android SQLite 使用实例
Android作为目前主流的移动操作系统，完全符合SQLite占用资源少的优势，故在Android平台上，集成了一个嵌入式关系型数据库—SQLite。如果想要开发 Android 应用程序，需要在 Android 上存储数据，使用SQLite 数据库是一种非常好的选择。在一般程序中使用数据库的过程都可以框架化，套路化，实例如下：
表说明：
1.班级 classes：
class_id 主键 class_name
2.学生 students：
student_id 主键 student_name score class_id 外键
创建表：
CREATE TABLE classes(class_id varchar(10) primary key , class_name varchar(20))CREATE TABLE students(student_id varchar(10) primary key ,
student_name varchar(20) ,score varchar(4) ,
class_id varchar(10),
foreign key (class_id) references classes(class_id) on delete cascade on update cascade )
1. 继承扩展 SQLiteOpenHelper 创建数据库和对应表
package com.tang.databasedemo;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
public DBHelper(Context context) {
super(context, "info.db", null, 1);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String classesSQL = "CREATE TABLE classes(class_id varchar(10) primary key , " +
"class_name varchar(20))";
String studentsSQL = "CREATE TABLE students(student_id varchar(10) primary key , " +
"student_name varchar(20) ,score varchar(4) ,class_id varchar(10), " +
"foreign key (class_id) references classes(class_id) " +
"on delete cascade on update cascade )";
db.execSQL(classesSQL);
Log.d("my", "create table classes:"+classesSQL);
db.execSQL(studentsSQL);
Log.d("my", "create table students:"+studentsSQL);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
2. 创建学生（Class）学生（Student）实体
package com.tang.databasedemo;
import android.util.Log;
public class Class
{
private String classId;
private String className;
public String getClassId() {
return classId;
}
public void setClassId(String classId) {
this.classId = classId;
}
public String getClassName() {
return className;
}
public void setClassName(String className) {
this.className = className;
}
public String toString() {
return "Class--->"+"classId:"+classId+" className:"+className;
}
}
package com.tang.databasedemo;
public class Student
{
private String studentId;
private String studentName;
private String score;
private String classId;
public String getStudentId() {
return studentId;
}
public void setStudentId(String studentId) {
this.studentId = studentId;
}
public String getStudentName() {
return studentName;
}
public void setStudentName(String studentName) {
this.studentName = studentName;
}
public String getScore() {
return score;
}
public void setScore(String score) {
this.score = score;
}
public String getClassId() {
return classId;
}
public void setClassId(String classId) {
this.classId = classId;
}
public String toString()
{
return "Student--->"+"studentId:"+studentId+" studentName:"+studentName+" score:"+score+" classId:"+classId;
}
}
3. 创建DBServer类，在该类中定义增删改查等方法来操作数据库
package com.tang.databasedemo;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
public class DBServer
{
private DBHelper dbhelper;
public DBServer(Context context)
{
this.dbhelper = new DBHelper(context);
}
/**
* 添加班级
* @param entity
*/
public void addClass(Class entity)
{
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[2];
arrayOfObject[0] = entity.getClassId();
arrayOfObject[1] = entity.getClassName();
localSQLiteDatabase.execSQL("insert into classes(class_id,class_name) values(?,?)", arrayOfObject);
localSQLiteDatabase.close();
}
/**
* 添加学生
* @param entity
*/
public void addStudent(Student entity)
{
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[4];
arrayOfObject[0] = entity.getStudentId();
arrayOfObject[1] = entity.getStudentName();
arrayOfObject[2] = entity.getScore();
arrayOfObject[3] = entity.getClassId();
localSQLiteDatabase.execSQL("insert into students(student_id,student_name,score,class_id) values(?,?,?,?)", arrayOfObject);
localSQLiteDatabase.close();
}
/**
* 删除一个班级
* 同时会删除students中该班级的学生
* @param class_id
*/
public void deleteClass(String class_id)
{
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
//设置了级联删除和级联更新
//在执行有级联关系的语句的时候必须先设置“PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON”
//否则级联关系默认失效
localSQLiteDatabase.execSQL("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON");
Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[1];
arrayOfObject[0] =class_id;
localSQLiteDatabase.execSQL("delete from classes where class_id=?", arrayOfObject);
localSQLiteDatabase.close();
}
/**
* 删除一个学生
* @param student_id
*/
public void deleteStudent(String student_id)
{
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[1];
