Android Gradle详解
1. 单个项目设置代理
在项目的根目录下的gradle.properties文件中添加
systemProp.http.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
# 代理软件端口
systemProp.http.proxyPort=1080
systemProp.https.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
# 代理软件端口
systemProp.https.proxyPort=1080
2. 全局代理设置
在C:\Users\Administrator\(其中Administrator是用户名)下, 新建gradle.properties文件，往里面添加如下内容.
systemProp.http.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
# 代理软件端口
systemProp.http.proxyPort=1080
systemProp.https.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
# 代理软件端口
systemProp.https.proxyPort=1080
3. 签名文件配置
1). 在主module根目录下的新建signing.properties文件
KEYSTORE_FILE=你的keystore文件位置
KEYSTORE_PASSWORD= 你的keystore文件密码
KEY_ALIAS= 你的keystore文件用到的别名
KEY_PASSWORD= 你的keystore文件用到的别名的密码
2). build.gradle加载
//加载签名配置的文件
Properties props = new Properties()props.load(new
FileInputStream(file("signing.properties")))
android {
signingConfigs {
release{
//设置release的签名信息
keyAlias props['KEY_ALIAS']
keyPassword props['KEY_PASSWORD']
storeFile file(props['KEYSTORE_FILE'])
storePassword props['KEYSTORE_PASSWORD']
}
}
...
buildTypes {
debug {
...
signingConfig signingConfigs.release
}
...
release {
...
signingConfig signingConfigs.release
}
}
}
4. 多渠道打包
1). 配置AndroidManifest.xml
2). build.gradle文件中的设置
productFlavors {
wandoujia {
manifestPlaceholders = [UMENG_CHANNEL_VALUE: "wandoujia"]
}
xiaomi {
manifestPlaceholders = [UMENG_CHANNEL_VALUE: "xiaomi"]
}
qq {
manifestPlaceholders = [UMENG_CHANNEL_VALUE: "qq"]
}
360 {
manifestPlaceholders = [UMENG_CHANNEL_VALUE: "360"]
}
}
简便写法：
android {
...
buildTypes {
debug {
...
}
...
release {
...
productFlavors {
wandoujia{}
xiaomi{}
qq{}
360 {}
}
productFlavors.all { flavor -> flavor.manifestPlaceholders = [UMENG_CHANNEL_VALUE: name]
}
}
}
3). 一次生成所有渠道包
gradle assembleRelease
4). 修改导出包的文件目录和apk名称
ext {
out_put_file = "G:\\test"
}
// 定义一个打包时间
def releaseTime() {
return new Date().format("yyyyMMdd", TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"))
}
android {
...
buildTypes {
debug {
...
}
...
release {
...
applicationVariants.all {
variant -> variant.outputs.each { output ->
def outputFile = output.outputFile
if (null != outputFile && outputFile.name.endsWith('.apk')) {
// 输出apk名称为debug_v1.0.0_2018_03_21.apk
def isDebug = outputFile.name.split('.apk')[0].toString().split('-')[1]
def fileName = "${isDebug}_v${defaultConfig.versionName}_${releaseTime()}.apk"
// 控制输出APK的存放路径
if (!"".equals(out_put_file)) {
File output_dir = file(out_put_file)
output.outputFile = new File(output_dir, fileName)
println "输出文件位置：" + output.outputFile
} else {
output.outputFile = new File(outputFile.parent, fileName)
println "输出文件位置：" + output.outputFile
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
5. 多工程全局配置
1). 在project的根目录下的build.gradle定义ext全局变量
ext {
compileSdkVersion = 22
buildToolsVersion = "23.0.1"
minSdkVersion = 10
targetSdkVersion = 22
versionCode = 34
versionName = "v2.6.1"
}
2). 在各module的build.gradle中引用
android {
compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.xxx.xxx"
minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.minSdkVersion
targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion
versionCode rootProject.ext.versionCode
versionName rootProject.ext.versionName
}
}
6. 混淆代码
//混淆编译
minifyEnabled true
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
7. 当前的编译时间、编译的机器、最新的commit版本添加到apk
android {
defaultConfig {
resValue "string", "build_time", buildTime()
resValue "string", "build_host", hostName()
resValue "string", "build_revision", revision()
}
}
def buildTime() {
return new Date().format("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
}
def hostName() {
return System.getProperty("user.name") + "@" + InetAddress.localHost.hostName
}
def revision() {
def code = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
exec {
commandLine 'git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'
standardOutput = code
}
return code.toString()
}
8. buildConfigField自定义配置
buildTypes {
debug {
buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_DEBUG", "true"//是否输出LOG信息
buildConfigField "String", "API_HOST", "\"http://api.test.com\""//API Host
}
}
9. dex突破65535的限制
1). 在defaultConfig节点使能多DEX功能
2). 引入multidex库文件
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
}
3). 继承MultiDexApplication
10. Task任务
1). 获取全部任务
gradlew tasks -q
其中-q表示忽略gradle本身的log信息，加上这个参数可以屏蔽很多无关的输出，不加也不会影响执行。执行后显示如下：
F:\test\GradleTest>gradlew tasks -q
------------------------------------------------------------
All tasks runnable from root project
------------------------------------------------------------
Android tasks
-------------
androidDependencies - Displays the Android dependencies of the project.
