30个Linux Shell脚本经典案例（上）

编写Shell过程中注意事项：
开头加解释器：#!/bin/bash
语法缩进，使用四个空格；多加注释说明。
命名建议规则：变量名大写、局部变量小写，函数名小写，名字体现出实际作用。
默认变量是全局的，在函数中变量local指定为局部变量，避免污染其他作用域。
有两个命令能帮助我调试脚本：set -e 遇到执行非0时退出脚本，set-x 打印执行过程。
写脚本一定先测试再到生产上。

1.获取随机字符串或数字

获取随机8位字符串：

方法1：
# echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8
471b94f2
方法2：
# openssl rand -base64 4
vg3BEg==
方法3：
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8
ed9e032c

获取随机8位数字：

方法1：
# echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8
23648321
方法2：
# openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8
38571131
方法3：
# date +%N |cut -c 1-8
69024815

cksum：打印CRC效验和统计字节

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2.定义一个颜色输出字符串函数

方法1：
function echo_color() {
    if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
        echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m"
    elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
        echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m"
    fi
}

方法2：
function echo_color() {
    case $1 in
        green)
            echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
            ;;
        red)
            echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m" 
            ;;
        *) 
            echo "Example: echo_color red string"
    esac
}

使用方法：echo_color green "test"
function关键字定义一个函数，可加或不加。

3.批量创建用户

#!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%F_%T)
USER_FILE=user.txt

echo_color(){
    if [ $1 == 'green' ]; then
        echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
    elif [ $1 == 'red' ]; then
        echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"
    fi
}

# 如果用户文件存在并且大小大于0就备份
if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then
    mv $USER_FILE $USER_FILE-$DATE.bak
    echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak"
fi

echo -e "User Password" >> $USER_FILE
echo "-------------------">> $USER_FILE

for USER in user{1..10}; do
    if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then
        PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)
        useradd $USER
        echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &> /dev/dell
        echo -e "$USER  $PASS" >> $USER_FILE
        echo "$USER User create successful."
    else
        echo_color red "$USER User already exists!"
    fi
done

4.检查软件包是否安装

#!/bin/bash
if rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then
    echo "sysstat is already installed."
else
    echo "sysstat is not installed!"
fi

5.检查服务状态

#!/bin/bash

PORT_C=$(ss -ant |grep -c 6443)
PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep kube-apiserver |grep -vc grep)

if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "kube-apiserver service dowmped"
else
    echo "kube-apiserver service running!"
fi

6.检查主机存活状态

方法1：将错误IP放到数组里面判断是否ping失败三次
#!/bin/bash
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    NUM=1
    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
        if ping -c 1 $IP &> /dev/null; then
            echo "$IP Ping is successful."
            break
        else
            FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP
            let NUM++
        fi
    done
    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then
        echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"
        unset FAIL_COUNT[*]
    fi
done

   方法2：将错误次数放到FAIL_COUNT变量里面判断是否ping失败三次
#!/bin/bash
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    FAIL_COUNT=0
    for (( i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
        if ping -c 1 $IP &>/dev/null; then
            echo "$IP Ping is successful."
            break
        else
            let FAIL_COUNT++
        fi
    done
    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
        echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
    fi
done

方法3：利用for循环将ping通就跳出循环继续，如果不跳出就会走到打印ping失败
#!/bin/bash
ping_success_status() {
    if ping -c 1 $IP &>/dev/null; then
        echo "$IP Ping is successful."
        continue
    fi
}

for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    ping_success_status
    ping_success_status
    ping_success_status
    echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
done

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7.监控CPU、内存和硬盘利用率

#!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk '/netmask/ {print $2}')
if ! which vmstat &> /dev/null; then
    echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package."
    exit 1
fi

## CPU
US=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3 {print $13}')
SY=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3 {print $14}')
IDLE=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3 {print $15}')
WAIT=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3 {print $15}')
USE=$(($US+$SY))
if [ $USE -ge 50 ];then
    echo "
    Date: $DATE
    Host: $IP
    Problem: CPU utilization $USE"
fi

## Mem
TOTAL=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/ {print $2}')
USE=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/ {print $3}')
FREE=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/ {print $4+$6}')

if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then
    echo "
    Date: $DATE
    Host: $IP
    Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE"
fi

#disk
PART_USE=$(df -h |awk -F'[% ]+' 'BEGIN{OFS="="} /^\/dev/ {print $1,$2,$5,$6}')
for i in $PART_USE; do
    PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)
    TOTAL=$(echo $i |cut -d "=" -f2)
    USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)
    MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f4)
    if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then
        echo "
        Date: $DATE
        Host: $IP
        Total: $TOTAL
        Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)"
    fi
done

8.批量主机磁盘利用率监控

前提监控端和被监控端SSH免交互登录或者密钥登录。
写一个配置文件保存被监控主机SSH连接信息，文件内容格式：IP User Port

#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/ {print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1 {print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1 {print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP df -h > $TMP_FILE
    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="} /^\/dev/ {print $NF,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)

    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
        PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*} ##从右到左，非贪婪匹配，匹配到的删除
        USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=} ##从左到右，非贪婪匹配，匹配到的删除
        if [ $USE_RATE -ge 10 ];then
        echo "Warning: $IP $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
        fi
    done
done

9.检查网站可用性

#!/bin/bash

#--------------------
#1）检查URL可用性
#方法1：
check_url() {
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
        echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
    fi
}
#方法2：
check_url_2() {
    if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 &>/dev/null; then
#-T超时时间，--tries尝试1次，--spider爬虫模式
        echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
    fi
}

#check_url www.baidu.com
#check_url_2 www.aaaa.com

#2）判断三次URL可用性
#思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。

#---------------------------------

URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"

#------
#方法1：利用循环技巧，如果成功就跳出当前循环，否则执行到最后一行
check_url_3() {
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
        continue
    fi
}

for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    check_url_3 $URL
    check_url_3 $URL
    check_url_3 $URL
    echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
done

#------
#方法2：错误次数保存到变量

for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    FAIL_COUNT=0
    for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
            let FAIL_COUNT++
        else
            break
        fi
    done
    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
    fi
done

#------
#方法3：错误次数保存到数组
for URL in $URL_LIST;do
    NUM=1
    unset FAIL_COUNT
    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
            FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$URL
            let NUM++
        else
            break
        fi
    done
    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[@]} -eq 3 ];then
        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
    fi
done

10.检查MySQL主从同步状态

#!/bin/bash  
USER=bak
PASSWD=123456
IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e  show slave statusG  |awk -F:  /Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0} )  #gsub去除冒号后面的空格
for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
    THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
    THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
    if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
        echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!"
    fi
done

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作者：六弦极品