静态路由及默认路由
拓扑图
场景，通过配置，使R1,R2,R3之间互联互通
1、配置R1,R2,R3设备名称和IP地址
R1配置
system-view
sysname r1
interface serial 4/0/0
ip address 10.0.12.1 24
description this port connect to r2-s4/0/0 //与路由器2serial接口进行连接通信
quit
inteface gigabitethernet 0/0/0
ip address 10.0.13.1 24
description this port connect to r3-g0/0/0 //与路由器3接口进行连接通信
interface loopback 0 //进入回环接口地址
ip address 10.0.1.1 24
配置完成后检查配置是否生效
display current-configuration
R2的配置
system-view
sysname r2
interface serial 4/0/0
ip address 10.0.12.2 24
description this port connect to r1-s4/0/0
quit
interface serial 4/0/1
ip address 10.0.23.2 24
desciption this port connect to r3-s4/0/1
quit
interface loopback 0
ipaddress 10.0.2.2 24
display current-configuration
R3的配置
system-view
sysname r3
interface serial 4/0//1
ip address 10.0.23.3 24
description this port connect to r2-s4/0/1
quit
interface gigabitethernet 0/0/0
ip address 10.0.13.3 24
description this port connect to r1-g0/0/0
quit
interface loopback 0
ip address 10.0.3.3 24
dis current-configuration
配置完成后各端口下IP地址及信息
R1 serial 4/0/0 10.0.12.1 int gi 0/0/0 10.0.13.1 loopback 10.0.1.1
R2 serial 4/0/0 10.0.12.2 serial 4/0/1 10.0.23.2 loopback 10.0.2.2
R3 serial 4/0/1 10.0.23.3 int gi 0/0/0 10.0.13.3 loopback 10.0.3.3
R1 S4/0/0-----R2 S4/0/0 R1 int gi 0/0/0 --------R3 int gi 0/0/0
R3 S4/0/1-----R2 S4/0/1 R3 int gi 0/0/0-----R1 int gi 0/0/0
R2 S4/0/0-----R1 S4/0/0 R2 S4/0/1 --------R3 S4/0/1
基础配置完记得保存
在缺省下，save y
2、网络配置好后，看各网络的连通性
1、R1-R2 在R1上pingR2的地址
2、R1-R3 在R1上pingR3的地址
3、R2-R3 在R2上pingR3的地址
3、R2上网络贯通性
此时 R2上ping 10.0.13.3 和10.0.3.3 是不通的，
加过路由之后，网络变通，
ip route-static 10.0.13.0 24 10.0.23.3
ip route-static 10.0.3.0 2 24 10.0.23.3
形成第二条路由，并设置优先级
先在R1上设置 R1和R3之间路由通路，后设置路由路径，从R2 serial 4/0/0到 R1上，然后在到R3
[r1] ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.13.3 //这一点有点不明白，希望后期能整明白
[r2] ip route-static 10.0.13.0 24 serial 4/0/0 preference 80
[r2] ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 serial 4/0/0 preference 80
[r3] ip route-static 10.0.12.0 24 10.0.13.1 //R3上配置路由到13.1
加上路由后，验证是否路由通 |
[r2] ping 10.0.13.3 |
[r2] ping 10.0.3.3 |
分别看路径，看看路径如何走的 |
tracert 10.0.13.3 tracert 10.0.3.3 //思考，为何如此走 ！！
验证第二条路由是否通的
断开R2-R3之间连接，登录进去R2后，输入以下命令
interface serial 4/0/1
shutdown //启动端口 undo shutdown
此时在看到R3是否是通的
[r2] ping 10.0.13.3
[r2] ping 10.0.3.3
分别看路径，看看路径如何走的
tracert 10.0.13.3 tracert 10.0.3.3
4、在R1上配置路由，实现网络互通
先在R2上打开关闭的端口
测试R1到R3的连通性
ping 10.0.23.3 =>测试结果为不通
=> R1缺少到10.0.23.3的路由
加上路由 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.13.3
此时在测试R1到R3直接连通性
ping 10.0.23.3 => 已通
R1上备用路由配置
[r1] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2 preference 80
[r3] ip route-static 10.0.12.0 24 10.0.23.2 preference 80
检查路由配置是否生效 display ip routing-table
关闭R1-R3之间链路，检查此时路由，对比有何不同。
思考：
1.华为路由器下ping参数，和win下有很多不同
2.默认情况下发出去的ping数据包，源地址多少
3.此时所有网段是否已通
4.如果只实现互通，那种配置方式是最简洁的配置？
5.配置静态路由时，可以使用参数，“下一条的IP地址”，也可使用参数“接口标识”，有何不同？
解答(个人理解)：
1、 使用ping ？可以看到各种参数，可一一对照理解
2、我们使用ping -i 可以指定出去的网口。默认走优先级最高
3、
目前不太理解，以后求解。先把路由记录下来
R1 serial 4/0/0 10.0.12.1 int gi 0/0/0 10.0.13.1 loopback 10.0.1.1
R2 serial 4/0/0 10.0.12.2 serial 4/0/1 10.0.23.2 loopback 10.0.2.2
R3 serial 4/0/1 10.0.23.3 int gi 0/0/0 10.0.13.3 loopback 10.0.3.3
R1
dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 16 Routes : 16
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0
10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.0 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial4/0/0
10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/0
10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 Serial4/0/0
10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/0
10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 R2
dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 17 Routes : 17
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0
10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 Serial4/0/1
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 Serial4/0/0
10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial4/0/0
10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/0
10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/0
10.0.13.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 Serial4/0/1
10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.23.2 Serial4/0/1
10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/1
10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.23.3 Serial4/0/1
10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
R3
dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 15 Routes : 15
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.3.3 LoopBack0
10.0.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.3.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.0.13.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.23.3 Serial4/0/1
10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.23.2 Serial4/0/1
10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/1
10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial4/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
4、最近路径
5、目前不知，等待以后补充