signingReport - Displays the signing info for each variant.
sourceSets - Prints out all the source sets defined in this project.
Build tasks
-----------
assemble - Assembles all variants of all applications and secondary packages.
assembleAndroidTest - Assembles all the Test applications.
assembleDebug - Assembles all Debug builds.
assembleRelease - Assembles all Release builds.
build - Assembles and tests this project.
buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it.
buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on.
clean - Deletes the build directory.
compileDebugAndroidTestSources
compileDebugSources
compileDebugUnitTestSources
compileReleaseSources
compileReleaseUnitTestSources
mockableAndroidJar - Creates a version of android.jar that's suitable for unit tests.
Build Setup tasks
-----------------
init - Initializes a new Gradle build. [incubating]
wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files. [incubating]
Help tasks
----------
buildEnvironment - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in root project 'GradleTest'.
components - Displays the components produced by root project 'GradleTest'. [incubating]
dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'GradleTest'.
dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'GradleTest'.
help - Displays a help message.
model - Displays the configuration model of root project 'GradleTest'. [incubating]
projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'GradleTest'.
properties - Displays the properties of root project 'GradleTest'.
tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'GradleTest' (some of the displayed tasks may belong to subprojects).
Install tasks
-------------
installDebug - Installs the Debug build.
installDebugAndroidTest - Installs the android (on device) tests for the Debug build.
uninstallAll - Uninstall all applications.
uninstallDebug - Uninstalls the Debug build.
uninstallDebugAndroidTest - Uninstalls the android (on device) tests for the Debug build.
uninstallRelease - Uninstalls the Release build.
Verification tasks
------------------
check - Runs all checks.
connectedAndroidTest - Installs and runs instrumentation tests for all flavors on connected devices.
connectedCheck - Runs all device checks on currently connected devices.
connectedDebugAndroidTest - Installs and runs the tests for debug on connected devices.
deviceAndroidTest - Installs and runs instrumentation tests using all Device Providers.
deviceCheck - Runs all device checks using Device Providers and Test Servers.
lint - Runs lint on all variants.
lintDebug - Runs lint on the Debug build.
lintRelease - Runs lint on the Release build.
test - Run unit tests for all variants.
testDebugUnitTest - Run unit tests for the debug build.
testReleaseUnitTest - Run unit tests for the release build.
Other tasks
-----------
clean
extractProguardFiles
jarDebugClasses
jarReleaseClasses
transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForDebugUnitTest
transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForReleaseUnitTest
To see all tasks and more detail, run gradlew tasks --all
2). 创建任务
// 定义任务
task hello
// 附带的动作--最后一个
hello.doLast {
println("hello doLast")
}
// 附带的动作--第一个
hello.doFirst {
println("hello doFirst")
}
添加的位置在Other tasks任务中会出现
task.png
3). 执行任务
gradlew hello -q
结果：
hello task.png
4). 依赖
// 定义任务
task hello
// 附带的动作--最后一个
hello.doLast {
println("hello doLast")
}
// 附带的动作--第一个
hello.doFirst {
println("hello doFirst")
}
// 依赖
task world(dependsOn: "hello") << {
println("world")
}
执行结果:
world task.png
其中：
task xxx << {
}
这样的语法等价于
task xxx
xxx.dolast {
}
11. 查看包依赖关系
gradlew.bat :app:dependencies --configuration compile