Ansible之采集系统信息&自定义模块
文章目录
- setup 模块采集系统信息
- facts 组件
- 变量引用 json 数据方式
- debug 模块
- register 注册变量
- 引用模块命令的输出
- 引用 json 字典/数组数据
- 引用 facts 数据
- 注册和定义变量的方式
- 从命令行中传递
- playbook 中的 vars
- 通过 register 注册
- 通过 set_fact 模块定义
- 通过 var_files 文件定义
- inventory 中的主机变量和主机组变量
- 两种采集自定义数据的方式
- 通过 .fact 文件
- 通过 python 脚本
- 自定义模块
- 编写模块
- 启动模块目录
- 测试自定义模块
setup 模块采集系统信息
在Ansible之常用模块中我们简单的介绍了这个模块，但这个模块的使用跟其他模块不太一样，主要是与自定义模块配合使用的，所以放在这里来讲。
facts 组件
在讲 setup 模块之前我们先来讲讲 facts 组件：这个组件是用来收集被管理节点信息的，使用 setup 模块可以获取这些信息，facts 收集的数据是 json 格式的，其内任意一项都可以当作变量被直接应用（如在 playbook、Jinja2 模板中）。
ansible_manager ~ > ansible webservers -m setup
192.168.159.131 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"192.168.159.131"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::e68f:2f9d:64c4:eaf"
],
"ansible_apparmor": {
"status": "disabled"
},
"ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_bios_date": "07/29/2019",
"ansible_bios_version": "6.00",
"ansible_cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7.x86_64",
"LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
"quiet": true,
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=9102522f-d3d9-40a4-b8ab-ea22947588db"
},
"ansible_date_time": {
"date": "2020-03-26",
"day": "26",
"epoch": "1585221115",
"hour": "19",
"iso8601": "2020-03-26T11:11:55Z",
"iso8601_basic": "20200326T191155513355",
"iso8601_basic_short": "20200326T191155",
"iso8601_micro": "2020-03-26T11:11:55.513445Z",
"minute": "11",
"month": "03",
"second": "55",
"time": "19:11:55",
"tz": "CST",
"tz_offset": "+0800",
"weekday": "星期四",
"weekday_number": "4",
"weeknumber": "12",
"year": "2020"
},
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.159.131",
"alias": "ens33",
"broadcast": "192.168.159.255",
"gateway": "192.168.159.2",
"interface": "ens33",
"macaddress": "00:0c:29:1e:c8:6c",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.159.0",
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_default_ipv6": {},
"ansible_device_links": {
"ids": {
"sr0": [
"ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
]
},
"labels": {
"sr0": [
"CentOS\\x207\\x20x86_64"
]
},
"masters": {},
"uuids": {
"sda1": [
"35ae303e-6bb5-4109-a5bc-9369f9f0a55d"
],
"sda2": [
"9102522f-d3d9-40a4-b8ab-ea22947588db"
],
"sda3": [
"f65b116d-2e5c-467c-8189-4d80543e8ae4"
],
"sr0": [
"2017-09-05-14-14-50-00"
]
}
},
"ansible_devices": {
"sda": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": "VMware Virtual S",
"partitions": {
"sda1": {
"holders": [],
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": [
"35ae303e-6bb5-4109-a5bc-9369f9f0a55d"
]
},
"sectors": "409600",
"sectorsize": 512,
"size": "200.00 MB",
"start": "2048",
"uuid": "35ae303e-6bb5-4109-a5bc-9369f9f0a55d"
},
"sda2": {
"holders": [],
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": [
"9102522f-d3d9-40a4-b8ab-ea22947588db"
]
},
"sectors": "22648832",
"sectorsize": 512,
"size": "10.80 GB",
"start": "411648",
"uuid": "9102522f-d3d9-40a4-b8ab-ea22947588db"
},
"sda3": {
"holders": [],
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": [
"f65b116d-2e5c-467c-8189-4d80543e8ae4"
]
},
"sectors": "4194304",
"sectorsize": 512,
"size": "2.00 GB",
"start": "23060480",
"uuid": "f65b116d-2e5c-467c-8189-4d80543e8ae4"
}
},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "deadline",
"sectors": "41943040",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "20.00 GB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": "VMware,",
"virtual": 1
},
"sr0": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [
"ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
],
