1、df -hl
查看系统硬盘(可用的,已经挂载)
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 1.9M 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/sda8 82G 12G 66G 16% / #现在的系统空间,只有82g
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 13M 13M 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/103
/dev/loop1 141M 141M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/70
/dev/loop2 15M 15M 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/37
/dev/loop3 35M 35M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/319
/dev/loop5 3.8M 3.8M 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/51
/dev/loop6 2.4M 2.4M 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/180
/dev/loop4 87M 87M 0 100% /snap/core/4917
/dev/sda6 945M 76M 805M 9% /boot
/dev/sda1 99M 19M 80M 20% /boot/efi
tmpfs 1.6G 16K 1.6G 1% /run/user/121
tmpfs 1.6G 1.4M 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000
其中 sda8的82G是linux文件系统所在的分区
2、sudo fdisk -l
查看系统分区情况
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x59fe59fe
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 204799 202752 99M 6 FAT16
/dev/sda2 204800 466943 262144 128M 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3 466944 488853503 488386560 232.9G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT #没有挂载的分区
/dev/sda4 488855550 976771071 487915522 232.7G f W95 Ext'd (LBA) #扩展分区,包括sda5~sda8
/dev/sda5 488855552 767055871 278200320 132.7G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda6 767057920 769056767 1998848 976M 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 769058816 801953791 32894976 15.7G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda8 801955840 976771071 174815232 83.4G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcf2bbeb4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 976769023 976766976 465.8G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT #另外一块硬盘,未挂载
可以看到系统有两个硬盘分别是 /dev/sda 和/dev/sdb
其中/dev/sda8是现在的系统可用空间,sda3~5和/dev/sdb1这几个个分区没有被挂载
需要将这几个未挂载的分区通过lvm合并为一个虚拟分区,并挂载在指定目录作为系统数据盘。
具体操作如下:
0、需要安装lvm2
sudo apt install lvm2 # 直接安装
或者
sudo apt install -d lvm2 # 打包下载模式,会下载所有需要的安装包
# 然后将所有的安装包拷贝到制定服务器中,通过以下命令安装
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
1、创建物理卷
xxxx@xxxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb1 #pvcreate命令创建物理卷,将/dev/sdb1创建成物理卷
WARNING: ntfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 3. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ntfs signature on /dev/sdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created. # 创建成功
xxxx@xxxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo pvdisplay #pvdisplay命令查看已创建的物理卷,可以看到刚才创建的/dev/sdb1已经创建好,空间为465g
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<465.76 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size <465.76 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID nH4Ctd-nKbk-BiKr-VIRM-LeL5-LcOv-w8lm02
2、依法炮制,分别将/dev/sda5和sda3 创建程物理卷
xxxx@xxxxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo pvdisplay
"/dev/sda5" is a new physical volume of "<132.66 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name
PV Size <132.66 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 4hy6FJ-I3kp-MAGk-p5kW-TKiF-ZUV8-NucR68
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<465.76 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size <465.76 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID nH4Ctd-nKbk-BiKr-VIRM-LeL5-LcOv-w8lm02
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "232.88 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 232.88 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID dxcoPX-8ZER-Pblj-wznH-cNYs-GBsu-sl0yde
3、将刚才创建的几个物理卷打包成卷组
xxxx@xxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo vgcreate vgdata /dev/sdb1 /dev/sda3 /dev/sda5 # 通过vgcreate 命令将刚才创建的三个物理卷打包, 打包后的卷组名称自定义为 vgdata
Volume group "vgdata" successfully created
xxxx@xxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgdata #自定义的卷组名称
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size <831.29 GiB # 卷组总空间
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 212810
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 212810 / <831.29 GiB
VG UUID 5Om20m-pFlv-9feC-FQNQ-HfOf-brgE-RvDpdA # uuid
4、利用刚创建好的卷组创建逻辑卷
xxxx@xxxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo lvcreate -L 830G -n lvsdata vgdata # 通过lvcreate 命令将刚创建的卷组 vgdata 生成逻辑卷 lvsdata, -L可以指定虚拟卷的大小, -n 指定逻辑卷的名称,可以自定义
WARNING: ntfs signature detected on /dev/vgdata/lvsdata at offset 3. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ntfs signature on /dev/vgdata/lvsdata.
