用于页面上的选择框标签,需要先提供一个二维的二元元组,第一个元素表示存在数据库内真实的值,第二个表示页面上显示的具体内容。在浏览器页面上将显示第二个元素的值。例如:
YEAR_IN_SCHOOL_CHOICES = ( ('FR', 'Freshman'), ('SO', 'Sophomore'), ('JR', 'Junior'), ('SR', 'Senior'), ('GR', 'Graduate'), )
一般来说,最好将选项定义在类里,并取一个直观的名字,如下所示:
from django.db import models class Student(models.Model): FRESHMAN = 'FR' SOPHOMORE = 'SO' JUNIOR = 'JR' SENIOR = 'SR' YEAR_IN_SCHOOL_CHOICES = ( (FRESHMAN, 'Freshman'), (SOPHOMORE, 'Sophomore'), (JUNIOR, 'Junior'), (SENIOR, 'Senior'), ) year_in_school = models.CharField( max_length=2, choices=YEAR_IN_SCHOOL_CHOICES, default=FRESHMAN, ) def is_upperclass(self): return self.year_in_school in (self.JUNIOR, self.SENIOR)
要获取一个choices的第二元素的值,可以使用get_FOO_display()
方法,其中的FOO用字段名代替。对于下面的例子:
from django.db import models class Person(models.Model): SHIRT_SIZES = ( ('S', 'Small'), ('M', 'Medium'), ('L', 'Large'), ) name = models.CharField(max_length=60) shirt_size = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=SHIRT_SIZES)
使用方法:
>>> p = Person(name="Fred Flintstone", shirt_size="L") >>> p.save() >>> p.shirt_size 'L' >>> p.get_shirt_size_display() 'Large'