iOS各种权限状态的获取及注意事项

前言

关于系统权限的获取，相信大家都不陌生，可是其中蕴含的知识确实不少。
怎样向用户索取权限是非常重要的。例如LBS类的应用，如果在索取权限时遭到用户的拒绝，那么该应用基本等同于无用了,更坏的是，点击“不允许”是很轻松的，而要撤销这个决定则不太容易，用户至少需要以下五步,一次性成功获取权限的重要性不言而喻，

---

关于这一点，好的设置可以概括为这样：

除非当前确实需要，否则不要向用户索取权限。
索取权限时要让用户明确的了解授权后的好处是什么。

权限分类

• 联网权限
• 相册权限
• 相机、麦克风权限
• 定位权限
• 推送权限
• 通讯录权限
• 日历、备忘录权限

联网权限

引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony;
应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, CTCellularDataRestrictedState) {
  kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown,//权限未知
  kCTCellularDataRestricted,//权限被关闭，
  kCTCellularDataNotRestricted//权限开启
};

  使用时需要注意的关键点：

  CTCellularData  只能检测蜂窝权限，不能检测WiFi权限。
    一个CTCellularData实例新建时，restrictedState是kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown，
  之后在cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier里会有一次回调，此时才能获取到正确的权限状态。
  当用户在设置里更改了app的权限时，cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier会收到回调，如果要停止监听，
  必须将cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier设置为nil。
  赋值给cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier的block并不会自动释放，
  即便你给一个局部变量的CTCellularData实例设置监听，当权限更改时，还是会收到回调，所以记得将block置nil。


CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier = ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state)
{ //获取联网状态 switch (state)
     {
       case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricrted"); break;     
       case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@"Not Restricted"); break; 
       //未知，第一次请求
       case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@"Unknown"); break; 
      default: break;
     };
 };

查询应用是否有联网功能

CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;     
switch (state) { 
  case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricrted"); break; 
  case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@"Not Restricted"); break;    
  case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@"Unknown"); break; default: break;
 }

注意：当应用被设置为不联网，使用的时候，系统会自动弹出警告“xxxx 已被关闭网络”点击可以去设置，自动跳转到设置中心里。
iOS10 国行机第一次安装App时会有一个权限弹框弹出，在允许之前是没有网络的，网上对于现状已有描述和解决方法：
（1）在引导页中诱导出网络权限弹框，这样就不会影响到之后应用的网络请求。
（2）允许用户手动重新请求。出现数据空白时，如果在空白页面上有“重新加载”的按钮。
（3) 允许用户手动重新请求。出现数据空白时，如果在空白页面上有“重新加载”的按钮。

相册权限--iOS 9.0之前

导入头文件@import AssetsLibrary;
检查是否有相册权限

ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus];
  switch (status) {
 case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; 
 case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break;
 case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break;
  case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
  }

相册权限--iOS 8.0之后

导入头文件@import Photos;
检查是否有相册权限

  PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
  switch (photoAuthorStatus) { 
  case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; 
  case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break;
  case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break;
  case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;}

获取相册权限

[PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) { 
if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) 
  { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
  else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
} }];

相机和麦克风权限

导入头文件@import AVFoundation;
检查是否有相机或麦克风权限

 AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限
AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限
switch (AVstatus) {
  //允许状态
  case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break;  
  //不允许状态，可以弹出一个alertview提示用户在隐私设置中开启权限 
  case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; 
  //未知，第一次申请权限
  case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; 
  //此应用程序没有被授权访问,可能是家长控制权限
  case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
  }

获取相机或麦克风权限

  [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:
  AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限 
  if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
  else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); }}];
  [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:
  AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted)
 {//麦克风权限
     if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
      else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
   }}];

定位权限

导入头文件@import CoreLocation;
由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；

配置文件

检查是否有定位权限

 BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
  if (!isLocation) { NSLog(@"not turn on the location");}
  CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
  switch (CLstatus) { 
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@"Always Authorized"); break; 
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse"); break; 
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; 
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
  }

获取定位权限

这里有一个细节要注意， CLLocationManager 实例必须是全局的变量，否则授权提示弹框会一闪而过，不会一直显示。

manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
manager.delegate= self;      
[manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
[manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息

在代理方法中查看权限是否改变

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status
{
 switch (status) { 
case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@"Always Authorized"); break;
case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse"); break; 
 case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied"); break; 
 case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
}}

推送权限

检查是否有通讯权限

 UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
 switch (settings.types) { 
 case UIUserNotificationTypeNone: NSLog(@"None"); break; 
 case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert: NSLog(@"Alert Notification"); break;     
 case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge: NSLog(@"Badge Notification"); break; 
 case UIUserNotificationTypeSound: NSLog(@"sound Notification'"); break; default: break;
}

获取推送权限

UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

通讯录权限

iOS9.0之前
导入头文件 @import AddressBook;
检查是否有通讯录权限

ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
switch (ABstatus) {
   case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break;       
    case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied'"); break;
    case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break;
    case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); break; default: break;
}

获取通讯录权限

ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
   if (granted)
   { NSLog(@"Authorized"); 
        CFRelease(addressBook); 
    }else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
    }});

  iOS9.0及以后
  导入头文件 **@import Contacts;**
  检查是否有通讯录权限

  CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts]; 
  switch (status) {
       case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: { NSLog(@"Authorized:"); } break; 
      case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{ NSLog(@"Denied"); } break; 
      case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{ NSLog(@"Restricted"); } break; 
      case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{ NSLog(@"NotDetermined"); } break; 
    }

 查询是否获取通讯录权限

  CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init]; [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
   if (granted) { NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
    else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); } 
  }];

日历、备忘录权限

导入头文件
检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限

 typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) { EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历     EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘 };

  EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
  switch (EKstatus) { 
      case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@"Authorized"); break; 
      case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@"Denied'"); break; 
      case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@"not Determined"); break; 
      case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@"Restricted"); 
      break;
     default: break;
   }

  查询是否获取日历或备忘录权限
EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
[store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
       if (granted) { 
            NSLog(@"Authorized"); }
        else{ NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted"); }
}];

链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/587f3384dbdd