python manage.py startapp snippets
注意:使用Django <1.9,则需要用snippets替换snippets.apps.SnippetsConfig。
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
'snippets.apps.SnippetsConfig',
)
编辑snippets/models.py
from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles
LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())
class Snippet(models.Model):
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
code = models.TextField()
linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python', max_length=100)
style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly', max_length=100)
class Meta:
ordering = ('created',)
python manage.py makemigrations snippets
python manage.py migrate
编辑snippets/serializers.py(没有的话自行创建)
from rest_framework import serializers
from snippets.models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICES
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
title = serializers.CharField(required=False, allow_blank=True, max_length=100)
code = serializers.CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
linenos = serializers.BooleanField(required=False)
language = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python')
style = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly')
def create(self, validated_data):
"""
Create and return a new `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
"""
return Snippet.objects.create(**validated_data)
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
"""
Update and return an existing `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
"""
instance.title = validated_data.get('title', instance.title)
instance.code = validated_data.get('code', instance.code)
instance.linenos = validated_data.get('linenos', instance.linenos)
instance.language = validated_data.get('language', instance.language)
instance.style = validated_data.get('style', instance.style)
instance.save()
return instance
python manage.py shell
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
snippet = Snippet(code='foo = "bar"\n')
snippet.save()
snippet = Snippet(code='print "hello, world"\n')
snippet.save()
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
serializer.data
# {'id': 2, 'title': u'', 'code': u'print "hello, world"\n', 'linenos': False,
# 'language': u'python', 'style': u'friendly'}
# 为了完成序列化过程,我们把数据转换成json。
content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
content
# '{"id": 2, "title": "", "code": "print \\"hello, world\\"\\n", "linenos":
# false, "language": "python", "style": "friendly"}'
# 反序列化
from django.utils.six import BytesIO
stream = BytesIO(content)
data = JSONParser().parse(stream)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data)
serializer.is_valid()
# True
serializer.validated_data
# OrderedDict([('title', ''), ('code', 'print "hello, world"\n'), ('linenos',
# False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')])
serializer.save()
#
serializer = SnippetSerializer(Snippet.objects.all(), many=True)
serializer.data
# [OrderedDict([(' id', 1), ('title', u''), ('code', u'foo = "bar"\n'),
# ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')]),
# OrderedDict([('id', 2), ('title', u''), ('code', u'print "hello, world"\n'),
# ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')]),
# OrderedDict([('id', 3), ('title', u''), ('code', u'print "hello, world"'),
# ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')])]
修改 serializers.py中的文件如下
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 需要注意一下这里不再是serializers.Serializer而是serializers.ModelSerializer
class Meta:
model = Snippet
fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style')
编辑snippets/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
@csrf_exempt
def snippet_list(request):
"""
List all code snippets, or create a new snippet.
"""
if request.method == 'GET':
snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
return JsonResponse(serializer.data, safe=False)
elif request.method == 'POST':
data = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JsonResponse(serializer.data, status=201)
return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400)
@csrf_exempt
def snippet_detail(request, pk):
"""
Retrieve, update or delete a code snippet.
"""
try:
snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
return HttpResponse(status=404)
if request.method == 'GET':
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
return JsonResponse(serializer.data)
elif request.method == 'PUT':
data = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JsonResponse(serializer.data)
return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400)
elif request.method == 'DELETE':
snippet.delete()
return HttpResponse(status=204)
编辑snippets/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^snippets/$', views.snippet_list),
url(r'^snippets/(?P[0-9]+)/$' , views.snippet_detail),
]
编辑tutorial/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include('snippets.urls')),
]
退出 shell
启动项目
1.通过http访问,安装httpiepip install httpie
访问http http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/
结果