arrayOfObject[0] =student_id;
localSQLiteDatabase.execSQL("delete from students where student_id=?", arrayOfObject);
localSQLiteDatabase.close();
}
/**
* 修改学生信息
* @param entity
*/
public void updateStudentInfo(Student entity)
{
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Object[] arrayOfObject = new Object[4];
arrayOfObject[0] = entity.getStudentName();
arrayOfObject[1] = entity.getScore();
arrayOfObject[2] = entity.getClassId();
arrayOfObject[3] = entity.getStudentId();
localSQLiteDatabase.execSQL("update students set student_name=?,score=?,class_id=? where student_id=?", arrayOfObject);
localSQLiteDatabase.close();
}
/**
* 使用班级编号查找该班级所有学生
* @param classId
* @return
*/
public List findStudentsByClassId(String classId)
{
List localArrayList=new ArrayList();
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor localCursor = localSQLiteDatabase.rawQuery("select student_id, student_name ,score from students " +
"where class_id=? order by score desc", new String[]{classId});
while (localCursor.moveToNext())
{
Student temp=new Student();
temp.setStudentId(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("student_id")));
temp.setStudentName(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("student_name")));
temp.setScore(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("score")));
temp.setClassId(classId);
localArrayList.add(temp);
}
localSQLiteDatabase.close();
return localArrayList;
}
/**
* 使用班级名查找该班级所有学生
* @param className
* @return
*/
public List findStudentsByClassName(String className)
{
List localArrayList=new ArrayList();
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor localCursor = localSQLiteDatabase.rawQuery("select student_id, student_name,score,classes.class_id from students,classes" +
" where students.class_id=classes.class_id and classes.class_name =? order by score asc" , new String[]{className});
while (localCursor.moveToNext())
{
Student temp=new Student();
temp.setStudentId(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("student_id")));
temp.setStudentName(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("student_name")));
temp.setScore(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("score")));
temp.setClassId(localCursor.getString(3));
localArrayList.add(temp);
}
localSQLiteDatabase.close();
return localArrayList;
}
/**
* 查找所有学生
* @param className
* @return
*/
public List findAllStudents()
{
List localArrayList=new ArrayList();
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor localCursor = localSQLiteDatabase.rawQuery("select * from students " +
"where 1=1 order by score desc ", null);
while (localCursor.moveToNext())
{
Student temp=new Student();
temp.setStudentId(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("student_id")));
temp.setStudentName(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("student_name")));
temp.setScore(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("score")));
temp.setClassId(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("class_id")));
localArrayList.add(temp);
}
localSQLiteDatabase.close();
return localArrayList;
}
/**
* 取得所有班级
* @return
*/
public List findAllClasses()
{
List localArrayList=new ArrayList();
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor localCursor = localSQLiteDatabase.rawQuery("select * from classes " +
"where 1=1", null);
while (localCursor.moveToNext())
{
Class temp=new Class();
temp.setClassId(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("class_id")));
temp.setClassName(localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("class_name")));
localArrayList.add(temp);
}
localSQLiteDatabase.close();
return localArrayList;
}
/**
* 成绩最好
* @return
*/
public Student findMaxScoreStudent()
{
Student temp =new Student();
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor localCursor = localSQLiteDatabase.rawQuery("select student_id,student_name,class_id,max(score) from students " +
"where 1=1",null );
localCursor.moveToFirst();
temp.setStudentId(localCursor.getString(0));
temp.setStudentName(localCursor.getString(1));
temp.setClassId(localCursor.getString(2));
temp.setScore(localCursor.getString(3));
return temp;
}
/**
* 查找是否有该学生
* @param studentId
* @return
*/
public boolean isStudentsExists(String studentId)
{
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor localCursor = localSQLiteDatabase.rawQuery("select count(*) from students " +
