使用Alpine Linux的Docker镜像安装Python及相关依赖包

构建镜像

基础镜像使用justgast/python36-alpine38-bot
如果需要安装bash，可以使用下面的Dockerfile：

FROM justgast/python36-alpine38-bot

MAINTAINER Rethink

RUN echo "http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.8/main/" > /etc/apk/repositories
RUN echo "http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.8/community/" >> /etc/apk/repositories
RUN echo "http://dl-2.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories;
RUN echo "http://dl-3.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories;
RUN echo "http://dl-4.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories;
RUN echo "http://dl-5.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories

RUN echo "ipv6" >> /etc/modules
RUN apk update \
        && apk upgrade \
        && apk add --no-cache bash \
        bash-doc \
        bash-completion \
        && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* \
        && /bin/bash

执行下面的命令构建镜像：

docker build -t alpine-bash:v1 .

进入bash：

docker run -dti -v ~/share_file/:/share_file alpine-bash:v1

安装数据科学相关依赖

如果要安装Numpy、Scipy、Matlotlib、Scikit-Learn、Pandas等包，则需要额外安装gcc依赖

参考：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52712447/alpine-linux-cant-install-lapack-dev-on-python3-5-alpine3-4
参考：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38568476/installing-seaborn-on-docker-alpine

RUN apk add gcc freetype-dev 
RUN apk add gfortran musl-dev g++ libgcc libquadmath musl libgfortran 
RUN apk add lapack-dev

报错异常解决

问题1

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Cython'

解决方法如下：
pip install cython

问题2

如果是离线安装包，则有可能报以下错误：
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement scikit-learn==0.20.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 30)) (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for scikit-learn==0.20.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 30))

解决方法如下：
pip download scikit-learn==0.20.3

问题3

EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found
解决方法如下：
RUN apk add --no-cache mariadb-dev build-base

参考：https://github.com/gliderlabs/docker-alpine/issues/181

问题4

安装pymssql的时候报错：

     #include "sqlfront.h"
                          ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

解决办法如下：
apk add freetds-dev

问题5

安装uwsgi的时候报错：
    *** uWSGI compiling server core ***
    [gcc] core/utils.o
    In file included from core/utils.c:1:0:
    ./uwsgi.h:238:26: fatal error: linux/limits.h: No such file or directory
     #include 
                              ^
    compilation terminated.

解决办法如下：
apk add linux-headers