台打印,根据线索,找到自动配置类
要修改默认密码,可以新建application.yml配置文件,加上如下配置
## spring security配置
spring:
security:
user:
name: nicky
password: 123
也可以新建Spring Security配置类,注意Spring Security5.2.1版本,配置密码要用BCryptPasswordEncoder加密,不过登录还是明文,Spring Security不同版本各有差别,详情配置还是参考官方文档
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { //auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("nicky")
.password(bcryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123"))
.roles("admin");
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder bcryptPasswordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
}
加密方式 | security 4 | security 5 |
---|---|---|
bcrypt | password | {bcrypt}password |
ldap | password | {ldap}password |
MD4 | password | {MD4}password |
MD5 | password | {MD5}password |
noop | password | {noop}password |
pbkdf2 | password | {pbkdf2}password |
scrypt | password | {scrypt}password |
SHA-1 | password | {SHA-1}password |
SHA-256 | password | {SHA-256}password |
sha256 | password | {sha256}password |
拓展:如果要数据库方式校验用户名密码,可以自定义UserDetailsService方式:
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService)
.passwordEncoder(new CustomPasswordEncoder());
auth.parentAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
}
UserDetailsServiceImpl.java
package com.example.springboot.oauth2.service;
import com.example.springboot.oauth2.entity.User;
import com.example.springboot.oauth2.mapper.UserMapper;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
*
*
*
*
*
* @author mazq
* 修改记录
* 修改后版本: 修改人: 修改日期: 2020/04/30 15:15 修改内容:
*
*/
@Slf4j
@Service("userService")
public class UserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
@Autowired
UserMapper userRepository;
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username);
if(user == null){
log.info("登录用户[{}]没注册!",username);
throw new UsernameNotFoundException("登录用户["+username + "]没注册!");
}
return new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), getAuthority());
}
private List getAuthority() {
return Arrays.asList(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN"));
// return Arrays.asList(Collections.emptyList());
}
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http // 配置登录页并允许访问
.formLogin().usernameParameter("username").passwordParameter("password").loginPage("/login").permitAll()
// 配置Basic登录
//.and().httpBasic()
// 配置登出页面
.and().logout().logoutUrl("/logout").logoutSuccessUrl("/")
// 开放接口访问权限,不需要登录授权就可以访问
.and().authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/oauth/**", "/login/**", "/logout/**").permitAll()
// api接口需要admin管理员才能访问
.antMatchers("/api/**").hasRole("admin")
// 其余所有请求全部需要鉴权认证
.anyRequest().authenticated()
// 关闭跨域保护;
.and().csrf().disable();
}
配置文件,加上配置
@Override
public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
//解决静态资源被拦截的问题
web.ignoring().antMatchers("/asserts/**");
web.ignoring().antMatchers("/favicon.ico");
}
引入Thymeleaf模板引擎:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleafartifactId>
dependency>
关闭Thymeleaf模板引擎缓存,方便F9自动编译
spring:
thymeleaf:
cache: false
写个login接口,注意一定要GET方式,POST方式是Spring Security默认的校验接口,接口名称也是/login
@Controller
public class LoginController {
@GetMapping(value = {"/login"})
public ModelAndView toLogin() {
return new ModelAndView("login");
}
}
自定义登录页面,要用post方式,除非你自己写个校验接口,POST /login是Spring Security官方的校验接口,默认用户名参数为username,密码参数为password:
<html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" />
<meta name="description" content="" />
<meta name="author" content="" />
<title>Signin Template for Bootstraptitle>
<link href="../static/asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="../static/asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet"/>
head>
<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" alt="" width="72" height="72" />
<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" >Oauth2.0 Loginh1>
<label class="sr-only" >Usernamelabel>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="username" required="" autofocus="" value="nicky" />
<label class="sr-only" >Passwordlabel>
<input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" required="" value="123" />
<div class="checkbox mb-3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me" /> remember me
label>
div>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">Sign inbutton>
<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2019p>
form>
body>
html>
修改配置文件,.loginPage("/login")
指定自定义的登录页面
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http // 配置登录页并允许访问
.formLogin().usernameParameter("username").passwordParameter("password").loginPage("/login").permitAll()
// 配置Basic登录
//.and().httpBasic()
// 配置登出页面
.and().logout().logoutUrl("/logout").logoutSuccessUrl("/")
// 开放接口访问权限,不需要登录授权就可以访问
.and().authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/oauth/**", "/login/**", "/logout/**").permitAll()
// api接口需要admin管理员才能访问
.antMatchers("/api/**").hasRole("admin")
// 其余所有请求全部需要鉴权认证
.anyRequest().authenticated()
// 关闭跨域保护;
.and().csrf().disable();
}
开启记住我功能,登陆成功以后,将cookie发给浏览器保存,以后访问页面带上这个cookie,只要通过检查就可以免登录
<input type="checkbox" name="remember-me" value="true" /> remember me
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//开启记住我功能,登陆成功以后,将cookie发给浏览器保存,以后访问页面带上这个cookie,只要通过检查就可以免登录
http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("remember-me");
}
勾选记住我,登录成功
关闭浏览器,再次登录后,是不用再次登录的
ok,Spring Security的知识点比较多,详情请参考官方文档,本博客参考官方文档,做了简单记录,仅仅作为入门参考手册
代码例子下载:code download
附录:优质Spring Security系列教程
江南一点雨大佬系列博客
Spring Security 教程(Spring Security Tutorial)