"labels": [
"CentOS\\x207\\x20x86_64"
],
"masters": [],
"uuids": [
"2017-09-05-14-14-50-00"
]
},
"model": "VMware IDE CDR10",
"partitions": {},
"removable": "1",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "deadline",
"sectors": "1622016",
"sectorsize": "2048",
"size": "792.00 MB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": "NECVMWar",
"virtual": 1
}
},
"ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
"ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true,
"ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/redhat-release",
"ansible_distribution_file_variety": "RedHat",
"ansible_distribution_major_version": "7",
"ansible_distribution_release": "Core",
"ansible_distribution_version": "7.7",
"ansible_dns": {
"nameservers": [
"114.114.114.114",
"223.5.5.5"
]
},
"ansible_domain": "",
"ansible_effective_group_id": 0,
"ansible_effective_user_id": 0,
"ansible_ens33": {
"active": true,
"device": "ens33",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "off [fixed]",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
"loopback": "off [fixed]",
"netns_local": "off [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
"rx_all": "off",
"rx_checksumming": "off",
"rx_fcs": "off",
"rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
"rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "on",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_lockless": "off [fixed]",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]",
"vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
},
"hw_timestamp_filters": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.159.131",
"broadcast": "192.168.159.255",
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.159.0"
},
"ipv6": [
{
"address": "fe80::e68f:2f9d:64c4:eaf",
"prefix": "64",
"scope": "link"
}
],
"macaddress": "00:0c:29:1e:c8:6c",
"module": "e1000",
"mtu": 1500,
"pciid": "0000:02:01.0",
"promisc": false,
"speed": 1000,
"timestamping": [
"tx_software",
"rx_software",
"software"
],
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_env": {
"HOME": "/root",
"LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
"LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s",
"LOGNAME": "root",
"LS_COLORS": "rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=01;05;37;41:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=01;36:*.au=01;36:*.flac=01;36:*.mid=01;36:*.midi=01;36:*.mka=01;36:*.mp3=01;36:*.mpc=01;36:*.ogg=01;36:*.ra=01;36:*.wav=01;36:*.axa=01;36:*.oga=01;36:*.spx=01;36:*.xspf=01;36:",
"MAIL": "/var/mail/root",
"PATH": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
"PWD": "/root",
"SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED": "",
"SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED": "",
"SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE": "",
"SHELL": "/bin/bash",
"SHLVL": "2",
"SSH_CLIENT": "192.168.159.129 49748 22",
"SSH_CONNECTION": "192.168.159.129 49748 192.168.159.131 22",
"SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/2",
"TERM": "xterm",
"USER": "root",
"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/0",
"XDG_SESSION_ID": "15",
"_": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [],
"ansible_fips": false,
"ansible_form_factor": "Other",
"ansible_fqdn": "ansible_node1",
"ansible_hostname": "ansible_node1",
"ansible_hostnqn": "",
"ansible_interfaces": [
"lo",
"ens33"
],
"ansible_is_chroot": false,
"ansible_iscsi_iqn": "",
"ansible_kernel": "3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7.x86_64",
"ansible_kernel_version": "#1 SMP Tue Feb 4 23:02:59 UTC 2020",
