hadoop2.x之IO：MapReduce压缩

前面我们说到了hadoop的压缩，在Hadoop所运行的数据一般都是很大的，输入的数据很大，输出的数据也很大。因此我们有必要对map和Reduce的数据进行压缩存储。

如果我们想对Reduce进行压缩，有两种方法，一种是配置使用Configuration配置。另一种是还是用FileOutputFormat类对输出进行设置。

1. 对Reduce进行压缩（使用Configuration)

使用Configuration，我们需要将mapred.output.compress设置为true。设置mapred.output.compression.codec为我们想设置的codec的类名。例如：

Job程序：MaxTemperatureWithCompression.java

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;


public class MaxTemperatureWithCompression {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        if (args.length != 2) {
            System.err.println("Usage: MaxTemperature  
");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        // 重点是这两句
        conf.setBoolean("mapred.output.compress", true);
        conf.set("mapred.output.compression.codec", GzipCodec.class.getName());
        conf.set("mapred.jar", "MaxTemperature.jar");
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);

        job.setJarByClass(MaxTemperatureWithCompression.class);
        job.setJobName("Max temperature");

        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));

        job.setMapperClass(MaxTemperatureMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(MaxTemperatureReducer.class);

        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);

    }

}

Map程序:

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

public class MaxTemperatureMapper extends
        Mapper {
    private static final int MISSING = 9999;

    @Override
    public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context)
            throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        String line = value.toString();
        String year = line.substring(15, 23);
        int airTemperature;
        if (line.charAt(87) == '+') { // parseInt doesn't like leading plus
                                        // signs
            airTemperature = Integer.parseInt(line.substring(88, 92));
        } else {
            airTemperature = Integer.parseInt(line.substring(87, 92));
        }
        String quality = line.substring(92, 93);
        if (airTemperature != MISSING && quality.matches("[01459]")) {
            context.write(new Text(year), new IntWritable(airTemperature));
        }
    }
}

Reduce程序

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

public class MaxTemperatureReducer extends
        Reducer {
    @Override
    public void reduce(Text key, Iterable values, Context context)
            throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        int maxValue = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        for (IntWritable value : values) {
            maxValue = Math.max(maxValue, value.get());
        }
        context.write(key, new IntWritable(maxValue));
    }
}

编译打包运行…

[grid@tiny01 myclass]$ hadoop fs -ls /
Found 5 items
-rw-r--r--   1 grid supergroup      49252 2017-07-29 00:07 /data.txt
-rw-r--r--   1 grid supergroup 4848295796 2017-07-01 00:40 /input
drwx------   - grid supergroup          0 2017-07-01 00:42 /tmp
drwxr-xr-x   - grid supergroup          0 2017-07-01 00:42 /user
[grid@tiny01 myclass]$ hadoop jar MaxTemperature.jar MaxTemperatureWithCompression /data.txt /out
[grid@tiny01 myclass]$ hadoop fs -cat /out/part-r-00000.gz |gunzip
20160622        380
20160623        310

有关Reduce结果压缩的属性：

属性名称	类型	默认值	描述
mapred.output.compress	boolean	false	压缩输出
mapred.output.compression.codec	String	org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec	reduce输出所用的压缩codec
mapred.output.compression	String	RECORD	SqeuenceFile的输出可以使用的压缩类型：NONE,RECORD,BLOCK

2. 对Reduce进行压缩（使用FileOutputFormat)
我们只修改Job类：

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

public class MaxTemperatureWithCompression2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        if (args.length != 2) {
            System.err.println("Usage: MaxTemperature  
");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        conf.set("mapred.jar", "MaxTemperature2.jar");
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);

        job.setJarByClass(MaxTemperatureWithCompression2.class);
        job.setJobName("Max temperature");

        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
        // 添加这两句
        FileOutputFormat.setCompressOutput(job, true);
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputCompressorClass(job, GzipCodec.class);

        job.setMapperClass(MaxTemperatureMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(MaxTemperatureReducer.class);

        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);

    }

}

运行：

 [grid@tiny01 myclass]$ hadoop jar MaxTemperature2.jar MaxTemperatureWithCompression2 /data.txt /out2
[grid@tiny01 myclass]$ hadoop fs -cat /out2/part-r-00000.gz |gunzip
20160622        380
20160623        310

是一样的.

3.对map任务进行压缩

因为map和reduce往往在不同的节点上，因此需要网络传输。如果map任务的输出使用一些能够快速压缩的算法，例如LZO,LZ4等就会使Hadoop的性能提升。map任务的压缩属性：

属性名称	类型	默认值	描述
mapred.compress.map.output	boolean	false	对map任务输出进行压缩
mapred.map.output.compression.codec	String	org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec	map输出压缩所用的codec

我们还可以使用另一种方式，使用JobConf(Configuration的子类)对象设置相关9配置：

JobConf conf = new JobConf();
conf.setCompressMapOutput(true);
conf.setMapOutputCompressorClass(GzipCodec.class)
conf.set("mapred.jar", "classname.jar");
Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);

4.参考资料
[1] Hadoop:The Definitive Guide,Third Edition, by Tom White. Copyright 2013 Tom White,978-1-449-31152-0