Logical volume "lvsdata" created.
xxxx@xxxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo lvdisplay # lvdisplay 显示逻辑卷信息
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vgdata/lvsdata # 逻辑卷的路径
LV Name lvsdata # 逻辑卷名称
VG Name vgdata # 卷组的名称
LV UUID ojeOF0-pyh4-fLSY-RS09-KCSZ-Kd0j-ZiBZx5 # 逻辑卷uuid
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time zzd12tdl-test23, 2020-04-14 17:19:36 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 830.00 GiB # 逻辑卷大小
Current LE 212480
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
5、逻辑卷创建好后,就可以将该逻辑卷作为一个分区进行挂载
xxxx@xxxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vgdata/lvsdata # mkfs命令将 刚创建的逻辑卷格式化,-t 指定文件类型 ,该过程可能需要一点时间
mke2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Creating filesystem with 217579520 4k blocks and 54394880 inodes
Filesystem UUID: d217bfb0-219c-41fe-af9c-008b67396829
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
done
xxxx@xxxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/vgdata/lvsdata /home/data # 将刚才创建的逻辑卷/dev/vgdata/lvsdata 挂载在本地目录 /home/data下,以后就可以在该路径下访问这个逻辑卷
xxxx@xxxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ df -hl # 通过df -hl命令查看系统分区
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 1.9M 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/sda8 82G 12G 66G 16% /
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 13M 13M 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/103
/dev/loop1 141M 141M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/70
/dev/loop2 15M 15M 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/37
/dev/loop3 35M 35M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/319
/dev/loop5 3.8M 3.8M 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/51
/dev/loop6 2.4M 2.4M 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/180
/dev/loop4 87M 87M 0 100% /snap/core/4917
/dev/sda6 945M 78M 803M 9% /boot
/dev/sda1 99M 19M 80M 20% /boot/efi
tmpfs 1.6G 16K 1.6G 1% /run/user/121
tmpfs 1.6G 1.4M 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvsdata 816G 77M 775G 1% /home/data # 对比之前的系统信息,可以看到多了一个新的系统分区,大小为816G,暂时不清楚为什么不是830G
6、至此硬盘已经整合并挂载在我们指定的目录下,但是通过mount命令挂载的分区在系统重启后会消失,需要重新绑定,我们通过修改/etc/fstab文件来设置开机自动挂载
xxxx@xxxxxxxx:~/lvm2$ sudo blkid # 通过blkid命令查看分区的 uuid
[sudo] password for tools:
/dev/sda8: UUID="fdbc6367-9c37-4650-8deb-4372612cc8fc" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="59fe59fe-08"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop3: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop4: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop5: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop6: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="28E2-10EA" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="59fe59fe-01"
/dev/sda2: UUID="E9570E031D501733" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="59fe59fe-02"
/dev/sda3: UUID="dxcoPX-8ZER-Pblj-wznH-cNYs-GBsu-sl0yde" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="59fe59fe-03"
/dev/sda5: UUID="4hy6FJ-I3kp-MAGk-p5kW-TKiF-ZUV8-NucR68" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="59fe59fe-05"
/dev/sda6: UUID="4700795e-88f1-4089-80e0-cfa873357dba" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="59fe59fe-06"
/dev/sda7: UUID="f1ef528d-c356-4f6e-a1a2-9a9d712af70f" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="59fe59fe-07"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="nH4Ctd-nKbk-BiKr-VIRM-LeL5-LcOv-w8lm02" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="cf2bbeb4-01"
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvsdata: UUID="d217bfb0-219c-41fe-af9c-008b67396829" TYPE="ext4" #可以看到刚才挂载的逻辑卷 在这里
tools@zzd12tdl-test23:~/lvm2$ cat /etc/fstab # 查看/etc/fstab文件,可以看到最初挂载的几个分区在这里都有记录,我们需要将刚才挂载的逻辑卷添加进去
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
#
# / was on /dev/sda8 during installation
UUID=fdbc6367-9c37-4650-8deb-4372612cc8fc / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda6 during installation
UUID=4700795e-88f1-4089-80e0-cfa873357dba /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=28E2-10EA /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation
UUID=f1ef528d-c356-4f6e-a1a2-9a9d712af70f none swap sw 0 0
文件最后添加一句
UUID=d217bfb0-219c-41fe-af9c-008b67396829 /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 2
# UUID 填写需要挂载的逻辑卷的uuid , /mnt/data 是需要挂载的目录 , 类型为ext4 , 第一个数字0 表示开机不检查磁盘,第二个数字 0表示交换分区,1代表启动分区(Linux),2表示普通分区
至此 系统硬盘lvm和分区挂载完成,现在可以通过刚才挂载目录/mnt/data 访问绑定的硬盘。
后续需要扩展或者更换硬盘的话参考以下博文进行扩展
参考:https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-08/121117.htm
https://www.cnblogs.com/diantong/p/10554831.html
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35451572/article/details/79541106