"ansible_lo": {
"active": true,
"device": "lo",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "on [fixed]",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
"loopback": "on [fixed]",
"netns_local": "on [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
"rx_all": "off [fixed]",
"rx_checksumming": "on [fixed]",
"rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
"rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
"rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_lockless": "on [fixed]",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off [fixed]",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on [fixed]",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "on",
"vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]"
},
"hw_timestamp_filters": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "127.0.0.1",
"broadcast": "host",
"netmask": "255.0.0.0",
"network": "127.0.0.0"
},
"ipv6": [
{
"address": "::1",
"prefix": "128",
"scope": "host"
}
],
"mtu": 65536,
"promisc": false,
"timestamping": [
"rx_software",
"software"
],
"type": "loopback"
},
"ansible_local": {
"cpuinfo": {
"cpu": {
"cpuname": "i7 8700tes",
"cpunum": "4"
}
},
"get_process": {
"pnum": "1024"
}
},
"ansible_lsb": {},
"ansible_machine": "x86_64",
"ansible_machine_id": "5b98a695d07649d2811ed35f1f86e0c8",
"ansible_memfree_mb": 280,
"ansible_memory_mb": {
"nocache": {
"free": 749,
"used": 223
},
"real": {
"free": 280,
"total": 972,
"used": 692
},
"swap": {
"cached": 0,
"free": 2047,
"total": 2047,
"used": 0
}
},
"ansible_memtotal_mb": 972,
"ansible_mounts": [
{
"block_available": 33096,
"block_size": 1024,
"block_total": 194235,
"block_used": 161139,
"device": "/dev/sda1",
"fstype": "ext4",
"inode_available": 50852,
"inode_total": 51200,
"inode_used": 348,
"mount": "/boot",
"options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,data=ordered",
"size_available": 33890304,
"size_total": 198896640,
"uuid": "35ae303e-6bb5-4109-a5bc-9369f9f0a55d"
},
{
"block_available": 2135489,
"block_size": 4096,
"block_total": 2753849,
"block_used": 618360,
"device": "/dev/sda2",
"fstype": "ext4",
"inode_available": 651125,
"inode_total": 708528,
"inode_used": 57403,
"mount": "/",
"options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,data=ordered",
"size_available": 8746962944,
"size_total": 11279765504,
"uuid": "9102522f-d3d9-40a4-b8ab-ea22947588db"
}
],
"ansible_nodename": "ansible_node1",
"ansible_os_family": "RedHat",
"ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum",
"ansible_proc_cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7.x86_64",
"LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
"quiet": true,
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=9102522f-d3d9-40a4-b8ab-ea22947588db"
},
"ansible_processor": [
"0",
"GenuineIntel",
"Genuine Intel(R) CPU 0000 @ 1.60GHz"
],
"ansible_processor_cores": 1,
"ansible_processor_count": 1,
"ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1,
"ansible_processor_vcpus": 1,
"ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform",
"ansible_product_serial": "VMware-56 4d c1 80 5a 86 49 29-63 06 97 f1 59 1e c8 6c",
"ansible_product_uuid": "80C14D56-865A-2949-6306-97F1591EC86C",
"ansible_product_version": "None",
"ansible_python": {
"executable": "/usr/bin/python",
"has_sslcontext": true,
"type": "CPython",
"version": {
"major": 2,
"micro": 5,
"minor": 7,
"releaselevel": "final",
"serial": 0
},
"version_info": [
2,
7,
5,
"final",
0
]
},
"ansible_python_version": "2.7.5",
"ansible_real_group_id": 0,
"ansible_real_user_id": 0,
"ansible_selinux": {
