服务器性能测试

最近看了coolshell 上面一篇文章,《性能测试应该怎么做?》
原文链接如下:

http://coolshell.cn/articles/17381.html?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0

里面提到三个观点

  1. 平均值不靠谱,而是应该使用百分比分布来统计
  2. 响应时间(latency)要和吞吐量(Thoughput)挂钩
  3. 响应时间要和成功率挂钩

以及严谨测试服务器性能的方法,摘抄如下:

如何严谨地做性能测试

一般来说,性能测试要统一考虑这么几个因素:Thoughput吞吐量,Latency响应时间,资源利用(CPU/MEM/IO/Bandwidth…),成功率,系统稳定性

下面的这些性能测试的方式基本上来源自我的老老东家汤森路透,一家做real-time的金融数据系统的公司。

一,你得定义一个系统的响应时间latency,建议是TP99,以及成功率。比如路透的定义:99.9%的响应时间必需在1ms之内,平均响应时间在1ms以内,100%的请求成功。

二,在这个响应时间的限制下,找到最高的吞吐量。测试用的数据,需要有大中小各种尺寸的数据,并可以混合。最好使用生产线上的测试数据。

三,在这个吞吐量做Soak Test,比如:使用第二步测试得到的吞吐量连续7天的不间断的压测系统。然后收集CPU,内存,硬盘/网络IO,等指标,查看系统是否稳定,比如,CPU是平稳的,内存使用也是平稳的。那么,这个值就是系统的性能

四,找到系统的极限值。比如:在成功率100%的情况下(不考虑响应时间的长短),系统能坚持10分钟的吞吐量

五,做Burst Test。用第二步得到的吞吐量执行5分钟,然后在第四步得到的极限值执行1分钟,再回到第二步的吞吐量执行5钟,再到第四步的权限值执行1分钟,如此往复个一段时间,比如2天。收集系统数据:CPU、内存、硬盘/网络IO等,观察他们的曲线,以及相应的响应时间,确保系统是稳定的。

六、低吞吐量和网络小包的测。有时候,在低吞吐量的时候,可能会导致latency上升,比如TCP_NODELAY的参数没有开启会导致latency上升(详见TCP的那些事),而网络小包会导致带宽用不满也会导致性能上不去,所以,性能测试还需要根据实际情况有选择的测试一下这两场景。

近期正好在做thrift 服务器相关latency性能的测试的工作。
于是按照测试方法, 写了简单的demo_client 和 demo_server 来测试相应的latency, 测出每次query 响应的latency 做成一个直方图histogram 来统计 latency 的百分比份额 :

我写的histogram如下:

//histogram.h

#ifndef COMMON_ALGORITHM_HISTOGRAM_H_
#define COMMON_ALGORITHM_HISTOGRAM_H_


#include 
#include 

namespace common{
namespace algorithm{
  class Histogram{
  public:
     Histogram(float _bucketwildth, int32_t _bucketnums);
     void AddData(float latency);
     void ShowHistogram();
     std::vectorGetDataVector();
     int32_t GetDataNums();
  private:
     std::vectorbucket;
     float bucketwidth;
     int32_t bucketnums; 
     int32_t datanums;
};
}
}
using common::algorithm::Histogram;
#endif

//histogram.cc

  #include "common/algorithm/histogram.h"
  #include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp"
  #include 
  namespace common{
  namespace algorithm{

 Histogram::Histogram(float _bucketwidth, int32_t _bucketnums){
        bucketwidth = _bucketwidth;
        bucketnums = _bucketnums;
        bucket.resize(bucketnums+1,0);
}

void Histogram::AddData(float latency){
    bucket[static_cast(latency/bucketwidth)]++;
    datanums++;
}

int32_t Histogram::GetDataNums(){
   return datanums;
}

void Histogram::ShowHistogram(){
       printf("Range  DataNums  Percentage \n\n");
    for(int32_t i=0;i< bucket.size();++i){
       printf("%.3f -- %.3f : ", bucketwidth*i , bucketwidth*(i+1 ));    
       printf("%d ", bucket[i]); 
       printf("%.3f%\n", (1.0*bucket[i])/(1.0*datanums)*100);  

}
}
std::vector  Histogram::GetDataVector(){
     return bucket;
 }

}
}

下面是测试文件
histogram_test.cc

#include
#include
#include
#include"common/algorithm/histogram.h"
#include"boost/shared_ptr.hpp"

int main(){
  auto p1 = std::make_shared(5.0,30);
  for(int32_t i = 0; i<100; i+=2){
    p1->AddData(static_cast<float>(i));
  }    
  p1->ShowHistogram();
  return 0;
}

更新

上面的程序有很多问题
1. 溢出没有再函数里判断,使得其他用户很容易犯错
2. 线程不安全,多线程使用会出现问题
3. 程序代码不规范
4. ..

