web自动化--PYTHON Selenium
配置：
1 需要在Chrome浏览器安装插件ChromeDriver，放置在谷歌浏览器安装目录并加入环境变量path。
http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1o8IG7c2 密码: jb3g
简单演示代码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://blog.csdn.net/qton_csdn')
driver.maximize_window()#窗口最大化
print 'driver_title：',driver.title #标题
time.sleep(0.5)
driver.find_element_by_id("inputSearch").click()
driver.find_element_by_id("inputSearch").clear()
driver.find_element_by_id("inputSearch").send_keys("NG")
time.sleep(0.5)
driver.find_element_by_id("btnSubmit").click()
time.sleep(0.5)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//span[@class='link_title']").click()
time.sleep(0.5)
driver.back()
time.sleep(0.5)
driver.refresh()
time.sleep(0.5)
driver.forward()
time.sleep(2)
driver.close()模块化代码演示：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoAlertPresentException
import unittest, time, re
class TESR(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
self.base_url = "http://210.38.192.31:81/test.aspx"
self.verificationErrors = []
self.accept_next_alert = True
def test_(self):
# driver = self.driver
# driver.maximize_window()#窗口最大化
# driver.get(self.base_url)
# print 'driver_title：',driver.title #标题
# time.sleep(0.5)
# driver.find_element_by_id("inputSearch").click()
# driver.find_element_by_id("inputSearch").clear()
# driver.find_element_by_id("inputSearch").send_keys("SQL")
# time.sleep(0.5)
# driver.find_element_by_id("btnSubmit").click()
# time.sleep(0.5)
# driver.find_element_by_xpath("//span[@class='link_title']").click()
# time.sleep(0.5)
# driver.back()
# time.sleep(0.5)
# driver.refresh()
# time.sleep(0.5)
# driver.forward()
# time.sleep(2)
# driver.close()
driver = self.driver
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get(self.base_url)
print 'Title:',driver.title
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='txtUsername_Lib']").send_keys('1411003****')
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='txtPas_Lib']").send_keys('******')
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='btnLogin_Lib']").click()
time.sleep(2)
driver.get_cookies()
driver.get("http://210.38.192.31:81/user/bookborrowedhistory.aspx")
print 'title:',driver.title
driver.find_element_by_link_text('修改密码').click()
print '运行成功！'
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()
def is_element_present(self, how, what):
try: self.driver.find_element(by=how, value=what)
except NoSuchElementException as e: return False
return True
def is_alert_present(self):
try: self.driver.switch_to_alert()
except NoAlertPresentException as e: return False
return True
def close_alert_and_get_its_text(self):
try:
alert = self.driver.switch_to_alert()
alert_text = alert.text
if self.accept_next_alert:
alert.accept()
else:
alert.dismiss()
return alert_text
finally: self.accept_next_alert = True
def tearDown(self):
self.driver.quit()
self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
帮助文档：
可通过
print help(webdriver.Chrome())
查看在python下selenium的详细用法
Help on WebDriver in module selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver object:
class WebDriver(selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver)
| Controls the ChromeDriver and allows you to drive the browser.
|
| You will need to download the ChromeDriver executable from
| http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
|
| Method resolution order:
| WebDriver
| selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver
| __builtin__.object
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(self, executable_path='chromedriver', port=0, options=None, service_args=None, desired_capabilities=None, service_log_path=None, chrome_options=None)
| Creates a new instance of the chrome driver.
|
| Starts the service and then creates new instance of chrome driver.
|
| :Args:
| - executable_path - path to the executable. If the default is used it assumes the executable is in the $PATH
| - port - port you would like the service to run, if left as 0, a free port will be found.
| - desired_capabilities: Dictionary object with non-browser specific
| capabilities only, such as "proxy" or "loggingPref".
| - options: this takes an instance of ChromeOptions
|
| create_options(self)
|
| get_network_conditions(self)
| Gets Chrome network emulation settings.
|
| :Returns:
| A dict. For example:
|
| {'latency': 4, 'download_throughput': 2, 'upload_throughput': 2,
| 'offline': False}
|
| launch_app(self, id)
| Launches Chrome app specified by id.
|
| quit(self)
| Closes the browser and shuts down the ChromeDriver executable
| that is started when starting the ChromeDriver
|
| set_network_conditions(self, **network_conditions)
| Sets Chrome network emulation settings.
|
| :Args:
| - network_conditions: A dict with conditions specification.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.set_network_conditions(
| offline=False,
| latency=5, # additional latency (ms)
| download_throughput=500 * 1024, # maximal throughput
| upload_throughput=500 * 1024) # maximal throughput
|
| Note: 'throughput' can be used to set both (for download and upload).