"config_mode": "enforcing",
"mode": "enforcing",
"policyvers": 31,
"status": "enabled",
"type": "targeted"
},
"ansible_selinux_python_present": true,
"ansible_service_mgr": "systemd",
"ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBIbjWycBuNQrntFBAh0VxF1C/yaT09tkTzAtG5SmA5ZVwrcU31jPfSSiPyt34ibMfODOmgfYVcOZQjymCKG9Prg=",
"ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIMDyVF/SfqZ3HnaDjY5vQ8mXjAJ/IN41rp+ifAwm0ROF",
"ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+S1kqCyMtx3qF1X//1JNZcB+1yHMo1uueH1+hEaj/vtNpe5FUFLDTYzgOZwmPHEMq9dk5Sc9DEOcgNnrsEJusHgJAN1Yn52bmzemnlmZf8nf/jbISY1G+HhH3z1nYO68UW0xbcKxP7odZ/SyCHGl9P6DNNhTSaM+guA+QvT3FAvGDd5uaoYsrGCRqO8JM753WmOtskGiJ0SHP2WBc6xH3qx9svA8xMsI0qRi7Us5MRqwRH/PEb1yNoWBHHZuve+KmSLY3uEPqR2S8uHa3NN6YP3F4TBFhRdHQhdxhnRyp0a3BxAQyWguO05is6Yt/iuonB21SNxM4b+yeMnxXqfUd",
"ansible_swapfree_mb": 2047,
"ansible_swaptotal_mb": 2047,
"ansible_system": "Linux",
"ansible_system_capabilities": [
"cap_chown",
"cap_dac_override",
"cap_dac_read_search",
"cap_fowner",
"cap_fsetid",
"cap_kill",
"cap_setgid",
"cap_setuid",
"cap_setpcap",
"cap_linux_immutable",
"cap_net_bind_service",
"cap_net_broadcast",
"cap_net_admin",
"cap_net_raw",
"cap_ipc_lock",
"cap_ipc_owner",
"cap_sys_module",
"cap_sys_rawio",
"cap_sys_chroot",
"cap_sys_ptrace",
"cap_sys_pacct",
"cap_sys_admin",
"cap_sys_boot",
"cap_sys_nice",
"cap_sys_resource",
"cap_sys_time",
"cap_sys_tty_config",
"cap_mknod",
"cap_lease",
"cap_audit_write",
"cap_audit_control",
"cap_setfcap",
"cap_mac_override",
"cap_mac_admin",
"cap_syslog",
"35",
"36+ep"
],
"ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True",
"ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.",
"ansible_uptime_seconds": 17767,
"ansible_user_dir": "/root",
"ansible_user_gecos": "root",
"ansible_user_gid": 0,
"ansible_user_id": "root",
"ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash",
"ansible_user_uid": 0,
"ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_userspace_bits": "64",
"ansible_virtualization_role": "guest",
"ansible_virtualization_type": "VMware",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python",
"gather_subset": [
"all"
],
"module_setup": true
},
"changed": false
}
可以看到使用 setup 这个模块返回了一个很长很长的 json 串，而这个 json 串的内容就是以 ansible_facts 为键的一个键值对，值的部分就是远程主机中的各种信息，我们可以通过 setup 模块的参数 filter 过滤出更细的内容：
ansible_manager ~ > ansible webservers -m setup -a "filter=ansible_ens33"
192.168.159.131 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_ens33": {
"active": true,
"device": "ens33",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "off [fixed]",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
"loopback": "off [fixed]",
"netns_local": "off [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
"rx_all": "off",
"rx_checksumming": "off",
"rx_fcs": "off",
"rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
"rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "on",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_lockless": "off [fixed]",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]",
"vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
},
"hw_timestamp_filters": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.159.131",
"broadcast": "192.168.159.255",
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.159.0"
},
"ipv6": [
{
"address": "fe80::e68f:2f9d:64c4:eaf",
"prefix": "64",
"scope": "link"
}
],
"macaddress": "00:0c:29:1e:c8:6c",
"module": "e1000",
"mtu": 1500,
"pciid": "0000:02:01.0",
"promisc": false,
"speed": 1000,
"timestamping": [
"tx_software",
"rx_software",
"software"
],
"type": "ether"
},