"where student_id=?", new String[]{studentId});
localCursor.moveToFirst();
if(localCursor.getLong(0)>0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
/**
* 确认该班级是否存在
* @param classId
* @return
*/
public boolean isClassExists(String s)
{
SQLiteDatabase localSQLiteDatabase = this.dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor localCursor = localSQLiteDatabase.rawQuery("select count(*) from classes " +
"where class_id=? or class_name=?", new String[]{s,s});
localCursor.moveToFirst();
if(localCursor.getLong(0)>0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
4.调用DBServer里的方法，操作数据
package com.tang.databasedemo;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.text.AlteredCharSequence;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private List classData =new ArrayList();
private List studentsData =new ArrayList();
private static final String className ="A/B/C/D/E";
private static final String studentName ="彭大/黄二/张三/李四/王五/郑六/田七/周八/叶九/孔十/萧十一";
private DBServer db;
private SharedPreferences share;
private SharedPreferences.Editor editor;
private String info ="";
private EditText editText;
private Button b,b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6;
private EditText sId,sName,score,cId,cName;
private Handler hander =new Handler()
{
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(msg.what==0)
{
sId.setText("");
sName.setText("");
score.setText("");
cName.setText("");
cId.setText("");
}
else if(msg.what==1)
{
db.deleteClass((String)msg.obj);
info += "删除一个班级及班级里面的学生：班级Id:"+(String)msg.obj;
editText.setText(info);
}
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initView();
share = getSharedPreferences("DatabaseDamo", 0);
editor =share.edit();
db=new DBServer(this);
if(share.getInt("times", 0)==0)
{
initDatabase();
editor.putInt("times", 1);
editor.commit();
}
}
private void initView()
{
editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.info);
sId = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.studentId);
sName = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.studentName);
score = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.score);
cId = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.classId);
cName = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.className);
b =(Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
b1 =(Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
b2 =(Button) findViewById(R.id.button2);
b3 =(Button) findViewById(R.id.button3);
b4 =(Button) findViewById(R.id.button4);
b5 =(Button) findViewById(R.id.button5);
b6 =(Button) findViewById(R.id.button6);
b.setOnClickListener(this);
b1.setOnClickListener(this);
b2.setOnClickListener(this);
b3.setOnClickListener(this);
b4.setOnClickListener(this);
b5.setOnClickListener(this);
b6.setOnClickListener(this);
}
private void initDatabase()
{
info="";
editText.setText("");
String []classTemp = className.split("/");
Class c;
for(int i=0;i 附图一张:
注：
1 . 关于游标（Cursor）
在查询返回的是一个Cursor类型的对象，它是一个指针，且永远都不会为空，所以，当查询某语句，并判断返回值是否为空时，切勿用cursor==null表示。而有个方法,cursor.getCount()==0就能判断其结果值是否为空了。
close()
关闭游标，释放资源
copyStringToBuffer(int columnIndex, CharArrayBuffer buffer) yB
在缓冲区中检索请求的列的文本，将将其存储
getColumnCount()
返回所有列的总数
getColumnIndex(String columnName)
返回指定列的名称，如果不存在返回-1
getColumnIndexOrThrow(String columnName)
从零开始返回指定列名称，如果不存在将抛出IllegalArgumentException 异常。
getColumnName(int columnIndex)
从给定的索引返回列名
getColumnNames()
返回一个字符串数组的列名
getCount()
返回Cursor 中的行数
moveToFirst()
移动光标到第一行
moveToLast()
移动光标到最后一行
moveToNext()
移动光标到下一行
moveToPosition(int position)
移动光标到一个绝对的位置
moveToPrevious()
移动光标到上一行
2. 关于on delete cascade on update cascade 级联更新和级联删除
SQLite在3.6.19版本中才开始支持外键约束，但是为了兼容以前的程序，默认并没有启用该功能，如果要启用该功能每次都要需要使用如下语句：PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON来打开。也就是说，在执行删除一个班级的语句的时候需要执行db.execSQL("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON")
可见：http://blog.csdn.net/tangnengwu/article/details/25980263
3.关于getWritableDatabase()和getReadableDatabase()
这2个方法都可以获取SQLiteDatabase的实例，当使用getWritableDatabase() 方法打开数据库时，一旦数据库的磁盘空间满了，数据库在执行写操作的时候就会出错，
而getReadableDatabase()方法则是先以读写方式打开数据库，如果数据库的磁盘空间满了，就会打开失败，当打开失败后会继续尝试以只读方式打开数据库。如果该问题成功
解决，则只读数据库对象就会关闭，然后返回一个可读写的数据库对象。也就是说getReadableDatabase()将getWritableDatabase()在安全上进行了优化。
在4.4的源码中：/frameworks/base/core/java/android/database/sqlite/SQLiteOpenHelper.java
/**
* Create and/or open a database that will be used for reading and writing.
