Java实现Excel文件导入导出(三)
(一)读写Excel文件的几种常用方式
- POI
- JXL
- FESTEXCEL
1.POI简介
APache POI是Apache软件基金会开放源码函式库，POI提供API实现对Microsoft Office格式文档进行读写。HSS是Horrible SpreadSheet Format的缩写，翻译为“讨厌的电子表格格式格式”。通过HSSF可以使用纯Java代码来读取、写入、修改Excel文件。
- HSSF：读取Microsoft Excel格式文档
- XSSF：读取Microsoft Excel OOXML格式文档
- HWPF：读取Microsoft word格式文档
- HSLF:读取Microsoft PowerPoint格式文档
- HDGH:读取Microsoft Visio格式文档
3.JXL库简介
Java Excel是一个开源的源码项目，可以创建Excel文件，读取Excel中的内容，更新已经存在的Excel文件内容。
4.POI和JXL的区别
如图：
5.Excel表简介
如图：
（二）JXL的使用
解密JAVA实现Excel导入导出
1.使用JXL创建Excel文件
1.下载—jxl.jar包
2.项目结构目录：
3.创建Excel并写入数据
package com.wang;
import java.io.File;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
public class JxlExcel01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] title = { "编号", "姓名", "性别" };
// 1.创建Excel文件
File file = new File("D:\\test01.xls");
try {
file.createNewFile();
// 2.创建工作簿
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(file);
// 3.创建工作表
WritableSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("sheet01", 0);
Label label = null;
// 4.添加表头数据
for (int i = 0; i < title.length; i++) {
label = new Label(i, 0, title[i]);
sheet.addCell(label);
}
// 5.添加行数据
for (int i =1; i < 10; i++) {
label = new Label(0,i,""+i);
sheet.addCell(label);
label = new Label(1, i, "张三" + i);
sheet.addCell(label);
label = new Label(2, i, "男");
sheet.addCell(label);
}
//6.写入数据，关闭工作簿
workbook.write();
workbook.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4.读取Excel文件
package com.wang;
import java.io.File;
import jxl.Cell;
import jxl.Sheet;
import jxl.Workbook;
public class JXLReadExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1.创建工作簿
Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("D:\\test01.xls"));
// 2.通过索引获取工作表
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
// 3.获取工作表中的数据
for (int i = 0; i < sheet.getRows(); i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < sheet.getColumns(); j++) {
Cell cell = sheet.getCell(j, i);
System.out.print(cell.getContents() + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
// 4.关闭workbook对象
workbook.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
（三）POI的使用
1导入jar包：commons-io-2.2.jar、poi-3.11-20141221.jar
2.使用POI生成Excel文件
package com.wang;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
public class PoiEmportExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] title = { "编号", "姓名", "性别" };
// 1.创建工作簿对象
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 2.创建工作表对象
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
// 3.创建第一行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
HSSFCell cell = null;
// 4.添加标题栏
for (int i = 0; i < title.length; i++) {
cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellValue(title[i]);
}
// 5.向表格中插入数据
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
// 6.创建行对象
HSSFRow nextrow = sheet.createRow(i);
// 7.创建单元格对象
HSSFCell cell2 = nextrow.createCell(0);
cell2.setCellValue(""+i);
cell2 = nextrow.createCell(1);
cell2.setCellValue("张三" + i);
cell2 = nextrow.createCell(2);
cell2.setCellValue("男");
}
File f = new File("D:\\poi_test.xls");
try {
f.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream stream = FileUtils.openOutputStream(f);
workbook.write(stream);
workbook.close();
System.out.println("成生成Excel表格！");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3.读取Excel文件
package com.wang;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
public class PoiReadExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1.引入需要解析的文件
File f = new File("D:\\poi_test.xls");
try {
// 2.创建工作簿，读取文件数据
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(FileUtils.openInputStream(f));
// 3.获取工作表
// HSSFSheet sheet =workbook.getSheet("sheet0");
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
int lastRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();
for (int i = 0; i <= lastRowNum; i++) {
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
// 4.获取最后一个单元格的序列号
int lastCellNum = row.getLastCellNum();
for (int j = 0; j < lastCellNum; j++) {
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell(j);
// 5.表格中不同数据类型使用不同的方法
String value = cell.getStringCellValue();
System.out.print(value + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4.高版本excel文件的创建和读取
1.excel文件以.xls结尾属于：Microsoft Excel1997-2003
2.excel文件以.xlsx结尾属于：Microsoft Excel2007
3.因此不同版本的excel文件使用不同的方法读取
4.HSSFWorkbook改为XSSFWorkbook，HSSFSheet改为XSSFSheet
1.使用XSSFWorkbook和XSSFSheet需要导入jar包：
如图所示：
(四)导入模板定制
1.需要使用的jar包：
2.student.xml内容如下：
<excel id="student" code="student" name="学生信息导入">
<colgroup>
<col index="A" width='17em'>col>
<col index="B" width='17em'>col>
<col index="C" width='17em'>col>
<col index="D" width='17em'>col>
<col index="E" width='17em'>col>
<col index="F" width='17em'>col>
colgroup>
<title>
<tr height="16px">
<td rowspan="1" colspan="6" value="学生信息导入" />
tr>
title>
<thead>
<tr height="16px">
<th value="编号" />
<th value="姓名" />
<th value="年龄" />
<th value="性别" />
<th value="出生日期" />
<th value=" 爱好" />
tr>
thead>
<tbody>
<tr height="16px" firstrow="2" firstcol="0" repeat="5">
<td type="string" isnullable="false" maxlength="30" />
<td type="string" isnullable="false" maxlength="50" />
<td type="numeric" format="##0" isnullable="false" />
<td type="enum" format="男,女" isnullable="true" />
<td type="date" isnullable="false" maxlength="30" />