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
也可以使用通配符来查找：
ansible_manager ~ > ansible webservers -m setup -a "filter=*_ipv4"
192.168.159.131 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.159.131",
"alias": "ens33",
"broadcast": "192.168.159.255",
"gateway": "192.168.159.2",
"interface": "ens33",
"macaddress": "00:0c:29:1e:c8:6c",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.159.0",
"type": "ether"
},
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
值得注意的是，这里 filter 的内容只能过滤到 ansible_facts 下一层的键值对，无法进行更精细的过滤
变量引用 json 数据方式
虽然说 setup 的 filter 模块只能解析到第二层键值对，但是它返回来的数据仍是 json 串。实时上许多模块执行后返回给主控端的值都是 json 串，而对于 json 串 可以通过转变成 playbook 的变量来获取更细的数据
debug 模块
debug 是 ansible 版本的 print 语句，可以输出变量的内容或者随意的字符串，利于 playbook 执行阶段的调试，参数有：
msg：输出定义好的 message，如果没有则默认输出 Hello world！msg引用变量的语法为 Jinja2var：输出变量的内容，不可与msg选项公用
register 注册变量
register 可以用在 tasks 中，用于注册变量，得到的值为 tasks 的返回值，可以通过返回值来判断任务的执行状态
引用模块命令的输出
将命令注册成变量，并用 debug 模块输出或直接在 template 或者 playbook 中引用
# test.yml
- hosts: 192.168.159.131
tasks:
- shell: echo hello world
# 注册这个任务的输出结果
register: say_hi
- debug: var=say_hi
ansible_manager ~ > ansible-playbook test.yml
PLAY [192.168.159.131] *********************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.159.131]
TASK [shell] *******************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.159.131]
TASK [debug] *******************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.159.131] => {
"say_hi": {
"changed": true,
"cmd": "echo hello world",
"delta": "0:00:00.004234",
"end": "2020-03-26 20:17:59.933311",
"failed": false,
"rc": 0,
"start": "2020-03-26 20:17:59.929077",
"stderr": "",
"stderr_lines": [],
"stdout": "hello world",
"stdout_lines": [
"hello world"
]
}
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************
192.168.159.131 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
可以看到，执行 debug 模块后，返回了 shell 模块执行的结果，执行状态、使用的命令等
引用 json 字典/数组数据
通过引用模块命令的输出可以看到这个返回值同样是一大段 json 串，这时候就 json 子串中的键值对或列表就可以引用字典或数组的方式来获得更细的结果
- 字典：引用键值对，通过 key[‘dict’] 或 key.dict
# test.yml
- hosts: 192.168.159.131
tasks:
- shell: echo hello world
register: say_hi
- debug: var=say_hi.stdout
- debug: var=say_hi['stdout']
ansible_manager ~ > ansible-playbook test.yml
PLAY [192.168.159.131] *********************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.159.131]
TASK [shell] *******************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.159.131]
TASK [debug] *******************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.159.131] => {
"say_hi.stdout": "hello world"
}
TASK [debug] *******************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.159.131] => {
"say_hi['stdout']": "hello world"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************
192.168.159.131 : ok=4 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
- 数组：引用列表，通过 key[N]，N 从 0 开始
# test.yml
- hosts: 192.168.159.131
tasks:
- shell: echo hello world
register: say_hi
- debug: var=say_hi.stdout_lines[0]
ansible_manager ~ > ansible-playbook test.yml
PLAY [192.168.159.131] *********************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.159.131]
TASK [shell] *******************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.159.131]
TASK [debug] *******************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.159.131] => {
"say_hi.stdout_lines[0]": "hello world"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************
192.168.159.131 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
引用 facts 数据
