日期时间JPA映射

数据库日期时间类型

以MySQL为例,Date类型存储日期,Time类型存储时间,DateTime存储日期时间。对应的,这三个MySQL数据库字段类型在实体类的类型分别是java.sql.Date,java.sql.Time,java.sql.Timestamp。

Date类型

数据库表

在MySQL创建表student,字段CreateTime表示记录创建时间,仅仅存储时间。
CREATE TABLE `Student` (
  `StudentId` bigint unsigned NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `CreateTime` date NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`StudentId`),
  KEY `StudentName` (`Name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

实体类

数据库表student的字段CreateTime是Date类型,对应的,实体类的属性createTime是java.sql.Date类型。
package com.gxz.entities;

import java.sql.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table
public class Student {
	private long id;
	private String name;
	private Date createTime;

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "StudentId")
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Date getCreateTime() {
		return createTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
		this.createTime = createTime;
	}

}

持久化

Student student = new Student();
student.setName("张三");
student.setCreateTime(new Date(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2016-01-01").getTime()));

manager.persist(student);
查看数据库表student的数据,如下所示。
若把持久化的时间代码修改成2016-01-01 01:01:01,持久化的效果依旧不会保存时间,因为字段CreateTime的Date类型只会保存日期,属性java.sql.Date类型只会保存日期。
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("张三");
student.setCreateTime(new Date(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse("2016-01-01 01:01:01").getTime()));

manager.persist(student);
持久化后,查看数据库表student的数据,如下所示。

若把数据库表student字段CreateTime的类型修改为DateTime,使之可以保存日期时间,但是,因为属性java.sql.Date类型只会保存日期,所以,该列的时间部分依旧全部为0。首先,我们修改数据库。
CREATE TABLE `Student` (
  `StudentId` bigint unsigned NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `CreateTime` datetime NOT NULL,
  KEY `StudentName` (`Name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
持久化的时间代码如下所示。
student.setCreateTime(new Date(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2016-01-01").getTime()));
持久化后,查看数据库表student的数据,如下所示。

持久化的时间代码如下所示。
student.setCreateTime(new Date(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse("2016-01-01 01:01:01").getTime()));
持久化后,查看数据库表student的数据,如下所示。

DateTime类型

数据库表

把数据库表student字段CreateTime的类型修改为DateTime,使之可以保存日期时间。

实体类

数据库表student的字段CreateTime是DateTime类型,对应的,实体类的属性createTime是java.sql.Timestamp类型。
package com.gxz.entities;

import java.sql.Timestamp;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table
public class Student {
	private long id;
	private String name;
	private Timestamp createTime;

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "StudentId")
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Timestamp getCreateTime() {
		return createTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Timestamp createTime) {
		this.createTime = createTime;
	}
}

持久化

Student student = new Student();
student.setName("张三");
student.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse("2016-01-02 02:01:01").getTime()));

manager.persist(student);
持久化后,查看数据库表student的数据,如下所示。

Time类型

数据库表

把数据库表student字段CreateTime的类型修改为time,仅仅可以保存时间。
CREATE TABLE `Student` (
  `StudentId` bigint unsigned NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `CreateTime` time NOT NULL,
  KEY `StudentName` (`Name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

实体类

数据库表student的字段CreateTime是time类型,对应的,实体类的属性createTime是java.sql.Time类型。
package com.gxz.entities;

import java.sql.Time;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table
public class Student {
	private long id;
	private String name;
	private Time createTime;

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "StudentId")
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Time getCreateTime() {
		return createTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Time createTime) {
		this.createTime = createTime;
	}
}

持久化

Student student = new Student();
student.setName("张三");
student.setCreateTime(new Time(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").parse("02:01:01").getTime()));

manager.persist(student);
持久化后,查看数据库表student的数据,如下所示。


实体类属性是java.util.Calendar或java.util.Date

如果实体类属性是java.util.Calendar或java.util.Date,需要把这种类型转化为java.sql.Time、java.sql.Timestamp、java.sql.Date。实现转化的注解是javax.persistence.Temporal,该注解有一个属性javax.persistence.TemporalType,取值分别是TemporalType.DATE、TemporalType.TIME、TemporalType.TIMESTAMP。具体转化关系如下所述。
1.TemporalType.DATE:把java.util.Calendar或java.util.Date转化为java.sql.Date(持久化实体时),或把java.sql.Date转化为java.util.Calendar或java.util.Date(获取实体时)。
2.TemporalType.TIME:把java.util.Calendar或java.util.Date转化为java.sql.Time(持久化实体时),或把java.sql.TIME转化为java.util.Calendar或java.util.Time(获取实体时)。
3.TemporalType.TIMESTAMP:把java.util.Calendar或java.util.Date转化为java.sql.Timestamp(持久化实体时),或把java.sql.Timestamp转化为java.util.Calendar或java.util.Time(获取实体时)。

数据库表(DateTime类型)

数据库表student的字段CreateTime是DateTime类型。

实体类(Calendar类型)

实体类的属性是createTime的类型是java.util.Calendar,需要把java.util.Calendar转化为java.sql.Timestamp。
package com.gxz.entities;

import java.util.Calendar;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;

@Entity
@Table
public class Student {
	private long id;
	private String name;
	private Calendar createTime;

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "StudentId")
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
	public Calendar getCreateTime() {
		return createTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Calendar createTime) {
		this.createTime = createTime;
	}
	
	
}

持久化(Calendar类型)

Student student = new Student();
student.setName("张三");
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTime(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse("2016-05-12 12:25:23"));
student.setCreateTime(calendar);
持久化后,查看数据库表student的数据,如下所示。


数据库表(Date类型)

数据库表student的字段CreateTime是Date类型。

实体类(java.util.Date类型)

实体类的属性是createTime的类型是java.util.Date,需要把java.util.Date转化为java.sql.Date。
package com.gxz.entities;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;

@Entity
@Table
public class Student {
	private long id;
	private String name;
	private Date createTime;

	@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
	public Date getCreateTime() {
		return createTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
		this.createTime = createTime;
	}

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "StudentId")
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}

持久化(java.util.Date类型)

Student student = new Student();
student.setName("张三");
student.setCreateTime(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2016-05-13"));

manager.persist(student);
持久化后,查看数据库表student的数据,如下所示。


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