* The first time this is called, the database will be opened and
* {@link #onCreate}, {@link #onUpgrade} and/or {@link #onOpen} will be
* called.
*
* Once opened successfully, the database is cached, so you can
* call this method every time you need to write to the database.
* (Make sure to call {@link #close} when you no longer need the database.)
* Errors such as bad permissions or a full disk may cause this method
* to fail, but future attempts may succeed if the problem is fixed.
*
* Database upgrade may take a long time, you
* should not call this method from the application main thread, including
* from {@link android.content.ContentProvider#onCreate ContentProvider.onCreate()}.
*
* @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened for writing
* @return a read/write database object valid until {@link #close} is called
*/
public SQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase() {
synchronized (this) {
return getDatabaseLocked(true);
}
}
/**
* Create and/or open a database. This will be the same object returned by
* {@link #getWritableDatabase} unless some problem, such as a full disk,
* requires the database to be opened read-only. In that case, a read-only
* database object will be returned. If the problem is fixed, a future call
* to {@link #getWritableDatabase} may succeed, in which case the read-only
* database object will be closed and the read/write object will be returned
* in the future.
*
*
Like {@link #getWritableDatabase}, this method may
* take a long time to return, so you should not call it from the
* application main thread, including from
* {@link android.content.ContentProvider#onCreate ContentProvider.onCreate()}.
*
* @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened
* @return a database object valid until {@link #getWritableDatabase}
* or {@link #close} is called.
*/
public SQLiteDatabase getReadableDatabase() {
synchronized (this) {
return getDatabaseLocked(false);
}
}
private SQLiteDatabase getDatabaseLocked(boolean writable) {
if (mDatabase != null) {
if (!mDatabase.isOpen()) {
// Darn! The user closed the database by calling mDatabase.close().
mDatabase = null;
} else if (!writable || !mDatabase.isReadOnly()) {
// The database is already open for business.
return mDatabase;
}
}
if (mIsInitializing) {
throw new IllegalStateException("getDatabase called recursively");
}
SQLiteDatabase db = mDatabase;
try {
mIsInitializing = true;
if (db != null) {
if (writable && db.isReadOnly()) {
db.reopenReadWrite();
}
} else if (mName == null) {
db = SQLiteDatabase.create(null);
} else {
try {
if (DEBUG_STRICT_READONLY && !writable) {
final String path = mContext.getDatabasePath(mName).getPath();
db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(path, mFactory,
SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY, mErrorHandler);
} else {
db = mContext.openOrCreateDatabase(mName, mEnableWriteAheadLogging ?
Context.MODE_ENABLE_WRITE_AHEAD_LOGGING : 0,
mFactory, mErrorHandler);
}
} catch (SQLiteException ex) {
if (writable) {
throw ex;
}
Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't open " + mName
+ " for writing (will try read-only):", ex);
final String path = mContext.getDatabasePath(mName).getPath();
db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(path, mFactory,
SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY, mErrorHandler);
}
}
onConfigure(db);
final int version = db.getVersion();
if (version != mNewVersion) {
if (db.isReadOnly()) {
throw new SQLiteException("Can't upgrade read-only database from version " +
db.getVersion() + " to " + mNewVersion + ": " + mName);
}
db.beginTransaction();
try {
if (version == 0) {
onCreate(db);
} else {
if (version > mNewVersion) {
onDowngrade(db, version, mNewVersion);
} else {
onUpgrade(db, version, mNewVersion);
}
}
db.setVersion(mNewVersion);
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
} finally {
db.endTransaction();
}
}
onOpen(db);
if (db.isReadOnly()) {
Log.w(TAG, "Opened " + mName + " in read-only mode");
}
mDatabase = db;
return db;
} finally {
mIsInitializing = false;
if (db != null && db != mDatabase) {
db.close();
}
}
}
对于getReadableDatabase（）的注释，大致意思也就是：
getWritableDatabase()和getReadableDatabase()会返回相同的对象，除非出现了一些如空间已满的问题，这时就会返回一个只读的对象。当问题解决了之后，只读对象将会被关闭，这时就会返回一个可读写的对象。
SQL实例可执行代码：
http://download.csdn.net/detail/tangnengwu/7369503