下面贴出更改后的代码

//histogram.h

#ifndef COMMON_ALGORITHM_HISTOGRAM_H_
#define COMMON_ALGORITHM_HISTOGRAM_H_

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "common/base/stl_util.h"

namespace common {
namespace algorithm {

class Histogram {
 public:
  Histogram(double min, double max, double step);
  void AddData(double data);
  std::string ToString();
  size_t data_num() const;
 private:
  std::vector > buckets_;
  double bucket_width_;
  double min_;
  double max_;
  size_t bucket_num_;
  size_t data_num_;
};
}  // namespace algorithm
}  // namespace common

using common::algorithm::Histogram;

#endif  // COMMON_ALGORITHM_HISTOGRAM_H_

使用atomic 来实现线程安全。
由于atomic 对象不能复制,所以不能直接放入std::vector中,需要写一个AtomicWrapper , 才能放入vector中

template T>
struct AtomicWrapper {
  AtomicWrapper(): a_() {}
  AtomicWrapper(const std::atomic& a): a_(a.load()) {}
  AtomicWrapper(const AtomicWrapper& other): a_(other.a_.load()) {}
  AtomicWrapper& operator=(const AtomicWrapper& rhs) {
    a_.store(rhs.load());
  }
  std::atomic a_;
};

//histogram.cc

#include "common/algorithm/histogram.h"
#include 
#include "common/base/log.h"
#include "common/string/concat.h"

namespace common {
namespace algorithm {

using std::atomic;
using std::to_string;
using std::string;

Histogram::Histogram(double min, double max, double step)
  : min_(min), max_(max), bucket_width_(step), data_num_(0) {
  bucket_num_ = static_cast(abs((max - min) / step) + 2);
  buckets_.resize(bucket_num_);
}

void Histogram::AddData(double data) {
  if (buckets_.empty()) return;
  if (data < min_) {
    buckets_[0].a_++;
  } else if (data < min_ + bucket_width_ * (bucket_num_ - 2)) {
    buckets_[static_cast((data - min_) / bucket_width_) + 1].a_++;
  } else {
    buckets_[bucket_num_ - 1].a_++;
  }
  data_num_++;
}

size_t Histogram::data_num() const {
  return data_num_;
}

string Histogram::ToString() {
  string res = " -NaN -- ";
  res = Concat(res, to_string(min_), " : ", to_string(buckets_[0].a_), "  ",
  to_string(static_cast<double>(buckets_[0].a_) / data_num_ * 100), "%\n");
  for (size_t i = 1; i < bucket_num_ - 1; ++i) {
    res = Concat(res, to_string(bucket_width_ * (i - 1) + min_),
                 " -- ", to_string(bucket_width_ * i + min_), " : ", to_string(buckets_[i].a_), "  ",
                 to_string(static_cast<double>(buckets_[i].a_) / data_num_ * 100), "%\n");
  }
  res = Concat(res, to_string(bucket_width_ * (bucket_num_-2) + min_),
               " -- NaN : ", to_string(buckets_[bucket_num_-1].a_), "  ",
               to_string(static_cast<double>(buckets_[bucket_num_-1].a_) / data_num_ * 100), "%\n");
  return res;
}

}  // namespace algorithm
}  // namespace common

使用gtest书写测试单元 unit.

//histogram_test.cc

#include "common/algorithm/histogram.h"
#include 
#include "thirdparty/glog/logging.h"
#include "thirdparty/gtest/gtest.h"

using std::string;

TEST(HistogramTest, HistogramBaseTest) {
  Histogram histogram(-5.0, 10, 2);
  for (int32_t i = -10; i < 20; i += 1) {
    histogram.AddData(static_cast<double>(i));
  }
  string res =" -NaN -- -5.000000 : 5  16.666667%\n\
-5.000000 -- -3.000000 : 2  6.666667%\n\
-3.000000 -- -1.000000 : 2  6.666667%\n\
-1.000000 -- 1.000000 : 2  6.666667%\n\
1.000000 -- 3.000000 : 2  6.666667%\n\
3.000000 -- 5.000000 : 2  6.666667%\n\
5.000000 -- 7.000000 : 2  6.666667%\n\
7.000000 -- 9.000000 : 2  6.666667%\n\
9.000000 -- NaN : 11  36.666667%\n";
  EXPECT_STREQ(res.c_str(), histogram.ToString().c_str());
}

