ASP.NET Core ApiVersioning 版本控制

1、管理 NuGet 程序包
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning                          【注意版本号：4.0.0-preview8.19405.7】
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning.ApiExplorer     【注意版本号：4.0.0-preview8.19405.7】


如果版本安装错了，运行程序会报错，未经处理的异常


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2、Startup.cs（ConfigureServices）

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddControllers(options =>
    {
        options.UseCentralRoutePrefix(new RouteAttribute("api/v1/[controller]"));
    });

    services.AddApiVersioning(options =>
    {
        options.ReportApiVersions = true; //可选配置，设置为true时，header返回版本信息
        options.ApiVersionReader = new HeaderApiVersionReader("api-version");//HTTP Header报头传递
        options.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true;//是否启用未指明版本API，指向默认版本
        options.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0);
    })
    .AddVersionedApiExplorer(option =>
    {
        option.GroupNameFormat = "'v'VVVV";//api组名格式
        option.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true;//是否提供API版本服务
    });

    services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
    {
        c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "My API", Version = "v1" });
    });
}

3、Startup.cs（Configure）

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
    {
        endpoints.MapControllers();
    });

    app.UseApiVersioning();
}

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4、***Controller.cs
使用 ApiVersion 定义要支持 API 版本控制的控制器(controller)（多个版本）,使用 MapToApiVersion 定义特定 Action 版本号
请求样式1：https://localhost:44382/api/v3/Default

[ApiVersion("3.0")]
[ApiController]
[Route("api/v{version:apiVersion}/[controller]")]
public class DefaultController : ControllerBase
{
    private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
    };

    [HttpGet]
    public IEnumerable Get()
    {
        var rng = new Random();
        return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
        {
            Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
            TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
            Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]
        })
        .ToArray();
    }
}

请求样式2：https://localhost:44382/api/Default?api-version=3.0

[ApiVersion("3.0")]
[ApiVersion("2.0")]
[ApiVersion("1.0")]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class DefaultController : ControllerBase
{
    private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
    };

    [HttpGet]
    public IEnumerable Get()
    {
        var rng = new Random();
        return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
        {
            Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
            TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
            Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]
        })
        .ToArray();
    }

    [MapToApiVersion("7.0")]
    [MapToApiVersion("6.0")]
    [MapToApiVersion("5.0")]
    [HttpGet]
    public IEnumerable Get()
    {
        var rng = new Random();
        return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
        {
            Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
            TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
            Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]
        })
        .ToArray();
    }

    [ApiVersionNeutral]
    [HttpGet("{id}")]
    public IEnumerable Get(int id)
    {
        var rng = new Random();
        return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
        {
            Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
            TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
            Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]
        })
        .ToArray();
    }
}

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5、在 URL 中追加 api-version=2
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6、通过HTTP Headers来实现版本控制
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7、参数特性
ApiVersionNeutral：不指定Api版本号；随便访问；
MapToApiVersion：支持多个版本的单控制器；
Deprecated：弃用，废弃；标记过时的Api为弃用状态；用Deprecated修饰控制器；仍然可以调用该版本，只是一种让 调用API 用户意识到以下版本在将来会被弃用。
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