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Methods inherited from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver:
|
| __repr__(self)
|
| add_cookie(self, cookie_dict)
| Adds a cookie to your current session.
|
| :Args:
| - cookie_dict: A dictionary object, with required keys - "name" and "value";
| optional keys - "path", "domain", "secure", "expiry"
|
| Usage:
| driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'})
| driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/'})
| driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/', 'secure':True})
|
| back(self)
| Goes one step backward in the browser history.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.back()
|
| close(self)
| Closes the current window.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.close()
|
| create_web_element(self, element_id)
| Creates a web element with the specified `element_id`.
|
| delete_all_cookies(self)
| Delete all cookies in the scope of the session.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.delete_all_cookies()
|
| delete_cookie(self, name)
| Deletes a single cookie with the given name.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.delete_cookie('my_cookie')
|
| execute(self, driver_command, params=None)
| Sends a command to be executed by a command.CommandExecutor.
|
| :Args:
| - driver_command: The name of the command to execute as a string.
| - params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.
|
| :Returns:
| The command's JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.
|
| execute_async_script(self, script, *args)
| Asynchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.
|
| :Args:
| - script: The JavaScript to execute.
| - \*args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.execute_async_script('document.title')
|
| execute_script(self, script, *args)
| Synchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.
|
| :Args:
| - script: The JavaScript to execute.
| - \*args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.execute_script('document.title')
|
| file_detector_context(*args, **kwds)
| Overrides the current file detector (if necessary) in limited context.
| Ensures the original file detector is set afterwards.
|
| Example:
|
| with webdriver.file_detector_context(UselessFileDetector):
| someinput.send_keys('/etc/hosts')
|
| :Args:
| - file_detector_class - Class of the desired file detector. If the class is different
| from the current file_detector, then the class is instantiated with args and kwargs
| and used as a file detector during the duration of the context manager.
| - args - Optional arguments that get passed to the file detector class during
| instantiation.
| - kwargs - Keyword arguments, passed the same way as args.
|
| find_element(self, by='id', value=None)
| 'Private' method used by the find_element_by_* methods.
|
| :Usage:
| Use the corresponding find_element_by_* instead of this.
|
| :rtype: WebElement
|
| find_element_by_class_name(self, name)
| Finds an element by class name.
|
| :Args:
| - name: The class name of the element to find.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_element_by_class_name('foo')
|
| find_element_by_css_selector(self, css_selector)
| Finds an element by css selector.
|
| :Args:
| - css_selector: The css selector to use when finding elements.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#foo')
|
| find_element_by_id(self, id_)
| Finds an element by id.
|
| :Args:
| - id\_ - The id of the element to be found.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_element_by_id('foo')
|
| find_element_by_link_text(self, link_text)
| Finds an element by link text.
|
| :Args:
| - link_text: The text of the element to be found.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_element_by_link_text('Sign In')
|
| find_element_by_name(self, name)
| Finds an element by name.
|
| :Args:
| - name: The name of the element to find.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_element_by_name('foo')
|
| find_element_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text)
| Finds an element by a partial match of its link text.
|
| :Args:
| - link_text: The text of the element to partially match on.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('Sign')
|
| find_element_by_tag_name(self, name)
| Finds an element by tag name.
|
| :Args:
| - name: The tag name of the element to find.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_element_by_tag_name('foo')
|
| find_element_by_xpath(self, xpath)
| Finds an element by xpath.
|
| :Args:
| - xpath - The xpath locator of the element to find.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div/td[1]')
|
| find_elements(self, by='id', value=None)
| 'Private' method used by the find_elements_by_* methods.
|
| :Usage:
| Use the corresponding find_elements_by_* instead of this.
|
| :rtype: list of WebElement
|
| find_elements_by_class_name(self, name)
| Finds elements by class name.
|
| :Args:
| - name: The class name of the elements to find.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_elements_by_class_name('foo')
|
| find_elements_by_css_selector(self, css_selector)
| Finds elements by css selector.
|
| :Args:
| - css_selector: The css selector to use when finding elements.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('.foo')
|
| find_elements_by_id(self, id_)
| Finds multiple elements by id.
|
| :Args:
| - id\_ - The id of the elements to be found.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_elements_by_id('foo')
|
| find_elements_by_link_text(self, text)
| Finds elements by link text.
|
| :Args:
| - link_text: The text of the elements to be found.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_elements_by_link_text('Sign In')
|
| find_elements_by_name(self, name)
| Finds elements by name.
|
| :Args:
| - name: The name of the elements to find.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_elements_by_name('foo')
|
| find_elements_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text)
| Finds elements by a partial match of their link text.
|
| :Args:
| - link_text: The text of the element to partial match on.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('Sign')
|
| find_elements_by_tag_name(self, name)
| Finds elements by tag name.
|
| :Args:
| - name: The tag name the use when finding elements.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('foo')
|
| find_elements_by_xpath(self, xpath)
| Finds multiple elements by xpath.
|
| :Args:
| - xpath - The xpath locator of the elements to be found.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//div[contains(@class, 'foo')]")
|
| forward(self)
| Goes one step forward in the browser history.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.forward()
|
| fullscreen_window(self)
| Invokes the window manager-specific 'full screen' operation
|
| get(self, url)
| Loads a web page in the current browser session.