<td type="enum" format="足球,篮球,乒乓球" isnullable="true" />
tr>
tbody>
excel>3.生成excel模板
package com.wang;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.DVConstraint;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataFormat;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataValidation;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.jdom.Attribute;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
public class CreteTemplate {
/**
* 创建模板文件
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.获取解析xml文件路径
String path = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/bin/student2.xml";
File file = new File(path);
SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();
try {
//2.解析xml文件
Document parse = builder.build(file);
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet0");
//3.获取xml文件跟节点
Element root = parse.getRootElement();
//4.获取模板名称
String templateName = root.getAttribute("name").getValue();
int rownum = 0;
int column = 0;
//5.设置列宽
Element colgroup = root.getChild("colgroup");
setColumnWidth(sheet,colgroup);
//6.设置标题
Element title = root.getChild("title");
List trs = title.getChildren("tr");
for (int i = 0; i < trs.size(); i++) {
Element tr = trs.get(i);
List tds = tr.getChildren("td");
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
for(column = 0;column
Element td = tds.get(column);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
Attribute rowSpan = td.getAttribute("rowspan");
Attribute colSpan = td.getAttribute("colspan");
Attribute value = td.getAttribute("value");
if(value !=null){
String val = value.getValue();
cell.setCellValue(val);
int rspan = rowSpan.getIntValue() - 1;
int cspan = colSpan.getIntValue() -1;
//7.设置字体
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
font.setFontName("仿宋_GB2312");
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);//字体加粗
// font.setFontHeight((short)12);
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)12);
cellStyle.setFont(font);
cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
//8.合并单元格居中
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(rspan, rspan, 0, cspan));
}
}
rownum ++;
}
//9.设置表头
Element thead = root.getChild("thead");
trs = thead.getChildren("tr");
for (int i = 0; i < trs.size(); i++) {
Element tr = trs.get(i);
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
List ths = tr.getChildren("th");
for(column = 0;column < ths.size();column++){
Element th = ths.get(column);
Attribute valueAttr = th.getAttribute("value");
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
if(valueAttr != null){
String value =valueAttr.getValue();
cell.setCellValue(value);
}
}
rownum++;
}
//10.设置数据区域样式
Element tbody = root.getChild("tbody");
Element tr = tbody.getChild("tr");
int repeat = tr.getAttribute("repeat").getIntValue();
List tds = tr.getChildren("td");
for (int i = 0; i < repeat; i++) {
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
for(column =0 ;column < tds.size();column++){
Element td = tds.get(column);
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
setType(wb,cell,td);
}
rownum++;
}
//11.生成Excel导入模板
File tempFile = new File("D:/" + templateName + ".xls");
tempFile.delete();
tempFile.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream stream = FileUtils.openOutputStream(tempFile);
wb.write(stream);
stream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void setType(HSSFWorkbook wb, HSSFCell cell, Element td) {
Attribute typeAttr = td.getAttribute("type");
String type = typeAttr.getValue();
HSSFDataFormat format = wb.createDataFormat();
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
if("NUMERIC".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
Attribute formatAttr = td.getAttribute("format");
String formatValue = formatAttr.getValue();
formatValue = StringUtils.isNotBlank(formatValue)? formatValue : "#,##0.00";
cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat(formatValue));
}else if("STRING".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
cell.setCellValue("");
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("@"));
}else if("DATE".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("yyyy-m-d"));
}else if("ENUM".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
CellRangeAddressList regions =
new CellRangeAddressList(cell.getRowIndex(), cell.getRowIndex(),
cell.getColumnIndex(), cell.getColumnIndex());
Attribute enumAttr = td.getAttribute("format");
String enumValue = enumAttr.getValue();
//加载下拉列表内容
DVConstraint constraint =
DVConstraint.createExplicitListConstraint(enumValue.split(","));
//数据有效性对象
HSSFDataValidation dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
wb.getSheetAt(0).addValidationData(dataValidation);
}
cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
}
/**
* 设置列宽
* */
private static void setColumnWidth(HSSFSheet sheet, Element colgroup) {
List cols = colgroup.getChildren("col");
for (int i = 0; i < cols.size(); i++) {
Element col = cols.get(i);
Attribute width = col.getAttribute("width");
String unit = width.getValue().replaceAll("[0-9,\\.]", "");
String value = width.getValue().replaceAll(unit, "");
int v=0;
if(StringUtils.isBlank(unit) || "px".endsWith(unit)){
v = Math.round(Float.parseFloat(value) * 37F);
}else if ("em".endsWith(unit)){
v = Math.round(Float.parseFloat(value) * 267.5F);
}
sheet.setColumnWidth(i, v);
}
}
}