搭建Nginx+Django+fastcgi服务器环境

我的安装背景：
客户端：win7
服务器：VM装centos6.4
下面是教程：

一、获取相关开源程序：

sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

二、下载源码nginx：

mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz

三、创建www用户和组：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

四、安装Nginx 0.8.46：

1.安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.10/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

2.安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.46/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../

3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs

4、创建Nginx配置文件

　　①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容：

user  www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. 
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events 
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}

http 
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;

  #charset  gb2312;
      
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
      
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;

  keepalive_timeout 60;

  tcp_nodelay on;

  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;

  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;
}

5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

五、配置开机自动启动Nginx

vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下内容：

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

六、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容：

# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768


net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216


net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2


net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1


net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800


#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535

使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

七、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

八、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本

1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

输入以下内容：

#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00


# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"


mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

输入以下内容：

00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

九、下载和安装Django

1、官网下载Django

wget www.djangoproject.com/download/1.3/tarball/

2、解压、安装

tar xzvf Django-1.3.tar.gz
cd Django-1.3
sudo python setup.py install
cd ../

十、将Django的项目加入到Nginx里

为了方便用域名访问，我们需要将Django与nginx结合，这样我们需要在nginx.conf里加入一个server,在nginx.conf 里加入：

# django project
include django.conf;

 
在nginx/conf/新建：diango.conf，加入如下代码：

# Django project
server {
listen  80;
server_name 192.168.1.128;
#include conf/bots.conf;
location / {
#fastcgi_pass unix:/home/projectname/server.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8080;
#include conf/bots.conf;
include   fastcgi_django.conf;
access_log  /data1/logs/nginx_django.log;
}
location ^~ /admin/ {
#fastcgi_pass unix:/home/projectname/server.sock;
include  conf/fastcgi_django.conf;
access_log   off;
#auth_basic “Welcome to admin”;
#auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx_passwd;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(mpg|avi|mp3|swf|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|rtf|mpeg)$ {
root   /data0/htdocs/pylabs/media;
limit_rate 2000K;
access_log  /data1/logs/nginx_django_media.log;
access_log   off;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|bmp|js)$ {
root   /data0/htdocs/pylabs/static;
access_log   off;
expires      30d;
}
location /403.html {
root   /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx;
access_log   off;
}
location /401.html {
root   /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx;
access_log   off;
}
location /404.html {
root   /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx;
access_log   off;
}
location = /_.gif {
empty_gif;
access_log   off;
}
}# Django project
server {
listen  80;
server_name 192.168.1.128;
#include conf/bots.conf;
location / {
#fastcgi_pass unix:/home/projectname/server.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8080;
#include conf/bots.conf;
include   fastcgi_django.conf;
access_log  /data1/logs/nginx_django.log;
}
location ^~ /admin/ {
#fastcgi_pass unix:/home/projectname/server.sock;
include  conf/fastcgi_django.conf;
access_log   off;
#auth_basic “Welcome to admin”;
#auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx_passwd;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(mpg|avi|mp3|swf|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|rtf|mpeg)$ {
root   /data0/htdocs/pylabs/media;
limit_rate 2000K;
access_log  /data1/logs/nginx_django_media.log;
access_log   off;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|bmp|js)$ {
root   /data0/htdocs/pylabs/static;
access_log   off;
expires      30d;
}
location /403.html {
root   /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx;
access_log   off;
}
location /401.html {
root   /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx;
access_log   off;
}
location /404.html {
root   /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx;
access_log   off;
}
location = /_.gif {
empty_gif;
access_log   off;
}
}

以上用到了fstcgi_django.conf,所以在nginx/conf下，新建：fastcgi_django.conf,加入如下内容：

fastcgi_pass_header Authorization;
fastcgi_intercept_errors off;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO         $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD      $request_method;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING        $query_string;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE        $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH      $content_length;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT         $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL     $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME         $server_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI         $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI      $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT          $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR            $server_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER         $remote_user;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR         $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT         $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE     "nginx";
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE     "CGI/1.1";
#fastcgi_param GEO            $geo;
fastcgi_param UID_SET         $uid_set;
fastcgi_param UID_GOT         $uid_got;
#fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;

十一、下载安装flup

wget http://www.saddi.com/software/flup/dist/flup-1.0.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf flup-1.0.2.tar.gz
cd flup-1.0.2
python setup.py install

成功提示：
Installed /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c9-py2.4.egg
Processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c9
Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c9
Processing flup-1.0.2-py2.4.egg
Copying flup-1.0.2-py2.4.egg to /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages
Adding flup 1.0.2 to easy-install.pth file
Installed /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/flup-1.0.2-py2.4.egg
Processing dependencies for flup==1.0.2
Finished processing dependencies for flup==1.0.2

十二、验证安装是否成功

1.重新加载Nginx的配置文件：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

2.创建django项目

cd /data0
mkdir Django
cd Django
django-admin.py startproject mysite
cd mysite
python manage.py runfcgi method=threaded host=127.0.0.1 port=8080 pidfile=django.pid

3.在客户端浏览器输入192.168.1.128即可看到Django项目"It worked!"界面。

注意：如果访问不了可能是防火墙没有关
chkconfig iptables off
service iptables stop