|
| get_cookie(self, name)
| Get a single cookie by name. Returns the cookie if found, None if not.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.get_cookie('my_cookie')
|
| get_cookies(self)
| Returns a set of dictionaries, corresponding to cookies visible in the current session.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.get_cookies()
|
| get_log(self, log_type)
| Gets the log for a given log type
|
| :Args:
| - log_type: type of log that which will be returned
|
| :Usage:
| driver.get_log('browser')
| driver.get_log('driver')
| driver.get_log('client')
| driver.get_log('server')
|
| get_screenshot_as_base64(self)
| Gets the screenshot of the current window as a base64 encoded string
| which is useful in embedded images in HTML.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()
|
| get_screenshot_as_file(self, filename)
| Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file. Returns
| False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in
| your filename.
|
| :Args:
| - filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This
| should end with a `.png` extension.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.get_screenshot_as_file('/Screenshots/foo.png')
|
| get_screenshot_as_png(self)
| Gets the screenshot of the current window as a binary data.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
|
| get_window_position(self, windowHandle='current')
| Gets the x,y position of the current window.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.get_window_position()
|
| get_window_rect(self)
| Gets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width of
| the current window.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.get_window_rect()
|
| get_window_size(self, windowHandle='current')
| Gets the width and height of the current window.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.get_window_size()
|
| implicitly_wait(self, time_to_wait)
| Sets a sticky timeout to implicitly wait for an element to be found,
| or a command to complete. This method only needs to be called one
| time per session. To set the timeout for calls to
| execute_async_script, see set_script_timeout.
|
| :Args:
| - time_to_wait: Amount of time to wait (in seconds)
|
| :Usage:
| driver.implicitly_wait(30)
|
| maximize_window(self)
| Maximizes the current window that webdriver is using
|
| minimize_window(self)
| Invokes the window manager-specific 'minimize' operation
|
| refresh(self)
| Refreshes the current page.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.refresh()
|
| save_screenshot(self, filename)
| Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file. Returns
| False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in
| your filename.
|
| :Args:
| - filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This
| should end with a `.png` extension.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.save_screenshot('/Screenshots/foo.png')
|
| set_page_load_timeout(self, time_to_wait)
| Set the amount of time to wait for a page load to complete
| before throwing an error.
|
| :Args:
| - time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait
|
| :Usage:
| driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)
|
| set_script_timeout(self, time_to_wait)
| Set the amount of time that the script should wait during an
| execute_async_script call before throwing an error.
|
| :Args:
| - time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait (in seconds)
|
| :Usage:
| driver.set_script_timeout(30)
|
| set_window_position(self, x, y, windowHandle='current')
| Sets the x,y position of the current window. (window.moveTo)
|
| :Args:
| - x: the x-coordinate in pixels to set the window position
| - y: the y-coordinate in pixels to set the window position
|
| :Usage:
| driver.set_window_position(0,0)
|
| set_window_rect(self, x=None, y=None, width=None, height=None)
| Sets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width of
| the current window.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10)
| driver.set_window_rect(width=100, height=200)
| driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10, width=100, height=200)
|
| set_window_size(self, width, height, windowHandle='current')
| Sets the width and height of the current window. (window.resizeTo)
|
| :Args:
| - width: the width in pixels to set the window to
| - height: the height in pixels to set the window to
|
| :Usage:
| driver.set_window_size(800,600)
|
| start_client(self)
| Called before starting a new session. This method may be overridden
| to define custom startup behavior.
|
| start_session(self, capabilities, browser_profile=None)
| Creates a new session with the desired capabilities.
|
| :Args:
| - browser_name - The name of the browser to request.
| - version - Which browser version to request.
| - platform - Which platform to request the browser on.
| - javascript_enabled - Whether the new session should support JavaScript.
| - browser_profile - A selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object. Only used if Firefox is requested.
|
| stop_client(self)
| Called after executing a quit command. This method may be overridden
| to define custom shutdown behavior.
|
| switch_to_active_element(self)
| Deprecated use driver.switch_to.active_element
|
| switch_to_alert(self)
| Deprecated use driver.switch_to.alert
|
| switch_to_default_content(self)
| Deprecated use driver.switch_to.default_content
|
| switch_to_frame(self, frame_reference)
| Deprecated use driver.switch_to.frame
|
| switch_to_window(self, window_name)
| Deprecated use driver.switch_to.window
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors inherited from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver:
|
| __dict__
| dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
|
| application_cache
| Returns a ApplicationCache Object to interact with the browser app cache
|
| current_url
| Gets the URL of the current page.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.current_url
|
| current_window_handle
| Returns the handle of the current window.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.current_window_handle
|
| desired_capabilities
| returns the drivers current desired capabilities being used
|
| file_detector
|
| log_types
| Gets a list of the available log types
|
| :Usage:
| driver.log_types
|
| mobile
|
| name
| Returns the name of the underlying browser for this instance.
|
| :Usage:
| - driver.name
|
| orientation
| Gets the current orientation of the device
|
| :Usage:
| orientation = driver.orientation
|
| page_source
| Gets the source of the current page.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.page_source
|
| switch_to
|
| title
| Returns the title of the current page.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.title
|
| window_handles
| Returns the handles of all windows within the current session.
|
| :Usage:
| driver.window_handles
None