下面是client 端和server 端的代码

// demo_multi_client.cc

#include                                                                                       
#include                                                                                       
#include                                                                                       
#include                                                                                
#include "common/thrift/echo_handler.h"                                                                
#include "common/string/convert.h"                                                                     
#include "common/algorithm/histogram.h"                                                                
#include "common/base/log.h"                                                                           
#include "common/system/time/stop_watch.h"                                                             
#include "common/base/sys_utils.h"                                                                     
#include "common/thread/thread.h"                                                                      

using std::make_shared;                                                                                
using std::shared_ptr;                                                                                 

void MakeClientEcho(shared_ptr histogram, size_t nPipelines,size_t port) {               
  auto client = std::make_shared("localhost",port);                                    
  client->Connect();                                                                                
  LOG(INFO) << "Client Connected!";                                                                 
  for (size_t k =0; k"lanfengrequest");                                                                
    req.__set_seq(k);                                                                               
    StopWatch sw;                                                                                   
    client->client()->Echo(resp,req);                                                               
    histogram->AddData(sw.GetElapsedUs());                                                          
    if (req.seq != resp.seq) {                                                                      
      LOG(INFO) <<"Echo sequence wrong!";                                                           
    }                                                                                               
}                                                                                                   
}                                                                                                   
int32_t main (int32_t argc, char * argv []) {                                                       
  LOG(INFO) << "pid = " << getpid();                                                                
  if (argc > 0) {                                                                                   
    int32_t nClients = argc > 1 ? atoi(argv[1]) : 1;                                                
    int32_t nPipelines = argc > 2 ? atoi(argv[2]) : 1;                                              
    double min = argc > 3 ? atof(argv[3]) : 0;                                                      
    double max = argc > 4 ? atof(argv[4]) : 1000;                                                   
    double step = argc > 5 ? atof(argv[5]) : 50;                                                    
    int32_t port  = argc > 6 ? atoi(argv[6]) : 9090;                                                
    LOG(INFO) << "Clientnum = " << nClients << "Pipesnum = " << nPipelines ;                        
    LOG(INFO) << "Start ";                                                                          
    std::vector<shared_ptr > threadPtrs;                                            
    auto histogram = make_shared(min, max, step);                                        
    threadPtrs.resize(nClients);                                                                    
    for (size_t i = 0; i < nClients; ++i) {                                                         
      threadPtrs[i] = make_shared();                                                
      threadPtrs[i]->Start(std::bind(MakeClientEcho, histogram, nPipelines, port));                 
    }                                                                                               
    for (auto thread: threadPtrs) {                                                                 
      thread->Join();                                                                               
    }                                                                                               
    LOG(INFO) << "all finished";                                                                    
    LOG(INFO) << histogram->ToString();                                                             
  }else{                                                                                            
   printf("Usage: clientnum, pipelines, [min], [max], [step], [port]\n");                           
}                                                                                                   
}                                                                       
// demo_monitor_server.h

#include                                                                             
#include "common/thrift/echo_monitor_handler.h"                                                     
#include "common/string/convert.h"                                                                  
#include "common/base/log.h"                                                                        
#include "common/monitor/statistic_monitor.h"                                                       
#include "common/thrift/monitor_names.h"                                                            
#include "protoss/common/protoss_service.h"    

namespace thrift {                                                                                  
class MonitorService : public ::protoss::ProtossService {                                           
 public:                                                                                            
   MonitorService(const int32_t argc, const char* argv[]) : ProtossService(argc, argv) {            
   }                                                                                                

   virtual ~MonitorService() {                                                                      
     LOG(INFO) << "exiting monitor service ...";                                                    
   }                                                                                                

   virtual void Run() {                                                                             
     LOG(INFO) << "Start monitor Service ...";                                                      
     printf("start monitor service ...\n");                                                         
     ProtossService::Run();                                                                         
     echo_server_->Start();                                                                         
   }                                                                                                

   void InitGlobal () {                                                                             
     echo_server_ = std::make_shared (FLAGS_port, FLAGS_thread_num);                   
     MonitorNames::RegisterAll();                                                                   
   }                                                                                                

 private:                                                                                           
   std::shared_ptr echo_server_;                                                       
};                                                                                                  
} // namespace thrift                                                                               
} // namespace common                                                                               

int32_t main(int32_t argc, const char* argv[]) {                                                    
  common::thrift::MonitorService mymonitor(argc, argv);                                             
  mymonitor.InitGlobal();                                                                           
  mymonitor.Run();                                                                                  
  return 0;                                                                                         
}      

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