从前面 playbook 的执行过程可以看到，第一个执行的 task 总是 Gathering Facts：其实在执行每一个 playbook 时 ansible 都会自动为我们注册一个 ansible_facts 的变量，我们可以直接引用
# test.yml
- hosts: 192.168.159.131
tasks:
- shell: echo hello world
register: say_hi
- debug: msg={{ ansible_facts.ens33.ipv4.address }} # 在这里引用内层字典会自动把ansible_的头去掉
ansible_manager ~ > ansible-playbook test.yml
PLAY [192.168.159.131] *********************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.159.131]
TASK [shell] *******************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.159.131]
TASK [debug] *******************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.159.131] => {
"ansible_facts.ens33.ipv4.address": "192.168.159.131"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************
192.168.159.131 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
注册和定义变量的方式
从命令行中传递
使用 -e 选项定义变量
ansible IP -m shell -a "echo {{ say_hi }}" -e 'say_hi="hello_world"'
playbook 中的 vars
# playbook.yml
- hosts: localhost
vars:
var1: value1
var2: value2
tasks:
- debug: msg="{{ var1 }} {{ var2 }}"
vars:
# 输出的var2是value2.2，局部优先
var2: value2.2
通过 register 注册
# playbook.yml
- hosts: 192.168.159.131
tasks:
- shell: echo hello world
register: say_hi
- debug: var=say_hi.stdout
通过 set_fact 模块定义
# playbook.yml
- hosts: localhost
tasks:
- set_fact: one_fact="something"
- debug: var=one_fact
通过 var_files 文件定义
# playbook.yml
- hosts: localhost
vars_files:
- var_file.yml
tasks:
- debug: msg="{{ var1 }} {{ var2 }}"
# var_file.yml
var1: value1
var2: value2
inventory 中的主机变量和主机组变量
# 局部优先
192.168.100.68 ansible_ssh_port=22 var1=1
[centos7]
192.168.100.63
192.168.100.64
192.168.100.65 var1=2
[centos7:vars]
var1=2.2
var2=3
[all:vars]
var2=4
两种采集自定义数据的方式
局限性：所有文件、脚本在远程主机中定义
通过 .fact 文件
在远程主机上创建 /etc/ansible/facts.d/ 目录，将定义的数据写入 .fact 文件中放在这里，在主控端就可以通过 setup 模块过滤出 ansible_local 来取得这些数据。.fact 的语法与 Windows 上 .ini 文件的语法格式一样
# 远程主机
# /etc/ansible/facts.d/cpuinfo.fact
[cpuinfo]
cpunum=6
cpuname=i7 8700tes
ansible_manager ~ > ansible webservers -m setup -a "filter=ansible_local"
192.168.159.131 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_local": {
"cpuinfo": {
"cpu": {
"cpuname": "i7 8700tes",
"cpunum": "4"
}
},
},
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
通过 python 脚本
同样也是将 python 脚本放在远程主机中的 /etc/ansible/facts.d/ 目录下。python 脚本的后缀也为.fact。由于是脚本文件，需要给文件加执行权限
#!/usr/bin/env python
# 远程主机，写python脚本获取最大支持的进程数
# /etc/ansible/facts.d/get_process.fact
import os,json
def get_process_num():
dic = {}
file = os.popen('ulimit -n').read().strip()
dic['pnum'] = file
print json.dumps(dic)
if __name__ == '__main__':
get_process_num()
ansible_manager ~ > ansible webservers -m setup -a "filter=ansible_local"
192.168.159.131 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_local": {
"cpuinfo": {
"cpu": {
"cpuname": "i7 8700tes",
"cpunum": "4"
}
},
"get_process": {
"pnum": "1024"
}
},
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
自定义模块
优点：文件和脚本都在主控端中，更方便
编写模块
ansible 的模块/usr/share/my_modules/ 目录中
#!/usr/bin/env python
# 主控端
# /usr/share/my_modules/uptime.py
import json
import os
up = os.popen('uptime').read()
dic = {"result": up}
print json.dumps(dic)
启动模块目录
ansible 默认是不启用自定义模块的，需要在配置文件中打开
vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
libray=/usr/share/my_modules/
测试自定义模块
可以使用 ansible-doc -l 命令来查看模块是否被 ansible 记录在内
ansible_manager ~ > ansible-doc -l | grep uptime
uptimerobot Pause and start Uptime Robot monitoring
uptime UNDOCUMENTED
执行测试
ansible_manager ~ > ansible all -m uptime
192.168.159.131 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"result": " 21:16:59 up 7:01, 4 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05\n"
}