rac环境到单实例环境的dg配置--duplicate方式

创建物理备库
1、
修改tnsnames.ora
RAC环境中可以使用vip传送

主库

pridb =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.101)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = PROD)
    )
  )
stdb =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.11)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = STPROD)---静态监听的全局名
    )
)

备库
pridb =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = PROD)
    )
  )
stdb =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = STPROD)
    )
)

2、主库修改参数


在主节点上修改spfile
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(PROD,STPROD)' scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set fal_server='STDB' scope=spfile sid='*';--TSN
alter system set fal_client='PRIDB' scope=spfile sid='*';--TNS
alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=use_db_recovery_file_dest valid_for=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=PROD mandatory verify' scope=both sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=STDB LGWR async valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=STPROD'  scope=both sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE' scope=both sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE' scope=both sid='*';
alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/','+DATA/prod/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/','+DATA/prod/tempfile/' scope=spfile;---先对方后自己
alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/' scope=spfile;
开启强制日
alter database force logging;
创建参数文件
create pfile='/home/oracle/initSDPROD'  from spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PRIDB LGWR async valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=PROD'  scope=both sid='*';

备库也需要参数转化所有的密码文件必须一致
tempfile也需要
alter system set db_file_name_convert='+DATA/prod/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/','+DATA/prod/tempfile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/' scope=spfile;---先对方后自己
alter system set log_file_name_convert='+DATA/prod/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/'' scope=spfile;
3、创建adump目录和备份集存放目录和数据文件存放目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/STPROD/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

创建备库控制文件
ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS '/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/dbs/control.ctl'

启动到

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
 (SID_LIST =     
  (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = STPROD)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
     (SID_NAME = STPROD)---必须和密码文件的sid相同
   )
 )
把密码文件传送到备库，参数文件传到备库并修改
启动到mount状态下

rman target sys/oracle@PRIDB auxiliary sys/oracle@STDB
duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;
duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;--需要创建standy log
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
查看主备状态
select  name,PROTECTION_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE  ,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  from v$database;
select NAME,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;
--查看进程，看有没有LNS进程，如果没有
select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;
select dest_name,status,target,archiver,error,process from v$archive_dest;

select name,value,datum_time from v$dataguard_stats;

必须有多线程的日志-密码文件必须一致

单实例standby：
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 11('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/standby_redo05.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 12('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/standby_redo06.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/standby_redo07.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 14('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/standby_redo08.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 15('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/standby_redo09.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 16('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/standby_redo10.log') size 50m;

alter database drop standby logfile group 8('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/standby_redo08.log') size 50m;

primary rac下：
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50M,group 6 size 50M ,group 7 size 50M ;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50M,group 9 size 50M ,group 10 size 50M ;

 THREAD#
 SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,BYTES/1024/1024 M FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
 SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,STATUS,BYTES/1024/1024 M FROM V$LOG;

 DATA Guard在最大保护和最高可用性模式下，Standby数据库必须配置 Standby Redo Log

备库创建并配置 Standby Redo Log 是为了能够接收到主库传过来的日志，用作恢复.

主库创建并配置 Standby Redo Log 是为了在主备切换之后，能够接收到原备库（切换之后的主库）传过来的日志

注意：为了主备切换后能正常，主备库都必须创建standby redo log


创建原则：建议Standby Redologs日志组数量基于Primary数据库的线程数来确定（这里的线程数可以理解为RAC环境中的节点数）。

有一个推荐的公式可供参考：（每线程的日志组数+1）×最大线程数。

nx+1


使用这个公式可以降低Primary数据库实例LGWR进程锁住的可能性。

创建原则和单实例一样，大小相等，但是日志组数量要比primary数据库多一组，比如在我的环境中，有2个节点，每个节点有4组redo，那么现在要创建的standby redo log组数为：（4+1）*2=10个

Standby Redologs的操作方式与Online Redologs几乎一模一样，只不过在创建或删除时需要多指定一个Standby关键字

备库配置监听
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
 (SID_LIST =
  (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = STPROD)---数据库服务名
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
     (SID_NAME = STPTOD)--数据库sid名字
   )
 )
需要修改的参数是：
audit_file_dest
control_files
db_file_name_convert
db_unique_name
fal_client
fal_server
log_archive_config
log_archive_dest_1
log_archive_dest_2
log_archive_dest_3
log_file_name_convert

需要修改

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/temp01.dbf' size 10M autoextend off;
alter database tempfile '+DATA' drop;

常见错误
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/stprod/STPROD/trace/STPROD_dbw0_2593.trc:
ORA-01186: file 201 failed verification tests
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 201: '+DATA'
File 201 not verified due to error ORA-01157

重建后删除

DROP TABLESPACE TEMP INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
alter tablespace TEMP add TEMPFILE  '+DATA' size 32G AUTOEXTEND OFF;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP1 TEMPFILE '+DATA' SIZE 10M AUTOEXTEND OFF;
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp1;

alter tablespace TEMP1 add TEMPFILE  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STPROD/temp01.dbf' size 10M AUTOEXTEND OFF;





select NAME,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;
select dest_name,status,target,archiver,error,process from v$archive_dest;
select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;
select * from v$archive_gap;
select name,value,datum_time from v$dataguard_stats;

正常主备切换
查看主库状态
select NAME,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;
主库切为备库

alter database commit to switchover to standby;


查看备库状态

select NAME,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;

NAME      OPEN_MODE            PROTECTION_MODE      DATABASE_ROLE
--------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------------
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
PROD      READ ONLY WITH APPLY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  PHYSICAL STANDBY
TO PRIMAR

备库切主库

alter database commit to switchover to primary;


新备库启动到mount状态应用日志
startup nomount;
应用日志
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;


alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

alter database open;

查看新主库状态

NAME      OPEN_MODE            PROTECTION_MODE      DATABASE_ROLE
--------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------------
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
PROD      READ WRITE           MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  PRIMARY
SESSIONS ACTIVE

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