ubuntu18.04 64搭建FTP服务器心得
环境：Ubuntu18.04 64位操作系统
ftp软件：vsftp
第一章 介绍
- ftp有匿名登录和账号登录两种模式，这里我推荐使用账号密码登录比较安全，因为可定制每个用户可访问的文件区域。
-
新建系统账号
mkdir /home/myftp 这个用作账户的主目录
chmod 777 -R /home/myftp 更改目录权限， 因为要用终端作为第三者从该目录上传下载东西
useradd -d /home/myftp/ syx 添加一个用户syx 并指定其主目录为/home/myftp
passwd syx 为新创建的syx账号设置密码，直接输入两次（密码不会显示出来）
usermod -s /sbin/nologin syx 将syx账号指定为没有操作系统登录权限、仅仅是个账户用于登录软件而已。
第二章 FTP服务器搭建
- 安装vsftp服务器
apt install vsftpd
安装完后顺便检测下FTP服务器是否已启动：
netstat -nltp | grep 21 有结果显示那就代表启动了
- 配置该服务器
vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
只要配置这个文件就行，网上其余教程说有好几个文件需要配置，非常复杂还容易出错。
话不多说，直接贴上配置文件的所有内容，需要修改的地方我会在文件中标出来，跟我一致保准没问题。如果有朋友不想配置，可直接下载vsftpd.conf文件，记得删除该文件最后几行话，保留到utf8下一行即可。
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO 不允许匿名登录
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES 允许本地用户登录
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES 允许写
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES 激活xferlog日志
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES 打开20端口
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log xferlog日志的保存路径，默认即可
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES 使用标准格式的日志
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to syx FTP service. 连接成功后出现的欢迎标题
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES 限制本地用户只能访问他们自己的主目录
chroot_list_enable=YES 打开用户列表功能
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 设置用户列表的文件路径，这个文件后面会讲怎么填写
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=ftp Ubuntu系统记得设置为ftp，默认是vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES 打开就行
- 创建vsftpd.chroot_list文件
vi /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
填写内容很简单，只要将账号用户名填进去就行，比如
syx
syx2
等等，每个ftp账号依次写在该文件每一行即可。
- 重启ftp服务器
service vsftpd restart
第三章 连接FTP服务器
- 使用FileZilla软件下载
下载软件后，直接填写服务器地址，用户名，密码点击快速连接就行了。
记得配置编辑-设置-FTP选项中选择为主动模式就行。 - windows CMD工具连接
这个使用ftp ip即可
ftp最常用的就是put和get命令用来上传和下载文件。
===================================================
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如果你有强迫症，可以参考这位博主centos的证书搭建过程
。
结果图：
注意如果是阿里云服务器，还要记得在阿里云控制台安全组里打开20和21号端口。
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