Netty源码阅读之解码器简析

通过网络传输过来的数据,需要通过netty中的解码器进行处理,其中抽象类ByteToMessageDecoder中定义了相应的处理方法。

不妨先来围观下该类的继承关系:

Netty源码阅读之解码器简析_第1张图片

由上图可以明白,该类实现了ChannelHandler这个接口,所以,说到底,解码器就是一个特殊的handler而已。

查看channelRead()方法:

public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        if (msg instanceof ByteBuf) {   //查看是否是ByteBuf类型的数据
            CodecOutputList out = CodecOutputList.newInstance();
            try {
                ByteBuf data = (ByteBuf) msg;
                first = cumulation == null;
                if (first) {
                    cumulation = data;//第一次进来,初始化累加器
                } else {
                    cumulation = cumulator.cumulate(ctx.alloc(), cumulation, data);//对累加器进行累加操作
                }
               
                callDecode(ctx, cumulation, out);//调用子类进行解码操作
            } catch (DecoderException e) {
                throw e;
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                throw new DecoderException(t);
            } finally {
                if (cumulation != null && !cumulation.isReadable()) {
                    numReads = 0;
                    cumulation.release();
                    cumulation = null;
                } else if (++ numReads >= discardAfterReads) {
                    // We did enough reads already try to discard some bytes so we not risk to see a OOME.
                    // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4275
                    numReads = 0;
                    discardSomeReadBytes();
                }

                int size = out.size();
                decodeWasNull = !out.insertSinceRecycled();
                fireChannelRead(ctx, out, size);//向后传播channelRead事件
                out.recycle();
            }
        } else {
            ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
        }
    }

那么,通过上边的源码我们不难总结出解码的步骤:

1.累加字节流,也即想对ByteBuf进行写入等操作

2.调用子类的解码逻辑

3.将解码后的数据(ByteBuf)向后传播,提交给下一个步骤进行业务处理。

这里主要分析一下累加器的逻辑:

public static final ByteToMessageDecoder.Cumulator MERGE_CUMULATOR = new ByteToMessageDecoder.Cumulator() {
        public ByteBuf cumulate(ByteBufAllocator alloc, ByteBuf cumulation, ByteBuf in) {
            ByteBuf buffer;
            if (cumulation.writerIndex() <= cumulation.maxCapacity() - in.readableBytes() && cumulation.refCnt() <= 1) {
                buffer = cumulation;
            } else {
                buffer = ByteToMessageDecoder.expandCumulation(alloc, cumulation, in.readableBytes());//进行扩容操作
            }

            buffer.writeBytes(in);//向原有的缓存中添加数据
            in.release();//释放新添加的资源
            return buffer;
        }
    };

Netty中预置了一些丰富的解码器,这里简单介绍下:

1.LineBasedFrameDecoder解码器

     遇到\n或者\r\n将当前的数据段当做一个完整报文。

2.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder解码器

     以特定的结束符号作为消息结束的标志,分隔符号可以自己指定。

3.FixedLengthFrameDecoder 解码器

     使用固定的长度进行解码,使用的时候并不需要考虑TCP的黏包/拆包问题。

4.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder 解码器

     将报文分为报文头/报文体,根据报文中的LENGTH字段确定报文的长度。

对比前面三种解码器这个解码器略显复杂,

    Netty源码阅读之解码器简析_第2张图片

 

其中,maxFrameLength为发送的数据帧最大长度;lengthFieldOffset为长度区域初始下标;lengthFieldLength用于描述长度区域的长度;lengthAdjustment 为(发送字节的长度-长度域的大小);initialBytesToStrip为接收的数据发送包去除前initialBytesToStrip位;

failFast 默认值为true,读取到长度域超过maxFrameLength,就抛出一个 TooLongFrameException,当设置为false时,只有真正读取完长度域的字节之后,才会抛出 TooLongFrameException,默认情况下设置为true;

ByteOrder表示数据存储采用大端模式或者小端模式;

 

不妨通过官方给出的几个例子来做下简要说明:

ex1:

* lengthFieldOffset = 0
* lengthFieldLength = 2
* lengthAdjustment  = 0
* initialBytesToStrip = 0

* 解码前 (14 bytes)                 解码后 (14 bytes)
* +--------+----------------+      +--------+----------------+
* | Length | Actual Content |----->| Length | Actual Content |
* | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |
* +--------+----------------+      +--------+----------------+

ex2:

* lengthFieldOffset   = 0
* lengthFieldLength   = 2
* lengthAdjustment    = 0
* initialBytesToStrip = 2 

* 解码前 (14 bytes)                 解码后 (12 bytes)
* +--------+----------------+      +----------------+
* | Length | Actual Content |----->| Actual Content |
* | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | "HELLO, WORLD" |
* +--------+----------------+      +----------------+

ex3:

* lengthFieldOffset   =  0
* lengthFieldLength   =  2
* lengthAdjustment    = -2 (= the length of the Length field)
* initialBytesToStrip =  0

* 解码前 (14 bytes)                 解码后 (14 bytes)
* +--------+----------------+      +--------+----------------+
* | Length | Actual Content |----->| Length | Actual Content |
* | 0x000E | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | 0x000E | "HELLO, WORLD" |
* +--------+----------------+      +--------+----------------+

ex4:

* lengthFieldOffset   = 2 
* lengthFieldLength   = 3
* lengthAdjustment    = 0
* initialBytesToStrip = 0

* 解码前 (17 bytes)                              解码后 (17 bytes)
* +----------+----------+----------------+      +----------+----------+----------------+
* | Header 1 |  Length  | Actual Content |----->| Header 1 |  Length  | Actual Content |
* |  0xCAFE  | 0x00000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |      |  0xCAFE  | 0x00000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |
* +----------+----------+----------------+      +----------+----------+----------------+

ex5:

* lengthFieldOffset   = 0
* lengthFieldLength   = 3
* lengthAdjustment    = 2 (= the length of Header 1)
* initialBytesToStrip = 0

* 解码前 (17 bytes)                              解码后 (17 bytes)
* +----------+----------+----------------+      +----------+----------+----------------+
* |  Length  | Header 1 | Actual Content |----->|  Length  | Header 1 | Actual Content |
* | 0x00000C |  0xCAFE  | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | 0x00000C |  0xCAFE  | "HELLO, WORLD" |
* +----------+----------+----------------+      +----------+----------+----------------+

ex6:

* lengthFieldOffset   = 1 (= the length of HDR1)
* lengthFieldLength   = 2
* lengthAdjustment    = 1 (= the length of HDR2)
* initialBytesToStrip = 3 (= the length of HDR1 + LEN)


* 解码前 (16 bytes)                               解码后 (13 bytes)
* +------+--------+------+----------------+      +------+----------------+
* | HDR1 | Length | HDR2 | Actual Content |----->| HDR2 | Actual Content |
* | 0xCA | 0x000C | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" |      | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" |
* +------+--------+------+----------------+      +------+----------------+

相信通过以上的几个例子,相信读者能够大致了解LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder 这个解码器的使用方法了。

注:参考内容

Netty黏包以及拆包相关资料:

什么是 TCP 拆、粘包?如何解决?
 

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