SpringCloud: 服务消费者(Feign)

上一篇文章,讲述了如何通过RestTemplate+Ribbon去消费服务,这篇文章主要讲述如何通过Feign去消费服务。

Feign简介

Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端,它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign,只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性,可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon,并和Eureka结合,默认实现了负载均衡的效果。

简而言之:
Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
Feign 整合了ribbon

准备工作

继续用上一节的工程, 启动eureka-server,端口为8761; 启动service-hi 两次,端口分别为8762 、8773.

创建一个feign的服务

新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为serice-feign,在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.eastedgroupId>
    <artifactId>comartifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
    <packaging>jarpackaging>

    <name>comname>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
        <version>1.5.6.RELEASEversion>
        <relativePath/> 
    parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR3spring-cloud.version>
    properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eurekaartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feignartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}version>
                <type>pomtype>
                <scope>importscope>
            dependency>
        dependencies>
    dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
            plugin>
        plugins>
    build>


project>

在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名为service-feign,端口号为8765,服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,代码如下:

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8765
spring:
  application:
    name: service-feign

在程序的启动类ServiceFeignApplication ,加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能:

@EnableDiscoveryClient//向服务中心注册
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients //开启Feign
public class FeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
    }
}

定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,代码如下:

package cn.easted.com;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

/**
 * @ClassName:SchedualServiceHi
 * @author:Wh
 * @date: 2017年8月31日 上午9:02:21
 */
@FeignClient(value = "service-hi")
public interface SchedualServiceHi {

     @RequestMapping(value = "/hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
     String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个”/hi”的API接口,通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下:

@RestController
public class HiController {

    @Autowired
    SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
        return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
    }
}

启动程序,多次访问http://localhost:8765/hi?name=wh,浏览器交替显示:

 hi wh,i am from port:8762
 hi wh,i am from port:8763

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